CN107011093A - The full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco chases after integrated fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
The full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco chases after integrated fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107011093A CN107011093A CN201710304147.3A CN201710304147A CN107011093A CN 107011093 A CN107011093 A CN 107011093A CN 201710304147 A CN201710304147 A CN 201710304147A CN 107011093 A CN107011093 A CN 107011093A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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Abstract
Integrated fertilizer is chased after the invention discloses the full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco, includes the active princlple of following weight/mass percentage composition：Active bio bacterial manure 20%~30%, secondary and micro-element fertilizers 2%~5%, inorganic fertilizer 65%~75%；Wherein, the active bio bacterial manure is to be combined bacteria agent by rapeseed meal, 20%~30% dregs of beans, 5%~10% sesame seed meal, 5%~10% peanut meal and 1%~2% EM that mass content is respectively 50%~60% to form using the slot type machinery exposure abundant fermentation maturity of aerobe fermentation technique.The full Nutrient medium integrated fertilizer of flue-cured tobacco of the present invention instead of conventional base manure, special topdress and the fertilizer such as potassium sulfate, it also retains the nutritional ingredient of foregoing various fertilizer, and the full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco chases after and slow-release fertilizer composition is with the addition of in integrated fertilizer, being fully able to realize during tobacco growing only needs single fertilization just to meet the growth demand of tobacco, so as to reduce labor of fertilizer application power and cost, improve production and throw ratio, increase tobacco grower's income.
Description
Technical field
Integrated fertilizer and preparation method thereof is chased after the present invention relates to agricultural fertilizer field, more particularly to a kind of full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco.
Background technology
Modern flue-cured tobacco agricultural construction be unable to do without scientific and technological progress, and its essential characteristic is exactly to collect economized, informationization, specialty
Change and scale, set up and improve simple and laborsaving cultivation technical system by be modern flue-cured tobacco agricultural development from now on Main way.In recent years
Come, although cured tobacco production input gradually increases, but the phenomenon of volume increase not synergy is more and more universal, and its main cause is rural area work
Power number and quality are generally reduced, and tobacco grower's planting household is reduced, and planting scale expands per family, and labor cost is substantially increased, and
This agricultural production variation tendency turns into irreversible trend.As can be seen here, traditional flue-cured tobacco cultivation technology has been not suitable with
Modern agriculture and the development in rural area, time-consuming, effort the cultivation technique of reform traditional reduce the amount of labour used and reduced labor intensity,
Develop the high-quality tobacco cultivation technique of few, the suitable mechanization of a set of easy to operate, amount of labour used, it has also become current cured tobacco production is urgently
The problem of solution.
Traditional tobacco leaf production model is labour-intensive planting industry, such as nursery, site preparation, transplanting, intertillage, harvesting, volume cigarette, baking
The link such as roasting, is required for a large amount of labours.It can be said that the problems such as recruitment is more, cost is high are always restriction tobacco leaf large-scale production
Bottleneck.The development of urbanization and the decline for planting cigarette comparative effectiveness, tobacco grower troop and planting scale also there occurs significantly therewith
Change, producing region tobacco grower troop is gradually reduced, and at the same time, tobacco planting scale progressively expanded in recent years, and area is by passing per family
Less than 10 mu of system, progressively develop into it is current area is up to tens mu per family, the planting household that up to a hundred mu of producing region also occupies no small
Ratio.With the rapid expansion and the continuous improvement of labor cost of scale per family, tobacco planting cost is caused to increase substantially.
By taking traditional flue-cured tobacco set meal fertilizer practice as an example, its fertilizer application mode is base manure+carry seed manure+special+potassium sulfate, wherein base manure of topdressing
Including 2 fertilisings of organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer, 2 administrations of seed manure point are proposed, special to topdress 2-3 times, potassium sulfate topdresses 1-2 times, therefore
For fertilising, huge labour's fertilizer cost and fertilising cost of labor will seriously govern the development of modern tobacco leaf.Therefore,
Research and development one kind can reduce number of times and fertilizer type, while reduce labor of fertilizer application recruitment, and can reduce the tobacco of dose
Full Nutrient medium chases after integrated fertilizer and gently subtracts an important technical in cultivation as modern tobacco.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art to chase after one there is provided a kind of full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco
Fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical scheme proposed by the present invention is：
A kind of full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco chases after integrated fertilizer, includes the active princlple of following weight/mass percentage composition：
Active bio bacterial manure 20%~30%,
Secondary and micro-element fertilizers 2%~5%,
Inorganic fertilizer 65%~75%；
Wherein, the active bio bacterial manure be by mass content be respectively 50%~60% rapeseed meal, 20%~30%
Dregs of beans, 5%~10% sesame seed meal, 5%~10% peanut meal and 1%~2% EM are combined bacteria agent using slot type machinery
The abundant fermentation maturity of aerobe fermentation technique is exposed to form；
The secondary and micro-element fertilizers refer to the fertilizer containing one or more of elements in magnesium, boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum；
The inorganic fertilizer be respectively by mass percent 25%~35% ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 15%~25% phosphoric acid one
Ammonium, 4%~8% potassium chloride, 25%~35% potassium sulfate, 5%~10% potassium nitrate mixture are formed.
