CN107041436A - A kind of manufacture craft of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea - Google Patents

A kind of manufacture craft of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea Download PDF

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CN107041436A
CN107041436A CN201611038347.0A CN201611038347A CN107041436A CN 107041436 A CN107041436 A CN 107041436A CN 201611038347 A CN201611038347 A CN 201611038347A CN 107041436 A CN107041436 A CN 107041436A
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tea
golden flower
bacterium
brick
cake
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周斌星
马存强
吕才有
王洪振
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Yunnan Agricultural University
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Yunnan Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23FCOFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F3/00Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F3/06Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
    • A23F3/14Tea preparations, e.g. using additives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23FCOFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F3/00Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F3/06Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23FCOFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F3/00Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F3/06Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
    • A23F3/08Oxidation; Fermentation
    • A23F3/10Fermentation with addition of microorganisms or enzymes

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or the manufacture craft of brick tea, comprise the following steps:(1) golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension is prepared;(2) pure culture golden flower bacterium;(3) steam pressure golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake;(4) steam pressure golden flower Pu'er raw teas brick tea;(5) grow dim with drying golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea.The present invention will have the artificial infection of health-care efficacy golden flower bacterium into big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea, steam pressure to certain specification Pu'er tea tea cake or brick tea, and promote Pu'er tea tea cake or brick tea to produce golden flower bacterium under the conditions of specific Temperature and Humidity Control, so as to improve Pu'er tea quality, promote the ageing of Pu'er tea, improve the health-care efficacy of Pu'er tea.

Description

A kind of manufacture craft of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or the manufacture craft of brick tea, belong to tea cake manufacture technology field.
Background technology
Pu'er tea is with big-leaf species in yunnan tea tree [Camellia sinensis (Linn) var.assamica (Masters Kitamura)] solar dried green tea that fresh leaf is processed is raw material, and takes in the range of geographical sign protection specific processing work Skill is made, the tealeaves with distinguishing character feature.By its processing technology and qualitative characteristics, Pu'er tea is divided into Pu'er tea and Pu'er tea (ripe tea) two types.Pu'er tea refers to, using big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea as raw material, display in a natural manner, without remarkable Work " fermentation ", " pile fermentation " processing, but the system of the various tea of Yunnan (tea cake, brick tea, Tuo tea) Jing Guo processing and sorting, embellishment shapes Claim.The processing technology of Pu'er tea includes sun withering tea and made and steam pressure shaping twice master operation.Sun withering tea production process is:Fresh leaf Spread → fixing → and knead → deblock → solar drying → packaging.Pu'er tea production process is:Sun withering caffein system → steam pressure shaping → drying → packaging.
Once occurred similar golden flower Pu'er compressed tea in tea of Yunnan history.It is written that one is stroked according to the Republic of China Lee《Buddhist sea tea Industry overview》The manufacture craft for recording this compressed tea is as follows:Tight tea is said " bottom tea " with thick tea bag at center.Two water tea bags are in bottom tea Outside say " two lid ".Secret note person is wrapped in outside two lids again says " Gao Pin ".... " Gao Pin " wet must be said for first one day with suitable moisture " damp tea ".By a night then row fermentation again.After agglomerating, because moisture is still more, fermentation again is once the fermentation for third time.Number All occur after day, in table a kind of yellow mould.Tibetan is optimal from the yellow mould tea of speech.Described " yellow mould " is as usually said in text " golden flower ".Due to the transition of tea-manufacturing technology, the manufacture craft of this golden flower Pu'er raw teas is lost.
