CN107018976B - Primary color preservation method for red and yellow plant disease specimen - Google Patents
Primary color preservation method for red and yellow plant disease specimen Download PDFInfo
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- CN107018976B CN107018976B CN201710293014.0A CN201710293014A CN107018976B CN 107018976 B CN107018976 B CN 107018976B CN 201710293014 A CN201710293014 A CN 201710293014A CN 107018976 B CN107018976 B CN 107018976B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preserving primary colors of red and yellow plant disease specimens, which comprises the following steps: 1) collecting, finishing and sterilizing plant disease specimens; 2) fixing the color; 3) color restoration; 4) and preserving the primary colors. The invention creates three color processing steps of color fixing, color repairing and primary color preservation, and can preserve two color specimens by adopting one method. The raw materials are safe and environment-friendly, the method is simple and feasible, time-saving and labor-saving, the raw materials can be prepared at any time, the raw materials can be manufactured in batches, the method is used for preserving the original colors of the original shapes of the complete specimens, the preservation solution is clear and transparent, and the method has positive practical significance in the field of plant pathology teaching and scientific research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant pathology, and particularly relates to a primary color preservation method of a specimen of a plant disease with two colors of red and yellow.
Background
The specimen of plant diseases with red and yellow colors is one of the important components in the specimen of plant diseases. The red and yellow plant disease specimens are different from the green specimens in preservation, the green specimens are pure colors and account for a heavy proportion, the research strength is high, and the prior art is mature. The red and yellow disease specimen is basically a fruit type specimen, a complete red and yellow plant disease specimen is usually a fruit with green leaves, fruit stalks, fruit bases, fruit branches and the like, and the primary color preservation of the complete specimen must be realized while multiple colors are preserved. At present, few researches are made on preservation technologies specially used for red and yellow plant disease specimens, a preservation solution is generally adopted for direct preservation, the color preservation effect is poor, the color and luster of the specimens are too different from those of fresh specimens, and fruit cracking is easy. Some methods with slightly good color retention effect contain formaldehyde components in the formula, and the formaldehyde is known to be a toxic and harmful substance and is not beneficial to the health of a manufacturing user.
Aiming at the practical problem of plant disease specimen preservation in the field of plant pathology teaching and scientific research at present, how to design a method for preserving primary colors of red and yellow plant disease specimens can preserve two color specimens, and the method is simple, easy, safe and environment-friendly and has positive practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preserving primary colors of red and yellow plant disease specimens, which is simple to operate, safe and environment-friendly and can preserve the primary colors of the original shapes of the red and yellow plant disease specimens.
In order to realize the purpose, the method for preserving the primary colors of the red-yellow plant disease specimens comprises the following steps:
1) collecting, finishing and sterilizing plant disease specimens: collecting 7-8 mature red yellow fruit disease specimens with single typical symptoms and leaves, fruit stalks, fruit bases and fruit branches, trimming, cleaning the whole specimens with clear water, soaking and sterilizing the specimens in 70% alcohol for 3-4 minutes, and cleaning the specimens for 3-4 times with distilled water;
2) color fixation: placing the disinfected and cleaned specimen into a fixing solution, wherein the specimen occupies no more than 80% of the space of the fixing solution, is completely immersed in the fixing solution, turns green to yellow after 5-10 days, and gradually turns green from yellow to green for 1-2 days, and then is taken out and rinsed with clear water;
3) color restoration: soaking the rinsed specimen in 70% alcohol for 2-3 min, taking out, washing with distilled water, air drying, and storing in a color-restoring solution for 12-15 days;
4) primary color preservation: taking out the specimen from the multicolor liquid, placing the specimen into a sterilized specimen bottle, discharging the specimen in a natural state, cutting 1-2 small holes on a hollow specimen at a fruit stem by using a dissecting scissors, then injecting a preserving liquid into the specimen bottle, wherein the liquid level is 2cm away from the bottle opening, exhausting the air in the process of soaking the specimen by the preserving liquid, adding the preserving liquid again after exhausting for 1 day to keep the liquid level at 2cm away from the bottle opening, sealing the opening by using a sealing liquid under the environmental condition that the air humidity is within 70% after 1-2 days, and placing the specimen into a clean condition that the air humidity is 70% -80% and is protected from light for a long time.
