CN107032793A - 一种蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)酚醛树脂的制备:甲醛和苯酚在NaOH的催化下制备达到热固性酚醛树脂;(2)将步骤(1)得到的酚醛树脂与BJO‑0930型酚醛微球混合,再加入蒙脱土,进行模压成型;(3)将步骤(2)得到的产物升温至150℃固化后,在Ar气保护下进行炭化处理,即得到蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料。该制备方法操作简单,制备的蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料力学性能优异,蒙脱土作为增强相,显著地提高了炭泡沫复合材料的压缩强度,其压缩性能表现出一定的塑性特征,还可有效降低炭泡沫在高温下的热导率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复核材料的制备领域,具体涉及一种蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
炭泡沫具有密度低、热膨胀系数低、耐热冲击性好、尺寸稳定性好等优异性能,在无氧条件下可加热到3000℃而不熔化或软化,热导率既可低至1W / (m·K)以下亦可高达150W / (m·K)以上,已应用于航空、航天航海等军事部门及民用商业领域,如星载望远镜镜面基体、燃料电池、舰船甲板、吸波或电磁屏蔽材料、国家导弹防御体系中的热量转移和热保护系统等方面。
目前,炭泡沫的制备方法主要有两种:一种是采用煤基沥青或中间相沥青为前驱体发泡,经炭化、石墨化得到炭泡沫,这种炭泡沫石墨化程度高,呈现开孔均匀分布的立体网状结构,并具有高的热导率;另一种是先以酚醛树脂为原料的中空细微颗粒经黏合制得树脂前驱体,再经炭化后得到炭泡沫。这种树脂炭泡沫热导率低,作为航空航天领域高速飞行器热防护系统中的隔热材料。但是其力学性能较低,无法满足苛刻的服役环境。
发明内容
本发明提供一种蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料的制备方法,制备的蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料力学性能优异。
一种蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)酚醛树脂的制备:甲醛和苯酚按1. 2-1.6:1 的摩尔比加入三口烧瓶中,同时加入NaOH 作催化剂,水浴加热至70-100℃,反应0.5h,得到热固性酚醛树脂;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的酚醛树脂与BJO-0930型酚醛微球混合,再加入蒙脱土,蒙脱土的质量分数为3-7%,搅拌后,进行模压成型;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的产物升温至150℃固化10h后,放入真空炭化炉中,在Ar 气保护下进行炭化处理,即得到蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料。
步骤(1)中NaOH的加入量为甲醛和苯酚总质量的0.1%。
步骤(2)中BJO-0930型酚醛微球的密度为0.25g/cm3,平均粒径71. 5μm,平均壁厚1. 84μm。
步骤(2)中BJO-0930型酚醛微球的体积占酚醛树脂和BJO-0930型酚醛微球总体积的70%;蒙脱土占酚醛树脂、BJO-0930型酚醛微球和蒙脱土总质量的3-7%。
步骤(3)中碳化温度为800℃。
本发明的优点:
本发明提供的蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料的制备方法,操作简单,制备的蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料力学性能优异,蒙脱土作为增强相,显著地提高了炭泡沫复合材料的压缩强度,其压缩性能表现出一定的塑性特征。在炭泡沫材料中
引入蒙脱土,还可有效降低炭泡沫在高温下的热导率。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)酚醛树脂的制备:甲醛和苯酚按1. 2-1.6:1 的摩尔比加入三口烧瓶中,同时加入NaOH 作催化剂,水浴加热至70-100℃,反应0.5h,得到热固性酚醛树脂;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的酚醛树脂与BJO-0930型酚醛微球混合,再加入蒙脱土,蒙脱土的质量分数为3-7%,搅拌后,进行模压成型;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的产物升温至150℃固化10h后,放入真空炭化炉中,在Ar 气保护下进行炭化处理,即得到蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料。
步骤(1)中NaOH的加入量为甲醛和苯酚总质量的0.1%。
步骤(2)中BJO-0930型酚醛微球的密度为0.25g/cm3,平均粒径71. 5μm,平均壁厚1. 84μm。
步骤(2)中BJO-0930型酚醛微球的体积占酚醛树脂和BJO-0930型酚醛微球总体积的70%;蒙脱土占酚醛树脂、BJO-0930型酚醛微球和蒙脱土总质量的3-7%。
步骤(3)中碳化温度为800℃。
Claims (5)
1.一种蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包含以下步骤:
(1)酚醛树脂的制备:甲醛和苯酚按1. 2-1.6:1 的摩尔比加入三口烧瓶中,同时加入NaOH 作催化剂,水浴加热至70-100℃,反应0.5h,得到热固性酚醛树脂;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的酚醛树脂与BJO-0930型酚醛微球混合,再加入蒙脱土,蒙脱土的质量分数为3-7%,搅拌后,进行模压成型;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的产物升温至150℃固化10h后,放入真空炭化炉中,在Ar 气保护下进行炭化处理,即蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中NaOH的加入量为甲醛和苯酚总质量的0.1%。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中BJO-0930型酚醛微球的密度为0.25g/cm3,平均粒径71. 5μm,平均壁厚1. 84μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中BJO-0930型酚醛微球的体积占酚醛树脂和BJO-0930型酚醛微球总体积的70%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种蒙脱土改性炭泡沫复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中碳化温度为800℃。
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