Golden flower bacterium is the golden yellow cleistothecium that coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium (Eurotium cristatum) is produced under certain conditions The ascospore of shape.Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium belongs to a kind of beneficial fungi of Eurotiale Trichocomaceae Eurotium, can be in tealeaves (Fu bricks Tea), cordyceps sinensis, ganoderma lucidum, in the substratess such as Chinese medicine tablet.Modern medicine study shows the ascus produced by golden flower bacterium and its golden flower bacterium Spore, conidium belong to actual non-poisonous material, with many pharmacological functions such as reducing blood lipid, antitumor, antiviral.Golden flower bacterium is common In the process of Fu-brick tea." growing dim " is the critical process of formation Fu-brick tea distinguishing character in Fu-brick tea process, is passed through The certain technical parameter of control, promotes the growth and breeding of probiotics-coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium, produces golden cleistothecium, is commonly called as " gold Flower ".Golden flower bacterium metabolism (" growing dim ") during, coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium can secrete generation alpha-amylase, cellulase, pectase, The hydrolases such as protease promote the hydrolysis of the water-insoluble polysaccharides such as cellulose, starch to produce water-soluble monosaccharide and disaccharide, polysaccharide;And urge Change the oxidation of polyphenol compound, produce the pigments such as theaflavin thearubigin theabrownin.The bitterness of tealeaves is reduced to a certain extent Degree, eliminate tealeaves thick blue or green taste, increase tealeaves sweet and pure degree, promote tealeaves it is sweetening slide back to it is sweet.Tealeaves tool rich in golden flower bacterium There is the specific component of notable lowering blood-fat and reducing weight and function of polysaccharide, can effectively adjust the metabolism of human body, and have stronger lipid-loweringing, drop Pressure, effect of regulation carbohydate metabolism.It is contemplated that by modern biotechnology, and with reference to Pu'er tea in ancient literature Traditional manufacturing technique, recovers the making of golden flower Pu'er raw teas.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of tea cake or the manufacture craft of brick tea, in the range of national geography sign protection Big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea be raw material, with occur once in a while the Aged Pu 'er Tea tea of golden flower bacterium or other be rich in golden flower bacterium tealeaves For material, by being isolated and purified to the golden flower bacterium in the tealeaves such as Aged Pu 'er Tea tea, by modern biotechnology with cloud Southern large leaf solar dried green tea is the expansion culture that matrix carries out golden flower bacterium, and cultivates obtained golden flower strains according to certain to expand Ratio is seeded in big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea, and steam pressure is into after the Pu'er tea tea cake or brick tea of certain specification, in certain temperature Promote the generation of golden flower bacterium under damp condition.Coronoid process spreads capsule bacterium number Liang≤20*10 in golden flower Pu'er raw tea tea cakes4CFU/g, Coronoid process spreads capsule bacterium number Liang≤50*10 in golden flower Pu'er raw tea brick teas4CFU/g.The sample tea of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea The blackish green aobvious milli of color and luster, " growing dim " is luxuriant, dry to smell bacterium perfume substantially, and millet paste nectar is fragrant significantly, and soup look is orange bright, and flavour glycol is fresh It is pure, promote the production of body fluid substantially persistently, no bitter taste.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme is as follows.
The manufacture craft of a kind of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea, comprises the following steps:
(1) golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension is prepared:With the Aged Pu 'er Tea tea containing golden flower bacterium or other contain the tealeaves material of golden flower bacterium Material;By the leafy material containing golden flower bacterium and distilled water according to tea:Water=1:30 points are extracted under 20 mass ratio mixing, normal temperature Zhong Hou, is filtered with double gauze, discards tealeaves, retains millet paste, as golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension;
(2) pure culture golden flower bacterium:By golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension and big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea according to tea:Water=100:20 Mass ratio is mixed, and is steamed after 30 minutes under constant-pressure and high-temperature steam after 3-5 minute, be put into sterilized fermentation tank progress with Solar dried green tea is the pure culture of the golden flower bacterium of matrix;Or brick tea is pressed into according to specification, it is 28 DEG C in temperature, humidity is less than 75% Constant incubator in carry out pure culture;