Further, the stationary liquid is prepared from the following raw materials: 15-25 g of copper sulfate, 40-60 ml of acetic acid, 50-80 ml of glycerol and 15-20 ml of sulfurous acid, and the preparation method comprises the steps of putting 15-25 g of copper sulfate into 800ml of distilled water, stirring until the copper sulfate is completely dissolved, adding the acetic acid, the glycerol and the sulfurous acid, and finally adding the distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml to obtain the fixing solution.
Further, the compound color liquid is prepared from the following raw materials: 13-16 ml of sulfurous acid, 80-100 ml of glycerol and 4-5 g of boric acid, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of putting 4-5 g of boric acid into 150ml of distilled water, stirring until the boric acid is completely dissolved, adding sulfurous acid and glycerol, and finally adding distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml to obtain the multicolor liquid.
Further, the compound color liquid is prepared from the following raw materials: 13-16 ml of sulfurous acid, 80-100 ml of glycerol and 80-100 ml of 95% alcohol, and the preparation method comprises the steps of mixing sulfurous acid, glycerol and alcohol, and finally adding distilled water to reach the constant volume of 1000ml to obtain the multicolor liquid.
Further, the preservation solution is prepared from the following raw materials: 10-12 ml of sulfurous acid, 50-70 ml of glycerol and 4-5 g of boric acid, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of putting 4-5 g of boric acid into 150ml of distilled water, stirring until the boric acid is completely dissolved, adding sulfurous acid and glycerol, and finally adding distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml to obtain the preservation solution.
Further, the preservation solution is prepared from the following raw materials: 10-12 ml of sulfurous acid, 50-70 ml of glycerol and 50-80 ml of 95% alcohol, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing sulfurous acid, glycerol and alcohol, and adding distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml to obtain a preservation solution.
The substantive characteristics and the remarkable progress of the invention are as follows:
the primary color preservation method for the plant disease specimens with the two colors of red and yellow provided by the invention is characterized in that three color processing steps of color fixing, color repairing and primary color preservation are originally created, and the specimens with the two colors can be preserved by adopting one method. The raw materials are safe and environment-friendly, the preparation method is simple and feasible, time-saving and labor-saving, the raw materials can be prepared at any time, the raw materials can be prepared in batches, the preservation solution is used for preserving the original colors of the original shapes of the complete specimens, and the preservation solution is clear and transparent, so that the method has positive practical significance in the field of plant pathology teaching and scientific research.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the invention discloses a primary color preservation method of a red-yellow plant disease specimen, which is used for preserving yellow loquat anthracnose and comprises the following specific steps:
1) collecting, sorting and sterilizing loquat anthracnose specimens. Collecting 7-8 mature loquat anthrax specimens with single typical symptoms, removing redundant old leaves and other diseased fruits, and leaving diseased fruits with typical symptoms and healthy and normal fruits. With complete specimens of fruit branches, fruit stalks, fruit bases, diseased fruits and healthy fruits. After trimming and finishing, cleaning the complete specimen with clear water, soaking and disinfecting in 70% alcohol for 3-4 minutes, and cleaning with distilled water for 3-4 times.
2) The color is fixed. The disinfected and cleaned loquat anthracnose specimen is put into the fixing liquid, the specimen occupies no more than 80% of the space of the fixing liquid, and the specimen is completely immersed into the fixing liquid. The green part of the specimen turns yellow from green after 5 days, and gradually turns yellow and green after 2 days, and the specimen is taken out and rinsed by clean water.