The full Nutrient medium of above-mentioned flue-cured tobacco chases after integrated fertilizer, it is preferred that the secondary and micro-element fertilizers refer to magnesium sulfate, borax,
One or several kinds in zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and ammonium molybdate.
The full Nutrient medium of above-mentioned flue-cured tobacco chases after integrated fertilizer, it is preferred that the full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco chase after in integrated fertilizer composition
Index is：N+P2O5+K2O content is 30%~38%, and organic matter >=15%, amino acid >=2%, nitrate nitrogen content accounts for total nitrogen
Mass fraction >=35%.
The full Nutrient medium of above-mentioned flue-cured tobacco chases after integrated fertilizer, it is preferred that the mode of operation that slot type machinery exposes aerobe fermentation is：Control
Heap processed height is 50~80cm, and width is 500~550cm, opens intelligent temperature monitoring system and machinery exposes oxygen equipment, control
Highest fermentation temperature is 55~60 DEG C, and blade type turner is opened when center fermentation temperature reaches highest control range temperature and is entered
Row automatic turning is thrown, and a fermentation period needs to turn over throwing 4~5 times, and fermentation period is 25~35 days, and fermentation ends after fermentation material
Temperature is normal temperature.
The full Nutrient medium of above-mentioned flue-cured tobacco chases after integrated fertilizer, it is preferred that during tobacco planting, by the way of big cave ring is applied
Disposably apply the full Nutrient medium of the flue-cured tobacco and chase after integrated fertilizer, dose is 110~125kg/ mus.
As a total inventive concept, the present invention also provides the preparation that a kind of full Nutrient medium of above-mentioned flue-cured tobacco chases after integrated fertilizer
Method, comprises the following steps：
(1) content is chosen in rapeseed meal, dregs of beans, sesame seed meal and the compound bacteria agents of peanut meal addition EM by weight percentage, adjusts
Moisture content is controlled 35%~50%, and controls pH 6~8, and aerobe fermentation is exposed using slot type machinery after being then uniformly mixed
Deodorization produces active bio bacterial manure after the abundant fermentation maturity of technique, fermentation ends；The slot type machinery exposes the operation side of aerobe fermentation
Formula is：It is 50~80cm to control heap height, and width is 500~550cm, opens intelligent temperature monitoring system and machinery exposes oxygen and set
Standby, it is 55~60 DEG C to control highest fermentation temperature, and blade type is opened when center fermentation temperature reaches highest control range temperature
Turner carries out automatic turning throwing, and a fermentation period needs to turn over throwing 4~5 times, and fermentation period is 25~35 days, and after fermentation ends
Fermentation materials temperature is normal temperature；
(2) weigh by weight percentage ammonium nitrate phosphorus, MAP, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate mixing be made into inorganic fertilizer
Material；
(3) turned after mixing active bio bacterial manure, secondary and micro-element fertilizers and inorganic fertilizer after broken, uniform mixture
Drum granulation coating, metering packing, that is, obtain the full Nutrient medium of finished product flue-cured tobacco and chase after integrated fertilizer.
Above-mentioned preparation method, it is by photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, actinomycete group and vinegar that the EM, which is combined bacteria agent,
Acidfast bacilli is formed by basic culture solution culture, activation, breeding.
The present invention needs fertile feature according to " few rich old poor " of flue-cured tobacco, right using modern biotechnology fermentation technique and EM compound bacterias
Rapeseed meal, dregs of beans, sesame seed meal, peanut meal mixture carry out slot type machinery and expose aerobe fermentation, make its Rapid Fermentation degraded macromolecular organic
Material formation can absorbed small organic molecule (such as amino acid, higher fatty acids), then by the active bacterial manure being made and in
Trace element and inorganic fertilizer are made the full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco and chase after integrated fertilizer after mixture through normal temperature granulation and coating by a certain percentage,
The product is uniformly discharged in tobacco growing early stage nutrient, tobacco early growth and quick tiller, the later stage, nutrition was not lacked again, was fallen in good time
It is yellow.