(3) steam pressure golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake:The tealeaves rich in golden flower bacterium that pure culture is obtained according to 3% ratio with Big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea is mixed, and amount of water is added in mixed process and carries out tidewater;Tidewater 30 minutes to 1 hour Afterwards, suppressed by pie mould;Maximum stress between 100-150Mpa, tea cake center thickness between 2.5-3.5cm, Specification size depending on tea cake selects suitable mould;
(4) steam pressure golden flower Pu'er raw teas brick tea:The tealeaves rich in golden flower bacterium that pure culture is obtained according to 3% ratio with Big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea is mixed, and is mixed according to 1%-3% mass ratio with big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea, Amount of water is added in mixed process and carries out tidewater;After tidewater 30 minutes to 1 hour, suppressed by brick mould;It is maximum Stress is between 100-150Mpa, and brick tea thickness is between 4-4.5cm, and the specification size depending on brick tea selects suitable mould;
(5) grow dim with drying golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea:By the tea cake or brick tea of steam pressure according to certain Order arrangement is placed in 4m*4m drying room;Between two rows, the interval between two row must not be less than 5cm;In " growing dim " stage, Drying room temperature control steps up temperature between 26-30 DEG C;Humid control is below 75%, when humidity is more than 75%, Want ventilation dewetting;After " growing dim " 7 days, into drying stage, drying room temperature is gradually stepped up to 40 DEG C, after drying 3 days or so, when Tea cake or brick tea water content are that drying terminates less than 13%;Weather minimum temperature is more than 16 DEG C during being dried when growing dim, most High-temperature is between 28-32 DEG C, when air humidity is below 65%, can also not realize Pu'er tea by the temperature control of drying room Cake or brick tea grow dim with drying.
Further, in step (1) there is provided in the tealeaves in golden flower bacterium source without black mould, white mould, mould, the red miscellaneous bacteria such as mould, Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium Shuo Liang≤20*104CFU/g;Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium Shuo Liang≤1*10 in golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension4CFU/ml。
Further, in step (2), golden flower bacterium pure culture condition is that the mixed constant-pressure and high-temperature of golden flower bacteria suspensions is steamed, And the solid state fermentation formula pure culture after steaming;For being preced with the tealeaves rich in golden flower bacterium of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea Prominent bulk bacteria bacterium number Liang≤1*106CFU/g。
Further, in step (3) or golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or the steam pressure of brick tea in step (4), it is desirable to use Constant-pressure and high-temperature steam, vapor (steam) temperature is between 100 DEG C to 121 DEG C, and steaming time is 2-4min;The initial moisture content of tea cake is 27%~30%, inoculum concentration is mass ratio 3%;The initial moisture content of brick tea be 26%~28%, inoculum concentration mass ratio be 1%~ 3%.
Further, in step (5), temperature control " grows dim " temperature at 26 DEG C~30 DEG C, and humidity is below 75%, natural " hair Extraneous natural environment minimum temperature is more than 16 DEG C during flower ", and maximum temperature is between 28-32 DEG C, and air humidity is below 65%.
The beneficial effect of the invention is:The present invention will have health-care efficacy golden flower bacterium artificial infection to big-leaf species in yunnan to shine In crude green tea, the Pu'er tea tea cake or brick tea of steam pressure to certain specification, and promote Pu'er under the conditions of specific Temperature and Humidity Control Tea tea cake or brick tea produce golden flower bacterium, so as to improve Pu'er tea quality, promote the ageing of Pu'er tea, improve the health care work(of Pu'er tea Effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is microstructure of the golden flower Pu'er raw teas under 60 × power microscope under external source light.
Fig. 2 is microstructure of the golden flower Pu'er raw teas under 60 × power microscope under natural light.
Embodiment
The embodiment to the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, to be better understood from this hair It is bright.Material employed in the following embodiments of the present invention, other material, reagents used etc., unless otherwise specified, can be from business Industry approach is obtained.