Preparation of a stationary liquid: adding 15 g of copper sulfate into 800ml of distilled water, stirring until the copper sulfate is completely dissolved, adding 40ml of acetic acid, 50ml of glycerol and 15ml of sulfurous acid, and finally adding the distilled water to reach the constant volume of 1000ml to obtain the fixing solution.
3) And (5) color restoration. And (3) soaking the rinsed specimen in 70% alcohol for 2-3 minutes, washing the specimen with distilled water, taking out the specimen, drying the specimen, and storing the specimen in a color-restoring solution for 15 days.
Preparing a color-compounding liquid: adding 15ml of sulfurous acid, 100ml of glycerol and 100ml of 95% alcohol into 300ml of distilled water, mixing, finally adding distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml, and uniformly stirring to obtain the compound color liquid.
4) And preserving the primary colors. Taking out the loquat anthracnose specimen from the decolorizing solution, putting the loquat anthracnose specimen into a sterilized specimen bottle, discharging the specimen in a natural state, cutting 1 to 2 small holes near a fruit stem by dissection, then injecting a preserving solution into the specimen bottle, wherein the liquid level is 2cm away from the bottle opening, the specimen inevitably contains gas, exhausting gas in the process of soaking the specimen in the preserving solution, and adding the preserving solution again after exhausting for 1 day to keep the liquid level at the position 2cm away from the bottle opening. Sealing with sealing agent under the environment condition that the air humidity is within 70% after 2 days, wherein the formula of the sealing agent comprises 1 part of each of beeswax and vaseline. Finally, the specimen is stored for a long time in a clean condition with humidity of 70% to 80% and protected from light.
Preparation of a preservation solution: adding 10ml sulfurous acid, 70ml glycerol and 60ml 95% alcohol into 300ml distilled water, mixing, adding distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml, and stirring to obtain a preservation solution.
Example two:
the invention relates to a primary color preservation method of a red-yellow plant disease specimen, which is used for preserving red tomato late blight and comprises the following specific steps:
1) collecting, sorting and sterilizing tomato late blight specimens. Collecting 7-8 mature tomato late blight with single and typical symptoms, removing redundant old leaves and other diseased fruits, and leaving diseased fruits with typical symptoms and healthy and normal fruits. With complete specimens of leaves, fruit branches, fruit stalks, fruit bases, diseased fruits and healthy fruits. After trimming and finishing, cleaning the complete specimen with clear water, soaking and disinfecting in 70% alcohol for 3-4 minutes, and cleaning with distilled water for 3-4 times.
2) The color is fixed. Placing the disinfected and cleaned tomato late blight specimen into a fixing solution, wherein the specimen occupies no more than 80% of the space of the fixing solution, and the specimen is completely immersed into the fixing solution. After 6 days, the green part of the specimen turns from green to yellow, and gradually turns from yellow to green for 2 days, and then the specimen is taken out and rinsed by clean water.
Preparation of a stationary liquid: 20 g of copper sulfate is put into 800ml of distilled water, stirred until the copper sulfate is completely dissolved, then 50ml of acetic acid, 65ml of glycerol and 15ml of sulfurous acid are added, and finally the distilled water is added to reach the constant volume of 1000ml, thus obtaining the fixing solution.
3) And (5) color restoration. And (3) soaking the rinsed specimen in 70% alcohol for 2-3 minutes, washing the specimen with distilled water, taking out the specimen, drying the specimen, and storing the specimen in a color-restoring solution for 15 days.
Preparing a color-compounding liquid: adding 15ml of sulfurous acid, 100ml of glycerol and 100ml of 95% alcohol into 300ml of distilled water, mixing, finally adding distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml, and uniformly stirring to obtain the compound color liquid.