So the fertilizer for applying the present invention can not only meet flue-cured tobacco early stage and want on the basis of single fertilization fat-reducing drop work
The nutritive peculiarity of early growth and quick tiller is sought, and ensure that absorption of the later stage to nutrient does not take off fertilizer, it is ensured that flue-cured tobacco falls Huang in good time, so that
Increasing yield and improving quality.
The full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco of the present invention chases after integrated fertilizer for organic-inorganic complex fertilizer II types, and its total nutrient content is high, surpasses
National standard is crossed, the nutrient condition of abundance can be provided for the early growth and quick tiller of flue-cured tobacco early stage, and A wide selection of colours and designs is with the addition of in product
Magnesium, boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum etc. in trace element, it is ensured that overall absorption of the flue-cured tobacco to each nutrition；Simultaneously as powdered organic nothing
Machine Chemical Mixed Fertilizer early stage nutrients release is fast, and the later stage causes de- fertilizer, therefore the present invention uses normal temperature granulation and film-coating technique to its powder
Shape compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is granulated, and the product after granulation makes it water-soluble slow due to high and coating agent the presence of particle intensity,
It can ensure that later stage fertilizer efficiency is long under conditions of Releasing nutrient in time in early stage, so that flue-cured tobacco early stage early growth and quick tiller, the later stage fits
When fall Huang, reach saving of labor, drop sheet, extra earning, the purpose of synergy.
Meanwhile, the full Nutrient medium integrated fertilizer of tobacco of the invention is rich in several amino acids, is comprehensive multifunctional organic fertilizer, is adding
Enter after appropriate active bio bacterial manure, while possessing the function of traditional organic fertilizer, the amino acid in fertilizer can supplement tobacco must
The amino acid needed, stimulates and regulation tobacco fast-growth, promotes tobacco growing healthy and strong, promote absorption of the tobacco to nutriment,
Accelerate tobacco growing breeding；Using the fertilizer, can not only directly feed tobacco nutrient, and can as soil nutrition improvement
Agent, promotes tobacco root flourishing, strengthens the metabolic function of tobacco, improves photosynthesis, reaches the effect of volume increase, upgrading.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
(1) the full Nutrient medium integrated fertilizer of tobacco of the invention is combined using bio-fertilizer-organic fertilizer-inorganic fertilizer, and in product
Trace element in middle addition chlorine, magnesium, boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum etc., nutrient balance, scientific formulation can not only provide flue-cured tobacco normal growth
Required nutrient, and the yield of flue-cured tobacco can be improved, improve the interior quality of flue-cured tobacco, while compared to traditional set meal fertilising drop
Low dose 3%-5%, recruitment 2-4 that lightens one's labor is artificial, reaches the purpose of cost efficiency.
(2) N-P in the full Nutrient medium integrated fertilizer of tobacco of the invention2O5-K2O reaches GB18877-2009II type requirements, total to support
Divide and reach 30%-38%, organic matter has reached more than 15%, and amino acid has reached more than 2%, while adding sulfuric acid in fertilizer
Trace element carries out normal temperature granulation-coating in magnesium, borax, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and ammonium molybdate etc., product is better able to satisfaction
Development of flue-cured tobacco demand, the active organic-inorganic complex fertilizer of this high mixture ratio has reached advanced international level.
(3) full Nutrient medium integrated fertilizer of the invention only needs single fertilization just to meet tobacco during tobacco growing
Growth demand, so as to reduce labor of fertilizer application power and cost, improve production and throw ratio, increase tobacco grower's income；Simultaneously using advanced normal
Warm granulating technique and film-coating technique so that the product can uniformly discharge in early stage nutrient, tobacco early growth and quick tiller, later stage nutrition again
Do not lack, Huang is fallen in good time, it is ensured that the quality of tobacco.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the cigarette strain root activity of each processing different times during the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the vitality of nitrate reductase of each processing different times tobacco leaf during the specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, present invention work more comprehensively, is meticulously described below in conjunction with preferred embodiment,
But protection scope of the present invention is not limited to embodiment in detail below.
Unless otherwise defined, the implication that all technical terms used hereinafter are generally understood that with those skilled in the art
It is identical.Technical term used herein is intended merely to describe the purpose of specific embodiment, is not intended to the limitation present invention
Protection domain.