The manufacture craft of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea in the present invention, including following steps:
(1) golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension is prepared:Made with the Aged Pu 'er Tea tea containing golden flower bacterium or other tealeaves for containing golden flower bacterium For raw material, raw material are required in tealeaves without black mould, white mould, mould, the red miscellaneous bacteria, coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium Shuo Liang≤20* such as mould 104CFU/g;By the leafy material containing golden flower bacterium and distilled water according to tea:Water=1:Soaked under 20 mass ratio mixing, normal temperature Carry after 30 minutes, filtered with double gauze, discard tealeaves, retain millet paste, as golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension;It is preced with golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension Prominent bulk bacteria Shuo Liang≤1*104CFU/ml;
(2) pure culture golden flower bacterium:By the golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension and big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea that extraction is obtained in step (1) According to tea:Water=100:20 mass ratio mixing, steams after 3-5 minutes under constant-pressure and high-temperature steam after 30 minutes, is put into The pure culture using solar dried green tea as the golden flower bacterium of matrix is carried out in the fermentation tank of sterilizing;Or brick tea is pressed into according to specification, in temperature Spend to carry out pure culture in 28 DEG C, constant incubator of the humidity less than 75%;Culture is taken out after 7 days, is dried in its natural state, Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium bacterium number Liang≤1*10 in tealeaves now6CFU/g, by the inoculation for Pu'er tea tea cake;
(3) steam pressure golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake:By pure culture is obtained in step (2) the tealeaves rich in golden flower bacterium according to 3% mass ratio is mixed with big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea, and amount of water is added in mixed process and carries out tidewater;Tidewater After 30 minutes to 1 hour, steamed under constant-pressure and high-temperature steam;Vapor (steam) temperature is between 100 DEG C to 121 DEG C;Steam 2-3 minutes, After water content of tea is 27%~30%, suppressed by pie mould.Maximum stress is between 100-150Mpa, tea cake Center thickness is between 2.5-3.5cm, and the specification size depending on tea cake selects suitable mould;
(4) steam pressure golden flower Pu'er raw teas brick tea:By pure culture is obtained in step (2) the tealeaves rich in golden flower bacterium according to 1%-3% mass ratio is mixed with big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea, and amount of water is added in mixed process and carries out tidewater; After tidewater 30 minutes to 1 hour, steamed under constant-pressure and high-temperature steam;Vapor (steam) temperature is between 100 DEG C to 121 DEG C;Steam 3-4 points Clock, after water content of tea is 26%~28% or so, is suppressed by certain brick mould;Maximum stress is in 100- Between 150Mpa, brick tea thickness is between 4-4.5cm, and the specification size depending on brick tea selects suitable mould;
(5) grow dim with drying golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea:By step (2) or the tea cake of step (3) steam pressure Or brick tea arranges be placed in 4m*4m drying room in sequence;Between two rows, the interval between two row must not be less than 5cm; " growing dim " stage, drying room temperature control steps up temperature between 26-30 DEG C;Humid control works as humidity below 75% During more than 75%, ventilation dewetting;After " growing dim " 7 days, into drying stage, drying room temperature is gradually stepped up to 40 DEG C, dries 3 After it or so, when tea cake or brick tea water content less than 12% are that drying terminates;Now, golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea The blackish green aobvious milli of finished product tea color, grows dim luxuriant, dry to smell bacterium perfume substantially, and millet paste nectar is fragrant significantly, and soup look is orange bright, flavour glycol It is fresh pure, promote the production of body fluid substantially persistently, no bitter taste;Coronoid process spreads capsule bacterium number Liang≤20*10 in golden flower Pu'er raw tea tea cakes4CFU/g, Coronoid process spreads capsule bacterium number Liang≤50*10 in golden flower Pu'er raw tea brick teas4CFU/g;Weather minimum temperature is 16 during being dried when growing dim More than DEG C, maximum temperature is between 28-32 DEG C, when air humidity is below 65%, also can not be real by the temperature control of drying room Existing Pu'er tea tea cake or brick tea grow dim with drying;The golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or the quality of brick tea that are produced under nature and The quality and the number of coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea under the quantity and Temperature and Humidity Control of coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium Amount is consistent, no significant difference.