4) And preserving the primary colors. Taking out the tomato late blight specimen from the compound color liquid, putting the tomato late blight specimen into a sterilized specimen bottle, discharging the specimen in a natural state, then injecting a preserving liquid into the specimen bottle, wherein the liquid level is 2cm away from the bottle opening, the specimen inevitably contains gas, exhausting in the process of soaking the specimen in the preserving liquid, and adding the preserving liquid again after exhausting for 1 day to keep the liquid level at 2cm away from the bottle opening. Sealing with sealing agent under the environment condition that the air humidity is within 70% after 2 days, wherein the formula of the sealing agent comprises 1 part of each of beeswax and vaseline. Finally, the specimen is stored for a long time in a clean condition with humidity of 70% to 80% and protected from light.
Preparation of a preservation solution: adding 10ml sulfurous acid, 70ml glycerol and 60ml 95% alcohol into 300ml distilled water, mixing, adding distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml, and stirring to obtain a preservation solution.
Example three:
the invention relates to a primary color preservation method of a red-yellow plant disease specimen, which is used for preserving red and yellow pimento anthracnose and comprises the following specific steps:
1) collecting, sorting and sterilizing the sweet pepper anthracnose specimen. Respectively collecting 7-8 mature red and yellow sweet pepper anthracnose diseased fruits with single and typical symptoms, and selecting diseased fruits with typical symptoms and healthy normal fruits with complete specimens of leaves, fruit stalks, diseased fruits and healthy fruits. After trimming and finishing, cleaning the complete specimen with clear water, soaking and disinfecting in 70% alcohol for 3-4 minutes, and cleaning with distilled water for 3-4 times.
2) The color is fixed. The disinfected and cleaned sweet pepper anthracnose specimen is put into the fixing liquid, the specimen occupies no more than 80% of the space of the fixing liquid, and the specimen is completely immersed into the fixing liquid. The green part of the specimen turns yellow from green after 5 days, and gradually turns yellow and green after 2 days, and the specimen is taken out and rinsed by clean water.
Preparation of a stationary liquid: adding 25 g of copper sulfate into 800ml of distilled water, stirring until the copper sulfate is completely dissolved, adding 60ml of acetic acid, 80ml of glycerol and 20ml of sulfurous acid, and finally adding the distilled water to reach the constant volume of 1000ml to obtain the fixing solution.
3) And (5) color restoration. And (3) soaking the rinsed specimen in 70% alcohol for 2-3 minutes, washing the specimen with distilled water, taking out the specimen, drying the specimen, and storing the specimen in a color-restoring solution for 15 days.
Preparing a color-compounding liquid: putting 5 g of boric acid into 150ml of distilled water, stirring until the boric acid is completely dissolved, adding 15ml of sulfurous acid and 100ml of glycerol, and finally adding the distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml to obtain the compound color liquid.
4) And preserving the primary colors. Taking out red and yellow sweet pepper anthracnose specimens from the decolorizing solution, simultaneously placing into a sterilized specimen bottle, discharging the specimens in a natural state, then injecting a preserving solution into the specimen bottle, wherein the liquid level is 2cm away from the bottle opening, the specimens inevitably contain gas, exhausting gas in the process of soaking the specimens in the preserving solution, and adding the preserving solution again after exhausting for 1 day to keep the liquid level at the position 2cm away from the bottle opening. Sealing with sealing agent under the environment condition that the air humidity is within 70% after 2 days, wherein the formula of the sealing agent comprises 1 part of each of beeswax and vaseline. Finally, the specimen is stored for a long time in a clean condition with humidity of 70% to 80% and protected from light.