Except there is a special instruction, the various reagents used in the present invention, raw material be can be commercially commodity or
Person can pass through product made from known method.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of full Nutrient medium integrated fertilizer of tobacco of the invention, includes the active princlple of following weight/mass percentage composition：
Active bio bacterial manure 25%,
Secondary and micro-element fertilizers 4.5%,
Inorganic fertilizer 70.5%；
Wherein, active bio bacterial manure be by 535kg rapeseed meals, 250kg dregs of beans, 100kg sesame seed meals, 100kg peanut meals and
15kg EM is combined bacteria agent and formed using the slot type machinery exposure abundant fermentation maturity of aerobe fermentation technique；
Secondary and micro-element fertilizers refer to the fertilizer containing one or more of elements in magnesium, boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum；
The inorganic fertilizer is by 250kg ammonium nitrates phosphorus, 250kg MAPs, 80kg potassium chloride, 340kg potassium sulfates, 80kg
Potassium nitrate mixture is formed.
The full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco of the present embodiment chases after the preparation method of integrated fertilizer, comprises the following steps：
(1) the compound bacteria agents of EM are chosen and pass through basic culture solution culture, activation, breeding；
(2) active bio bacterial manure is prepared：535kg rapeseed meals, 250kg dregs of beans, 100kg sesame seed meals, 100kg peanut meals are weighed,
The EM compound bacterias of 15kg steps (1) breeding are added, the control of regulation moisture adjusts pH value to 7, stirring mixing 50% with quick lime
Enter slot type machinery after uniform and expose aerobe fermentation groove, it is 60cm to control heap height, and width is 500cm, is controlled using temperature control device
Highest fermentation temperature is 60 DEG C, and sets machinery to expose oxygen equipment, is opened when center fermentation temperature reaches highest control range temperature
Open blade type turner and carry out automatic turning throwing, a fermentation period turns over throwing 4 times, and fermentation period is 25 days, deodorization after fermentation ends
Produce active bio bacterial manure；
(3) inorganic fertilizer compound is prepared：Weigh 250kg ammonium nitrates phosphorus, 250kg MAPs, 80kg potassium chloride, 340kg sulphur
Sour potassium, 80kg potassium nitrate, inorganic fertilizer is prepared after being pulverized and mixed uniformly；
(4) using the coating agent bought from professional production producer after the granulation of oil-powder coating agent crop, and from professional production factory
Family buys trace element fertilizer in certified products and (refers to the mixed fertilizer containing magnesium sulfate, borax, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and ammonium molybdate
Material)；
(5) by trace element fertilizer in 250kg active bios bacterial manure, 705kg inorganic composite mixed fertilizers and 45kg is broken, uniform mixture
Normal temperature disc granulation-coating is carried out afterwards, is transported to warehouse for finished product after then carrying out metering packing, packaging, is produced the full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco
Chase after integrated fertilizer.The full Nutrient medium of the flue-cured tobacco chases after N, P in integrated fertilizer2O5、K2O mass ratio is 8:6:21, N+P2O5+K2O quality
Content is 35%, organic matter >=15%, amino acid >=2%.
The full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco of the present embodiment chases after the service condition of integrated fertilizer cell contrast test in cured tobacco production：
First, material and method：
1st, test material
Experimental cultivar is when landlord plants flue-cured tobacco cultivars；Experimental plot has a good transport service, physical features is smooth, fertility is uniform, row irrigation just
Profit, did not carry out fertilizer test in nearly 3 years；Experiment fertilizer used is the full Nutrient medium integrated fertilizer of tobacco and conventional fertilizer of the present embodiment
Material.
2nd, experimental design
Experiment sets 5 processing, each 3 repetitions of processing, totally 15 cells, per 80 plants of cigarettes of cell, each cell use with
Machine block design, each processing sets as follows：
T1：" 101 " method apply all common fertilizers (every mu of 70kg of base manure 8-10-10, every mu of 20kg of biofermentation cake fertilizer,
Every mu of 7.5kg of seed manure 20-9-0 is carried, topdress every mu of 30kg of 10-0-32, potassium sulfate 10kg)；(wherein, biofermentation cake fertilizer is hair
Ferment rapeseed cake fertilizer, its total nutrient >=8%, organic matter >=70%；Total nutrient >=28%, N-P of base manure2O5-K2O=8-10-10 is carried
Total nutrient >=29%, N-P of seed manure2O5-K2O=20-9-0, the total nutrient >=42%, N-P topdressed2O5-K2O=10-0-32)；
T2：Big cave ring applies all common fertilizers, and (every mu of 70kg of base manure 8-10-10, every mu of 20kg of biofermentation cake fertilizer, carries seedling
Fertile every mu of 7.5kg of 20-9-0, topdress every mu of 30kg of 10-0-32, potassium sulfate 10kg)；
T3：Big cave ring applies the full Nutrient medium of tobacco every mu of 115kg of integral fertilizer, and the later stage does not topdress；
T4：Big cave ring applies the integral fertilizer of full Nutrient medium (reducing 5% than T3)；
T5：Big cave ring applies the integral fertilizer of full Nutrient medium (reducing 10% than T3).