Embodiment
(1) material:
It is original to meet the Yunnan large-leaf seed solar dried green tea of GB/T 22111-2008 Pu'er tea national geography famous special product requirements Material.Aged Pu 'er Tea tea containing golden flower bacterium or other contain tealeaves (such as Fu-brick tea, golden flower bacterium solid state fermentation tea, the gold of golden flower bacterium Grey tea etc.) it is used as the source of golden flower bacterium, it is desirable to without black mould, white mould, mould, the red miscellaneous bacteria, coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium number such as mould in tealeaves Liang≤20*104CFU/g。
(2) test apparatus:
JR-1003 types electronic balance (Shanghai Xin Nuo instrument plants);(Jintan City's environmental protection of HH-S28s type digital displays thermostat water bath Instrument plant);DFZ-O1 type electric vacunm drying casees (Hengfeng Medical Instruments Co., Ltd., Huangsih City);JH-752 types UV, visible light point Luminometer (Shanghai essence tech equipment Co., Ltd);(U.S.'s Agilent is public for the type high performance liquid chromatographs of Agilent 1200 Department);Low temperature refrigerator (Japanese SANYO companies);FZ-102 type microphyte samples pulverizer (light Medical Instruments factory of Beijing); Labonce-150TH constant temperature humidity chambers (Beijing Lan Beishi constant temperature technologies Co., Ltd);Steam generator (Wuhan Nuo Beisi Machine-building);Three beam and four-post hydraulic machine pressing machines (Qingdao power control heavy industry).
The preparation of step (1) golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension:
20 grams of tealeaves containing golden flower bacterium accurately are weighed, with distilled water according to tea:Water=1:Under 20 ratio mixing, normal temperature After extraction 30 minutes, filtered with double gauze, discard tealeaves, retain millet paste, as golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension.Tealeaves hangs with golden flower bacterium Golden flower bacterium and other moulds, the quantity of saccharomycete are according to the national food safety standard of GB 4789.15-2010 in liquid《Food Assay method in microbiological Test mould and yeast counts》It is measured.Measurement result as shown in table 1, is containing golden flower The quantity of coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium is by 25*10 in the tealeaves of bacterium4~1520*104Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium is by 1.2*10 in CFU/g, bacteria suspension4 ~60.8*104Miscellaneous bacteria quantity is in 0.5*10 in CFU/ml, bacteria suspension4CFU/ml.Meet coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium in golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension Shuo Liang≤1*104CFU/ml basic demand.
Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium and the quantity of miscellaneous bacteria in the different tealeaves containing golden flower bacterium of table 1 and its bacteria suspension
In above table, the quantity of miscellaneous bacteria is the quantity of other yeast and molds outside golden flower bacterium.
The pure culture of step (2) golden flower bacterium:
Obtained golden flower bacteria suspensions (200g) will be extracted with big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea (1000g) according to tea:Water= 100:20 ratio mixing, steams after 3-5 minutes under constant-pressure and high-temperature steam after 30 minutes, is put into sterilized fermentation tank Pure culture of the row using solar dried green tea as the golden flower bacterium of matrix.Or brick tea is pressed into according to certain specification, it is 28 DEG C, humidity in temperature Pure culture is carried out in constant incubator less than 75%.Culture is taken out after 7 days, is dried in its natural state.Observe golden flower bacterium bacterium The upgrowth situation fallen, and according to the national food safety standard of GB 4789.15-2010《Food microbiological examination mould and ferment Assay method in mother's counting》Determine the quantity of coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium.Morphologic observation is learnt pure in fermentation tank pure culture and brick tea In culture, the equal riotous growth of golden flower bacterium can be observed visually the bacterium colony of golden flower bacterium, not occur black mould, white mould, mould, red mould etc. Miscellaneous bacteria bacterium colony.Due to sterilization treatment, golden flower bacterium growing way grows fine compared with golden flower bacterium in incubator in fermentation tank.Different processes, Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium and miscellaneous bacteria quantity are as shown in table 2.Golden flower bacterium has resistant to elevated temperatures property.Research shows golden flower bacterium at 120 DEG C High-temperature process 20min, still with bioactivity.Pass through the contrast of golden flower bacterium before and after steam pressure, after steaming, coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium A large amount of to retain, other miscellaneous bacterias inactivate substantially.Different modes pure culture obtains in tealeaves coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium quantity in 150*4More than CFU/g, meets coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium Shuo Liang≤1*106CFU/g basic demand.On the whole, using fermentation tank golden flower bacterium The mode of pure culture, miscellaneous bacteria interference few the characteristics of, more suitable for the pure culture of golden flower bacterium many with golden flower bacterium quantity.