Preparation of a preservation solution: putting 4 g of boric acid into 150ml of distilled water, stirring until the boric acid is completely dissolved, adding 10ml of sulfurous acid and 70ml of glycerol, and finally adding the distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml to obtain the preservation solution.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preserving primary colors of a specimen of a plant disease with two colors of red and yellow is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) collecting, finishing and sterilizing plant disease specimens: collecting 7-8 mature red yellow fruit disease specimens with single typical symptoms and leaves, fruit stalks, fruit bases and fruit branches, trimming, cleaning the whole specimens with clear water, soaking and sterilizing the specimens in 70% alcohol for 3-4 minutes, and cleaning the specimens for 3-4 times with distilled water;
2) color fixation: placing the disinfected and cleaned specimen into a fixing solution, wherein the specimen occupies no more than 80% of the space of the fixing solution, is completely immersed in the fixing solution, turns green to yellow after 5-10 days, and gradually turns green from yellow to green for 1-2 days, and then is taken out and rinsed with clear water;
3) color restoration: soaking the rinsed specimen in 70% alcohol for 2-3 min, taking out, washing with distilled water, air drying, and storing in a color-restoring solution for 12-15 days;
the preparation method of the compound color liquid comprises the following steps: the feed is prepared from the following raw materials: 13-16 ml of sulfurous acid, 80-100 ml of glycerol and 4-5 g of boric acid, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of putting 4-5 g of boric acid into 150ml of distilled water, stirring until the boric acid is completely dissolved, adding sulfurous acid and glycerol, and finally adding distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml to obtain a decolorization solution;
the other preparation method of the compound color liquid comprises the following steps: the feed is prepared from the following raw materials: 13-16 ml of sulfurous acid, 80-100 ml of glycerol and 80-100 ml of 95% alcohol, and the preparation method comprises the steps of adding the sulfurous acid, the glycerol and the alcohol into 300ml of distilled water for mixing, and finally adding the distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml and uniformly stirring to obtain a decolorization solution;
4) primary color preservation: taking out the specimen from the multicolor liquid, placing the specimen into a sterilized specimen bottle, discharging the specimen in a natural state, cutting 1-2 small holes on a hollow specimen at a fruit stem by using a dissecting scissors, then injecting a preserving liquid into the specimen bottle, wherein the liquid level is 2cm away from the bottle opening, exhausting the air in the process of soaking the specimen by the preserving liquid, adding the preserving liquid again after exhausting for 1 day to keep the liquid level at 2cm away from the bottle opening, sealing the opening by using a sealing liquid under the environmental condition that the air humidity is within 70% after 1-2 days, and placing the specimen into a clean condition that the air humidity is 70% -80% and is protected from light for a long time.
2. The method for preserving primary colors of specimens of plant diseases of two colors of red and yellow according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the stationary liquid is prepared from the following raw materials: 15-25 g of copper sulfate, 40-60 ml of acetic acid, 50-80 ml of glycerol and 15-20 ml of sulfurous acid, and the preparation method comprises the steps of putting 15-25 g of copper sulfate into 800ml of distilled water, stirring until the copper sulfate is completely dissolved, adding the acetic acid, the glycerol and the sulfurous acid, and finally adding the distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml to obtain the fixing solution.
3. The method for preserving primary colors of specimens of plant diseases of two colors of red and yellow according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the preservation solution is prepared from the following raw materials: 10-12 ml of sulfurous acid, 50-70 ml of glycerol and 4-5 g of boric acid, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of putting 4-5 g of boric acid into 150ml of distilled water, stirring until the boric acid is completely dissolved, adding sulfurous acid and glycerol, and finally adding distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml to obtain the preservation solution.
4. The method for preserving primary colors of specimens of plant diseases of two colors of red and yellow according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the preservation solution is prepared from the following raw materials: 10-12 ml of sulfurous acid, 50-70 ml of glycerol and 50-80 ml of 95% alcohol, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding sulfurous acid, glycerol and alcohol into 300ml of distilled water, mixing, adding distilled water to a constant volume of 1000ml, and stirring uniformly to obtain a preservation solution.
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| CN109221095A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-18 | 胡玥瑶 | A kind of production method of green plants humid preparation |
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| CN113545339B (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2022-05-20 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Preparation method of bamboo shoot soaked specimen |
| CN114680103B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-03-14 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for preparing plant disease specimen |
| CN114982745A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-09-02 | 濮阳市食品药品检验检测中心 | Method for preparing plant-soaked specimen |
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