3rd, investigation index is respectively handled
(1) cigarette strain physiological index determining：30 days after transplanting, take within 45 days, 60 days, 75 days, 90 days each of a middle repetition
3-5 plants of the cigarette strain of individual processing, determines flue-cured tobacco root system volume, dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings, root activity, functional leaf chlorophyll content, carotenoid
Content, peroxidase, catalase and nitrate reductase activity and Photosynthetic Characteristics (technique center measure).
(2) each processing amount of labour used investigation：Investigation records each processing and beats cave, fertilising, the amount of labour used and use for transplanting three links
Work cost.
(3) flue-cured tobacco respectively handles breeding time investigation：Throughout reason center row chooses representational 20 plants of cigarette strain as fixed point
Following period is recorded in strain, observation：Transplanting time, group's phase, squaring period, Topping Stage, under, in, upper tobacco leaf maturity period, crop field it is complete
Breeding time.
(4) flue-cured tobacco respectively handles economical character investigation：Representational 10 plants of conducts of cigarette strain are chosen in each middle row of cells to determine
Point strain, 40 days after transplanting, investigates and records following economical character for 55 days, 75 days respectively：Plant height, the number of sheets, stem girth, plant uniformity,
Bottom maximum leaf area, middle part maximum leaf area, top maximum leaf area (leaf area=long * wide * 0.6345), tobacco leaf-layering fall
Yellow situation.
(5) Tobacco Diseases a situation arises investigation：In the high-incidence season of the Major Diseases such as tobacco mosaic disease, balck shank, rust,
Investigate the incidence of disease and disease index of each cell disease.Wherein incidence of disease %=(morbidity strain number/investigation total strain number) × 100%；
Disease index=∑ (diseased plants at different levels or the number of sheets × sick series) × 100/ (investigation total strain number or the sick series of the number of sheets × highest), disease
General point 0-4 grades of level, the determination of each disease disease index of diseased plant is with reference to relevant severity Scaling standard.
(6) presentation quality, economic characters investigation and sampling：During tobacco leaf maturation harvesting it is each it is small distinguish it is listed compile pole, it is unified
Under the conditions of toast, investigate it is roasting after the presentation quality that respectively handles of cigarette；Investigate each cell production, the output value, average price, upper, medium grade cigarette ratio,
Weight per leaf, takes C32 kilograms of F, B20.5 kilogram of F is used as sample cigarette, analysis Chemical Components of Tobacco Leaves, evaluation aesthetic quality.
2nd, result and analysis
1st, each processing amount of labour used analysis of survey results
Table 1 respectively handles amount of labour used investigation result
From the point of view of table 1, the big cave rings of T2-T4 apply processing, and kind plant hole is relatively large, and the amount of labour used relatively compares conventional fertilizer application and increased
Plus；In fertilising link, all fertilizer of T2-T4 processing all apply by disposable big cave ring, and control will also increase in addition to a cave fertilizer is applied
Plus waistline, it is special twice topdress and a potassium sulphate fertilizer, the administration of 4 fertilizer of increase more, therefore, each processing is in fertilising ring
The amount of labour used of section compares the aobvious reduction of illumination；Each processing is identical with to impinging upon the transplanting link amount of labour used.Three links add up to, big cave ring
Each processing of fertilising material is than control 2.06 amounts of labour used of every mu of reduction.
2. respectively handle flue-cured tobacco breeding time analysis of survey results
Each processing breeding time investigation result is shown in Table 2, from the point of view of table 2 respectively processing breeding time investigation result, the group of T3, T4 processing
Phase, squaring period and other processing of Topping Stage ratio 2-3 days in advance, respectively handle adopt the roasting phase and growing stage is basically identical.
Table 2 respectively handles breeding time investigation result
3rd, each processing flue-cured tobacco economical character analysis of survey results
40 days (group's phase) tobacco agronomy character investigation result after table 3 is transplanted for each processing, from each economical character of the flue-cured tobacco of table 3
From the point of view of investigation result, group phase T3 economical character indices synthesis is best, and the number of sheets is significantly higher than T1, and middle part maximum leaf area shows
Write and be higher than T2.T1 stem girths and the other processing of top leaf area ratio have a clear superiority, and stem girth is significantly higher than T2, T4, T5.T2、T4、
The processing of T5 tri- stretches root phase every economical character index close to unanimously, and three processing indices differences are not reaching to the level of signifiance.