The quantity of coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium before and after the steam pressure of table 2 and after different modes pure culture
Process Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium (* 104CFU/g) Miscellaneous bacteria (* 104CFU/g)
Before steam pressure 0.2 0.05
After steam pressure 0.1 0.0
Fermentation tank pure culture 360 2
Incubator is incubated 150 5
Note:The quantity of miscellaneous bacteria is the quantity of other yeast and molds outside golden flower bacterium.
The steam pressure of step (3) golden flower Pu'er raw tea tea cakes:
The generation of golden flower bacterium requires that tea cake (brick tea) has certain water content, and suitable humiture.Pure culture is obtained The tealeaves rich in golden flower bacterium mixed according to 3% ratio with big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea, and add appropriate drink Water makes the tea cake or brick tea of steam pressure shaping contain certain water content.After tidewater 30 minutes to 1 hour, under constant-pressure and high-temperature steam Steam.Vapor (steam) temperature is between 100 DEG C to 121 DEG C.Steaming time is set as 1 minute to 5 minutes, and capsule is dissipated by coronoid process after steam pressure Bacterium, the quantity of miscellaneous bacteria, tea cake water content and sample tea golden flower productions determine the time steamed.According to existing Pu'er tea Steam pressure technique, maximum stress is between 100-150Mpa, and tea cake center thickness is between 2.5-3.5cm, and the specification depending on tea cake is big The small suitable mould of selection.This invention can be used for the tea cake of 357 grams, 400 grams, 500 grams, 1000 grams etc. different sizes of compacting.No 3. steam pressure 2~3min are shown in Table to the tea cake golden flower influences produced with steaming time, and golden flower produces more luxuriant, uniform, and does not go out Other existing miscellaneous bacterias.Therefore steaming time is 2~3min under constant-pressure and high-temperature steam, and tea cake initial moisture content is 27%~30% When, Pu'er tea tea cake golden flower productions are good.Table 3 is influence of the steaming time to tea cake golden flower productions.
Influence of the steaming time of table 3 to tea cake golden flower productions
The steam pressure of step (4) golden flower Pu'er raw tea brick teas:
The steam pressure of Pu'er tea brick tea uses identical equipment with the steam pressure of Pu'er tea tea cake, and it is poor to exist only on shaper It is different.Because the thickness of brick tea is between 4-4.5cm, after tea cake, moisture should be suitably reduced in the tealeaves tidewater stage.In steam pressure sizing After the demoulding, brick tea water content is advisable 26%~28% or so.Specific method is as follows:The obtained tea rich in golden flower bacterium will be cultivated Leaf is mixed according to 1%-3% (w/w) ratio with big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea, and amount of water is added in mixed process and is entered Row tidewater.After tidewater 30 minutes to 1 hour, steamed under constant-pressure and high-temperature steam.Vapor (steam) temperature is between 100 DEG C to 121 DEG C.Steam It is processed 3-4 minutes, after water content of tea is 26%~28% or so, suppressed by certain brick mould.Maximum stress Between 100-150Mpa, brick tea thickness is between 4-4.5cm, and the specification size depending on brick tea selects suitable mould.This patent Brick tea available for 400 grams, 500 grams, 800 grams, 1000 grams four kinds of different sizes of compacting.
