CN107029039A - 一种冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂及其制备方法，按重量份计，由艾草300‑400份、金银花30‑50份、防己8‑12份、鱼腥草20‑40份、黄连7‑13份、水芹菜150‑250份制成，用于冷水鱼免疫调节和增强免疫功能具有显著的功效，克服采用化学治疗剂和抗生素等药物来防治鱼病出现病原抗药性和药物耐受性的问题，提供了新的治疗途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
冷水鱼是指适应在较低水温中生活生长的鱼类。其特点是：高蛋白、低脂肪、肉美味鲜、营养丰富。冷水鱼养殖对水质要求非常高，略有污染，即无生存。目前可开发利用的经济品种较多，主要有大麻哈鱼属的虹鳟、金鳟、马苏大马哈鱼、细鳞大马哈鱼、大麻哈鱼；鲑属的大西洋鲑；红点鲑属的河鳟、花羔红点鲑、白斑红点鲑；哲罗鱼属的虎嘉哲罗鱼、哲罗鱼；白鲑属的湖白鲑、高白鲑、白鲑；细鳞鱼；黑龙江茴鱼等20多种。
随着我国冷水鱼养殖规模和养殖范围的不断扩大，冷水产品贸易及冷水鱼苗跨区域交流的日益频繁，大大增加了冷水鱼病原传播的机会。同时由于现代冷水鱼养殖的集约化、高密度生产方式及冷水鱼水域环境的恶化，常引发冷水鱼的应激反应，导致冷水鱼机体的免疫系统受到抑制。正是这些因素的相互影响，导致出现了冷水鱼病害发生趋于频繁、流行程度日益广泛、经济损失量快速上升的局面。更为重要的是，随着生活水平的提高，消费者对于冷水鱼产品质量安全的要求日趋严格，冷水鱼体内药残问题倍受公众关注，在传统鱼病学上行之有效的一些药物纷纷被禁用或限用。同时发现，采用化学治疗剂和抗生素等药物来防治鱼病已出现了病原抗药性和药物耐受的现象。面对此种情况，冷水鱼的免疫防治重新得到了人们的重视，但疫苗预防注射对免疫系统不够健全、特异性免疫应答反应不够充分的冷水鱼，其免疫效果比畜禽要差得多，而且疫苗免疫注射具有病原特异性，应用范围受到限制。因此，健康养殖用冷水鱼免疫增强剂的研发成为了当前冷水鱼病害防治研究和新鱼药开发的热点。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂及其制备方法，该中药增强剂由艾草、金银花、防己、鱼腥草、黄连、水芹菜制成，该中药增强剂对冷水鱼免疫调节和增强免疫功能具有显著的药效，且制备工艺非常简单，非常适宜养殖户推广应用。
具体地，一种冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，按重量份计，由艾草300-400份、金银花30-50份、防己8-12份、鱼腥草20-40份、黄连7-13份、水芹菜150-250份；
更具体地，一种冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，按重量份计，由艾草350份、金银花40份、防己10份、鱼腥草30份、黄连10份、水芹菜200份；
本发明还提供了一种冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
取艾草300-400份、金银花30-50份、防己8-12份、鱼腥草20-40份、黄连7-13份、水芹菜150-250份，切碎，加入6-8倍量的水煎煮2-4h，过滤，滤液分装入密封袋，每袋1.5L,即得到冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂；
进一步地，一种冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
取艾草350份、金银花40份、防己10份、鱼腥草30份、黄连10份、水芹菜200份，切碎，加入7倍量的水煎煮3h，过滤，滤液分装入密封袋，每袋1.5L,即得到冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂。
本发明制得的冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂在应用时，是按以下方法进行使用：在鱼池进水口投放冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，投放量为每100平方米鱼池投入2-4L冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，每7天投放1次；优选投放量为每100平方米鱼池投入3L冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，每7天投放1次；
本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本发明冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，由艾草、金银花、防己、鱼腥草、黄连、水芹菜制成，其中药材来源丰富，七味药相辅相成、协同增效，用于冷水鱼免疫调节和增强免疫功能具有显著的功效，克服了采用化学治疗剂和抗生素等药物来防治鱼病出现病原抗药性和药物耐受难题。
(2)本发明冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，其制备工艺简单，采用原料药直接水煎煮，药液直接应用，无需过多的技术培训就可应用，非常适宜推广使用。
试验例1：本发明制得的冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂的功效考察：
1、实验动物：
选用虹鳟鱼平均体重为20g幼鱼，试验前一个月分组饲养于15℃恒温供氧循环水族箱中，每一单独水槽中100尾。
2、实验方法：
试验组：按每7天投放一次本发明制得的冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，正常喂食饲料，喂养42天后，进行攻毒(鱼传染性造血器官坏死病病毒IHNV)，攻毒当天禁食一天，试验组中随机取出80尾试验鱼，使用MS-222将试验鱼分批浸泡麻醉，立即用8个LD50剂量的IHNV病毒液进行背鳍注射攻毒，100μL/尾。攻毒后连续观察30天，统计各组的累计死亡数，并计算相对免疫保护率(Relative PercentSurvival，RPS)：RPS＝(1-MiMc)×100％，公式中：Mi为免疫组死亡率；Mc为对照组死亡率。