Table 3 respectively handles after transplanting 40 days (group's phase) tobacco agronomy character investigation result
60 days (squaring period) tobacco agronomy character investigation result after table 4 is transplanted for each processing, from the point of view of table 4, squaring period is still
More with the obvious advantage than other processing with T3 fields growing way, plant height, the number of sheets, stem girth, middle part maximum leaf area highest, stem girth are noticeably greater than
T2, T5, bottom and top maximum leaf area are only second to T1.T1 fields growing way is in second, stem girth, bottom and top leaf area
Maximum, stem girth is noticeably greater than T2, T5, and bottom maximum leaf area is noticeably greater than other each processing.T4 fields growing way integrates the 3rd,
T5 with T2 fields growing way is close to consistent.Above analysis shows, the big disposable ring in cave applies the T3 of the full Nutrient medium integrated fertilizer of tobacco, is promoting
Enter and have a clear superiority all the time in terms of tobacco growth, identical fertilizing method, T4, T5 of fertilizer application amount reduction, flue-cured tobacco economical character with
T3, which is compared, have been declined.
Table 4 respectively handles 60 days (squaring period) tobacco agronomy character investigation result after transplanting
4th, each processing flue-cured tobacco root activity analysis of survey results
Fig. 1 is each processing different times cigarette strain root activity (μ g/g.h), as shown in Figure 1,30d and 45d, root system after transplanting
Vigor T3 ＞ T4 ＞ T2 ＞ T5 ＞ T1, difference is smaller between 30d root activity numerical value is respectively handled after transplanting；60d after transplanting, root system is lived
Power T3 ＞ T1 ＞ T2 ＞ T4 ＞ T5；90d after transplanting, root activity T3 ＞ T4 ＞ T2 ＞ T5 ＞ T1.
Shown by result above, flue-cured tobacco is increased into root activity difference between each processing after growth period, all the time with big
The T3 processing that the full Nutrient medium integrated fertilizer of tobacco is disposably applied in cave has obvious advantage, T4, T5 root activity of fertilizer application amount reduction
It has been declined that, maturity period and T1, T2 processing difference are little.
5th, each processing flue-cured tobacco nitrate reductase (NR) vigor analysis of survey results
Nitrate reductase is that, by the key enzyme that nitrate-nitrogen reduction is nitrite nitrogen, the enzymatic activity size represents plant nitrogen metabolism
Power.Fig. 2 is each processing different times tobacco leaf NR vigor (U/mg), from figure 2 it can be seen that 30d~70d, nitre after transplanting
Sour reductase activity shows T3 ＞ T4 ＞ T2 ＞ T5 ＞ T1 changing rule；90d after transplanting, then show as processing T3 ＞ T2
＞ T4 ＞ T5 ＞ T1 rule.Result above shows, disposable big cave ring applies the full Nutrient medium of novel tobacco, and to chase after integrated fertilizer processing roasting
Cigarette nitrogen metabolism is always maintained at higher level, and the T4 of nitrogen consumption reduction by 5% was handled before the dome phase, and nitrogen metabolism level is only second to
T3, compared with T1, T2 processing, maintains higher nitrogen metabolism level.
6th, each processing Tobacco Diseases analysis of survey results
Table 5 is reason incidence investigation everywhere, from the point of view of the different disposal disease survey result of table 5, T1 processing mosaic disease
The incidence of disease and the other processing of disease index ratio are of a relatively high, and the mosaic disease incidence of disease and disease index of T4 processing have than other processing
It is decreased obviously, the mosaic disease incidence of disease and disease index difference of tri- processing of T2, T3, T5 be not obvious.
Table 5 manages incidence investigation everywhere
| Processing | The incidence of disease (%) | Disease refers to | Occurring degree |
| T1 | 14.6 | 5.5 | Gently |
| T2 | 7.1 | 2.9 | Gently |
| T3 | 7.2 | 2.7 | Gently |
| T4 | 4.6 | 1.8 | Gently |
| T5 | 6.7 | 2.5 | Gently |
7. respectively handle the influence to flue-cured tobacco economic characters
Table 6 is each processing economic characters investigation result, from the point of view of the economic characters that table 6 is respectively handled, the economy of T3 processing
Shape indices integrate highest；Next to that T2 and T4 processing, the difference of two processing is not obvious；T1, T5 two processing yield, productions
Value performance is poor.Statistical analysis shows that T3 has reached the level of signifiance with T5 output value differences, and T3 reaches with T1 good smoke rate differences
The level of signifiance, difference is not notable between yield, average price, upper medium grade cigarette rate are respectively handled.