Step (5) golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea grow dim with drying:
" growing dim " refer to it is certain it is hydrothermal under, the prolific process of dominant bacteria --- coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium, And by spore exoenzyme and hydrothermal, polymerization decomposition is produced to compositions such as the polyphenolic substances in tealeaves, so as to change tea The original color of leaf, shape.The tea cake or brick tea of steam pressure are arranged to the drying room for being emitted on 4m*4m in a certain order It is interior.Between two rows, the interval between two row must not be less than 5cm, in order to the circulation of air.In " growing dim " stage, drying room temperature Control steps up temperature between 26-30 DEG C;Humid control, the row of ventilation when humidity is more than 75% below 75% It is wet.After " growing dim " 7 days, into drying stage, drying room temperature is gradually stepped up to 40 DEG C, after drying 3 days or so, when tea cake or tea Brick water content is that drying terminates less than 12%.Weather minimum temperature is more than 16 DEG C during being dried when growing dim, and maximum temperature exists Between 28-32 DEG C, when air humidity is below 65%, be able to not can also be realized by the temperature control of drying room Pu'er tea tea cake or Brick tea grow dim with dry.Fig. 1 is microstructure of the golden flower Pu'er raw teas under 60 × power microscope under external source light.Fig. 2 is certainly Microstructure of the golden flower Pu'er raw teas under 60 × power microscope under right light.Yellow spherical granules are the son of coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium Cystospore, is " golden flower " that white clear filiform is the mycelium of coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium.Sensory review shows that golden flower Pu'er is given birth to Tea tea cake or the blackish green aobvious milli of the finished product tea color of brick tea, " growing dim " is luxuriant, dry to smell bacterium perfume substantially, and millet paste nectar is fragrant significantly, soup look Orange bright, flavour glycol is fresh pure, promotes the production of body fluid substantially persistently, no bitter taste.
Main chemical compositions in solar dried green tea (raw material), golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake, golden flower Pu'er raw tea brick teas are entered Determine.Water lixivium:Take GB/T 8305-2013.Tea Polyphenols is determined:Tartaric acid iron colorimetric method for determining is taken with reference to GB/ T 8313-2008.Tealeaves total catechin content is determined:Take Vanillin colorimetric method.Tea Pigment assay in tealeaves:TFs、 TRs and TBs assay takes system analysis method.Free amino acid total amount is determined:Ninhydrin colorimetry is taken with reference to GB/T 8314-2013.The measure of caffeine content in tealeaves:High performance liquid chromatography is taken, with reference to GB/T 8312-2013.Determine knot As shown in table 4, compared with raw material, water extraction, Tea Polyphenols, catechin, free amino acid etc. have fruit in golden flower Pu'er raw teas Decline by a small margin, dark brown have such as theaflavin, thearubigin, theabrownin dramatically increases.Caffeine content is stablized relatively.Golden flower Pu'er Polyphenol content declines substantially in raw tea brick tea, and polyphenol content is only 29.8% in sample tea.It is Tea Polyphenols, catechin, dark brown Change of the materials such as element, free amino acid in content and species is the material base to form golden flower Pu'er raw tea distinguishing characters Plinth.
The raw material of table 4 and main chemical compositions content in golden flower Pu'er raw teas
According to the national food safety standard of GB 4789.15-2010《In food microbiological examination mould and yeast counts Assay method》In the golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake and golden flower Pu'er raw tea brick teas that are formed to temperature control " growing dim " with natural " growing dim " Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium, other moulds, saccharomycete quantity is measured.As a result it is as shown in table 5:Temperature control " growing dim " and natural " growing dim " There is similitude, no significant difference in coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium quantity and tea leaf quality.Generally, the Pu'er tea grown dim naturally exists Level is had more on flavour, it is fuller.