对照组：正常喂食饲料，喂养42天后，进行攻毒(鱼传染性造血器官坏死病病毒IHNV)，攻毒当天禁食一天，对照组组中随机取出80尾试验鱼，使用MS-222将试验鱼分批浸泡麻醉，立即用8个LD50剂量的IHNV病毒液进行背鳍注射攻毒，100μL/尾。攻毒后连续观察30天，统计各组的累计死亡数，并计算相对免疫保护率(Relative PercentSurvival，RPS)：RPS＝(1-MiMc)×100％，公式中：Mi为免疫组死亡率；Mc为对照组死亡率。
试验结果如下表1：
表1：冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂功效考察情况：
| 组别 | 死亡数/总数 | 死亡率(％) | 免疫保护率％ |
| 试验组 | 62/80 | 77.5 | 22.5 |
| 对照组 | 80/80 | 100 | 0 |
说明：本发明制得的冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂用于冷水鱼免疫调节和增强免疫功能具有显著的功效。
具体实施方式：
实施例1：冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂的制备
取艾草300g、金银花30g、防己8g、鱼腥草20g、黄连7g、水芹菜150g，切碎，加入6倍量的水煎煮2h，过滤，滤液分装入密封袋，每袋1.5L,即得到冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂；
应用：在鱼池进水口投放冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，投放量为每100平方米鱼池投入2L冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，每7天投放1次；冷水鱼死亡率下降25.4％，(与不给任何药物干预比较)。
实施例2：冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂的制备
取艾草350份、金银花40份、防己10份、鱼腥草30份、黄连10份、水芹菜200份，切碎，加入7倍量的水煎煮3h，过滤，滤液分装入密封袋，每袋1.5L,即得到冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂；
应用：在鱼池进水口投放冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，投放量为每100平方米鱼池投入3L冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，每7天投放1次；冷水鱼死亡率下降27.4％，(与不给任何药物干预比较)。
实施例3：冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂的制备
取艾草400g、金银花30-50g、防己12g、鱼腥草40g、黄连13g、水芹菜250g，切碎，加入8倍量的水煎煮4h，过滤，滤液分装入密封袋，每袋1.5L,即得到冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂；
应用：在鱼池进水口投放冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，投放量为每100平方米鱼池投入4L冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，每7天投放1次；冷水鱼死亡率下降26.4％，(与不给任何药物干预比较)。
Claims (6)
1.一种冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，按重量份计，其特征在于：由艾草300-400份、金银花30-50份、防己8-12份、鱼腥草20-40份、黄连7-13份、水芹菜150-250份。
2.根据权利要求1所述冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，按重量份计，其特征在于：由艾草350份、金银花40份、防己10份、鱼腥草30份、黄连10份、水芹菜200份。
3.一种冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
取艾草300-400份、金银花30-50份、防己8-12份、鱼腥草20-40份、黄连7-13份、水芹菜150-250份，切碎，加入6-8倍量的水煎煮2-4h，过滤，滤液分装入密封袋，每袋1.5L,即得到冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
取艾草350份、金银花40份、防己10份、鱼腥草30份、黄连10份、水芹菜200份，切碎，加入7倍量的水煎煮3h，过滤，滤液分装入密封袋，每袋1.5L,即得到冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，其特征在于：所述的冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂在应用时，是按以下方法进行使用：
在鱼池进水口处投放冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，投放量为每100平方米鱼池投入2-4L冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，每7天投放1次。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，其特征在于：所述的冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂在应用时，是按以下方法进行使用：
在鱼池进水口处投放冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，投放量为每100平方米鱼池投入3L冷水鱼免疫中药增强剂，每7天投放1次。
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| CN111920933B (zh) * | 2020-08-18 | 2022-02-22 | 吉林省水产科学研究院 | 一种养殖马苏大麻哈鱼的复方药物及其方法 |
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