Table 6 respectively handles economic characters investigation result
8. respectively handle the influence to Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco
Table 7 is each processing tobacco leaf chemical composition analysis result, from the point of view of table 7, in each processing, upper leaf reduced sugar and nicotine
Content is higher, and nitrogen content is relatively low, and potassium, chlorinity are more suitable.The sugared alkali of middle leaf T1 processing is than relatively low, other 4 processing sugar
Alkali compares to be suitable.Upper leaf still handles sugared alkali than relatively low with T1, and chemical composition harmony is poor；T2, T3, T4 tobacco leaf are mainly changed
Study point more consistent, content of reducing sugar is suitable, and nicotine content is higher；The sugared alkali of T5 processing is better than T2, T3, T4 than harmony.
The tobacco leaf chemical composition analysis result of table 7
9. respectively handle the influence to flue-cured tobacco judging parameter
Each processing tobacco sensory quality smoking result is shown in Table 8, and smoking result shows：T3 smoking results are totally best, fragrance
Matter, perfume quantity, pleasant impression have a clear superiority than other processing, highest scoring of smokeing panel test, and quality scale is medium on the upper side；T2 smokes panel test matter
Amount is in second；T4 and control T1 judging parameters are basically identical；T5 perfume quantities, pleasant impression are significantly lower than other processing, and score is most
Low, quality scale is poor.This show big cave ring apply base chase after integrated fertilizer for improve flue-cured tobacco judging parameter have a clear superiority, nitrogen use
Amount reduction, reviewing prnciple has declined, and the processing judging parameter of reduction by 5% is close with compareing, and 10% judging parameter of reduction is obvious
Decline.
Table 8 respectively handles tobacco sensory quality smoking result
3rd, conclusion
1st, disposable big cave ring is applied processing and repeatedly topdressed due to reducing, and the fertilising link amount of labour used is greatly lowered, and T2~
T5 is respectively handled than control 2.06 recruitments of every mu of reduction.
2nd, big cave ring applies the full Nutrient medium of tobacco and chases after T3, T4 processing group's phase of integrated fertilizer, squaring period and Topping Stage and has ahead of time
Trend, T3 processing flue-cured tobacco economical character have a clear superiority all the time, fertilizer application amount reduction T4, T5, flue-cured tobacco economical character is
Decline.
3rd, T3 handles flue-cured tobacco root activity and the other processing of nitrate reductase activity ratio are in higher level, fertilizer application amount all the time
T4, T5 root activity of reduction have declined, little with T1, T2 processing difference.
4th, T3 handles economic characters indices and integrates highest, is reached respectively with the T5 output values, with the difference of T1 good smoke rates
The level of signifiance.Next to that T2 and T4, two processing differences are not obvious, the processing of T1, T5 two yield, output value performance are poor.Middle leaf
Conveniently, sugared alkali is preferable than harmony for T2-T5 main chemical compositions content.Upper leaf T5 nicotine contents are suitable, and sugared alkali is than coordinating
Property preferably, T2, T3, T4 Chemical Components of Tobacco Leaves are more consistent, and content of reducing sugar is suitable.
5th, big cave ring is applied the full Nutrient medium integrated fertilizer of tobacco and had a clear superiority for improving flue-cured tobacco judging parameter, aroma quality,
Perfume quantity, pleasant impression and highest scoring of smokeing panel test.
In summary, flue-cured tobacco applies the full Nutrient medium integrated fertilizer of tobacco of the present invention, compared to conventional flue-cured tobacco set meal fertilizer is applied, no
But growing for flue-cured tobacco can be promoted, moreover it is possible to improve its quality, the effect originally increased income with volume increase, increasing matter, drop.
The general principle and principal character and advantages of the present invention of the present invention has been shown and described above.The skill of the industry
Art personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and described in above-described embodiment and specification is explanation
The principle of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these
Changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and
Its equivalent thereof.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco chases after integrated fertilizer, it is characterised in that include the active princlple of following weight/mass percentage composition：
Active bio bacterial manure 20%~30%,
Secondary and micro-element fertilizers 2%~5%,
Inorganic fertilizer 65%~75%；
Wherein, the active bio bacterial manure be by mass content be respectively 50%~60% rapeseed meal, 20%~30% dregs of beans,
5%~10% sesame seed meal, 5%~10% peanut meal and 1%~2% EM are combined bacteria agent and expose oxygen hair using slot type machinery
The abundant fermentation maturity of ferment technique is formed；
The secondary and micro-element fertilizers refer to the fertilizer containing one or more of elements in magnesium, boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum；
The inorganic fertilizer be by mass percent be respectively 25%~35% ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 15%~25% MAP,
4%~8% potassium chloride, 25%~35% potassium sulfate, 5%~10% potassium nitrate mixture are formed.