The temperature control of table 5 " growing dim " and coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium quantity and sensory review's result in natural " growing dim "
Described above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art For, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications are also considered as Protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. the manufacture craft of a kind of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps:
(1) golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension is prepared:With the Aged Pu 'er Tea tea containing golden flower bacterium or other contain the leafy material of golden flower bacterium;Will Leafy material containing golden flower bacterium is with distilled water according to tea:Water=1:After being extracted 30 minutes under 20 mass ratio mixing, normal temperature, Filtered with double gauze, discard tealeaves, retain millet paste, as golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension;
(2) pure culture golden flower bacterium:By golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension and big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea according to tea:Water=100:20 quality Ratio is mixed, and is steamed after 30 minutes under constant-pressure and high-temperature steam after 3-5 minutes, is put into sterilized fermentation tank and is carried out with sun withering Gross tea is the pure culture of the golden flower bacterium of matrix;Or brick tea is pressed into according to specification, it is 28 DEG C in temperature, humidity is less than 75% perseverance Pure culture is carried out in warm incubator;
(3) steam pressure golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake:Ratio and Yunnan of the tealeaves rich in golden flower bacterium that pure culture is obtained according to 3% Large leaf solar dried green tea is mixed, and amount of water is added in mixed process and carries out tidewater;After tidewater 30 minutes to 1 hour, lead to Pie mould is crossed to be suppressed;Maximum stress is between 100-150Mpa, and tea cake center thickness is between 2.5-3.5cm, depending on tea The specification size of cake selects suitable mould;
(4) steam pressure golden flower Pu'er raw teas brick tea:Ratio and Yunnan of the tealeaves rich in golden flower bacterium that pure culture is obtained according to 3% Large leaf solar dried green tea is mixed, and is mixed according to 1%-3% mass ratio with big-leaf species in yunnan solar dried green tea, mixing During addition amount of water carry out tidewater;After tidewater 30 minutes to 1 hour, suppressed by brick mould;Maximum stress Between 100-150Mpa, brick tea thickness is between 4-4.5cm, and the specification size depending on brick tea selects suitable mould;
(5) grow dim with drying golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea:By the tea cake or brick tea of steam pressure in a certain order Arrangement is placed in 4m*4m drying room;Between two rows, the interval between two row must not be less than 5cm;In " growing dim " stage, drying room Temperature control steps up temperature between 26-30 DEG C;Humid control, when humidity is more than 75%, lead to below 75% Wind hydrofuge;After " growing dim " 7 days, into drying stage, drying room temperature is gradually stepped up to 40 DEG C, after drying 3 days or so, works as tea cake Or brick tea water content is that drying terminates less than 13%;Weather minimum temperature is more than 16 DEG C during being dried when growing dim, the highest temperature Degree between 28-32 DEG C, when air humidity is below 65%, not by the temperature control of drying room can also realize Pu'er tea tea cake or Brick tea grow dim with dry.
2. the manufacture craft of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake according to claim 1 or brick tea, it is characterised in that:Step (1) In there is provided in the tealeaves in golden flower bacterium source without black mould, white mould, mould, the red miscellaneous bacteria, coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium Shuo Liang≤20* such as mould 104CFU/g;Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium Shuo Liang≤1*10 in golden flower bacterium bacteria suspension4CFU/ml。
3. the manufacture craft of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake according to claim 1 or brick tea, it is characterised in that:Step (2) In, golden flower bacterium pure culture condition is that the mixed constant-pressure and high-temperature of golden flower bacteria suspensions is steamed, and the solid state fermentation formula after steaming is pure Culture;For coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium bacterium number Liang≤1* in the tealeaves rich in golden flower bacterium of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea 106CFU/g。
4. the manufacture craft of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake according to claim 1 or the manufacture craft of brick tea, its feature exists In:In step (3) or golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or the steam pressure of brick tea in step (4), it is desirable to use constant-pressure and high-temperature steam, steam Stripping temperature is between 100 DEG C to 121 DEG C, and steaming time is 2-4min;The initial moisture content of tea cake is 27%~30%, inoculum concentration For mass ratio 3%;The initial moisture content of brick tea is 26%~28%, and inoculum concentration mass ratio is 1%~3%.
5. the manufacture craft of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake according to claim 1 or the manufacture craft of brick tea, its feature exists In in step (5), temperature control " grows dim " temperature at 26 DEG C~30 DEG C, and humidity is below 75%, extraneous natural ring when natural " growing dim " Border minimum temperature is more than 16 DEG C, and maximum temperature is between 28-32 DEG C, and air humidity is below 65%.
CN201611038347.0A 2016-11-23 2016-11-23 A kind of manufacture craft of golden flower Pu'er raw teas tea cake or brick tea Pending CN107041436A (en)

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CN108323602A (en) * 2018-04-03 2018-07-27 广东科贸职业学院 The preparation method and the Pu'er golden flower Mulberry-leaf Tea of the Pu'er golden flower Mulberry-leaf Tea
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Application publication date: 20170815