2. the full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 1 chases after integrated fertilizer, it is characterised in that the secondary and micro-element fertilizers refer to
One or several kinds in magnesium sulfate, borax, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and ammonium molybdate.
3. the full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 1 chases after integrated fertilizer, it is characterised in that the full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco chases after one
Fertile inherent component target is：N+P2O5+K2O content is 30%~38%, organic matter >=15%, amino acid >=2%, nitre state
Nitrogen content accounts for mass fraction >=35% of total nitrogen.
4. the full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 chases after integrated fertilizer, it is characterised in that the slot type machinery
Expose aerobe fermentation mode of operation be：It is 50~80cm to control heap height, and width is 500~550cm, opens intelligent temperature monitoring
System and machinery expose oxygen equipment, and it is 55~60 DEG C to control highest fermentation temperature, when center fermentation temperature reaches highest control range
Blade type turner to be opened during temperature and carries out automatic turning throwing, a fermentation period needs to turn over throwing 4~5 times, fermentation period is 25~
35 days, and fermentation ends after fermentation temperature of charge is normal temperature.
5. the full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 1 chases after integrated fertilizer, it is characterised in that during tobacco planting, use
The mode that big cave ring is applied disposably applies the full Nutrient medium of the flue-cured tobacco and chases after integrated fertilizer, and dose is 110~125kg/ mus.
6. a kind of full Nutrient medium of flue-cured tobacco as described in any one of Claims 1 to 5 chases after the preparation method of integrated fertilizer, its feature exists
In comprising the following steps：
(1) content is chosen in rapeseed meal, dregs of beans, sesame seed meal and the compound bacteria agents of peanut meal addition EM by weight percentage, adjusts water
Sub-control system controls pH 6~8 35%~50%, and aerobe fermentation technique is exposed using slot type machinery after being then uniformly mixed
Deodorization produces active bio bacterial manure after abundant fermentation maturity, fermentation ends；The mode of operation that slot type machinery exposes aerobe fermentation is：
It is 50~80cm to control heap height, and width is 500~550cm, opens intelligent temperature monitoring system and machinery exposes oxygen equipment, control
Highest fermentation temperature processed is 55~60 DEG C, and blade type turner is opened when center fermentation temperature reaches highest control range temperature
Automatic turning throwing is carried out, a fermentation period needs to turn over throwing 4~5 times, and fermentation period is 25~35 days, and fermentation ends after fermentation thing
Material temperature degree is normal temperature；
(2) weigh by weight percentage ammonium nitrate phosphorus, MAP, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate mixing be made into inorganic fertilizer；
(3) rotary drum is carried out after mixing active bio bacterial manure, secondary and micro-element fertilizers and inorganic fertilizer after broken, uniform mixture to make
Grain coating, metering packing, that is, obtain the full Nutrient medium of finished product flue-cured tobacco and chase after integrated fertilizer.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107324871A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-11-07 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司 | A kind of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer suitable for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN107445709A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-12-08 | 湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high magnesium low-sulfur special base fertilizer for tobacco |
| CN107879837A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-04-06 | 沿河土家族自治县双强牧业有限责任公司 | A kind of special fertilizer for tobacco and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102267828A (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2011-12-07 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Special basal fertilizer used in ecological tobacco leaf plantation |
| CN102598947A (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2012-07-25 | 湖南金叶肥料有限责任公司 | Tobacco package fertilization method |
| CN104447034A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-03-25 | 湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司 | Special active fertilizer for lily, as well as preparation method thereof |
| CN105036984A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-11-11 | 湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司 | Microbial organic fertilizer and application of microbial organic fertilizer to tobacco planting |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102267828A (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2011-12-07 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Special basal fertilizer used in ecological tobacco leaf plantation |
| CN102598947A (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2012-07-25 | 湖南金叶肥料有限责任公司 | Tobacco package fertilization method |
| CN104447034A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-03-25 | 湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司 | Special active fertilizer for lily, as well as preparation method thereof |
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| CN107324871A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-11-07 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司 | A kind of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer suitable for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN107445709A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-12-08 | 湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high magnesium low-sulfur special base fertilizer for tobacco |
| CN107879837A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-04-06 | 沿河土家族自治县双强牧业有限责任公司 | A kind of special fertilizer for tobacco and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107011093B (en) | 2018-08-21 |
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