CN107007830A - 一种无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物的用途、疫苗及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物的用途、疫苗及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物的用途、疫苗及制备方法,中药多糖佐剂可通过免疫协同作用,与弓形体的免疫激活作用配合,多靶点高效激活抗肿瘤的某些特异免疫调控通路,特别是与杀伤性T细胞免疫激活有关的抗肿瘤免疫通路可用于治疗肿瘤及制备治疗肿瘤的生物药物,尤其用于治疗消化道肿瘤,特别是对胆管癌具有显著的治疗作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肿瘤生物治疗领域,具体涉及一种肿瘤药物、疫苗及制备方法。
背景技术
包括胆管癌在内的消化道肿瘤(包括胃癌、结直肠癌、肝胆胰癌等) 是我国的多发性癌症,严重威胁人民健康。胆管癌是一种起源于胆道上皮的高度恶性的肿瘤,胆管癌的发病率占消化道恶性肿瘤的3%,其发病率和死亡率,近年来在全球范围内持续增加,在我国胆管癌的发病率也在快速上升。胆管癌的增生性特点是肿瘤微血管极为丰富并且肿瘤基因异质性强,这使得诸如化疗放疗等辅助疗法治疗困难。目前,肿瘤的根治性切除和肝脏移植是已知的根治性治疗胆管癌方法,但由于胆管癌起病隐匿,易早期出现淋巴浸润及远处转移,患者住院时可能已经失去最佳手术时机,导致根治性切除率低且不稳定,术后年生存率极低。因此,迫切需要寻找新的胆管癌治疗方法。
肿瘤免疫治疗是目前国内外肿瘤研究的热点,肿瘤免疫治疗通过提高肿瘤细胞的免疫原性和对效应细胞杀伤的敏感性,激发和增强机体抗肿瘤免疫应答;目前肿瘤免疫治疗方法主要包括:单克隆抗体类免疫检查点抑制剂(如CTLA-4单抗、PD-1/PD-L1单抗等)、CAR-T细胞疗法、小分子抑制剂(如IDO)、肿瘤疫苗(如肿瘤抗原肽段疫苗、树突状细胞(DC)疫苗、溶瘤病毒疫苗等),以及生物治疗(如病原体疟原虫疫苗)等。虽然这些治疗方法在其他肿瘤的治疗中取得了一定的效果,但是对于胆管癌效果并不理想。
生物治疗涉及一切应用生物大分子进行治疗的方法,生物治疗通过调动宿主的天然防御机制或给予天然产生的针对性、靶向性很强的物质,来提高患者自身免疫能力,实现对肿瘤的治疗;目前生物治疗已成为继传统手术、放疗和化疗后最有发展前途的肿瘤治疗手段之一。生物治疗的一个重要特征是增强机体的免疫功能。大量的研究已表明,机体免疫系统对于肿瘤的发生发展具有重要的作用,作为肿瘤免疫防御系统,免疫系统可通过清除或抑制病毒感染来保护机体免受病毒诱发肿瘤;及时清除病原体和控制炎症防止建立有利于肿瘤发生的炎症环境;通过肿瘤免疫监视,特异性识别和消灭癌细胞或癌前细胞。目前研究表明,T淋巴细胞,尤其是CD8+T细胞是机体免疫系统监视和抑制肿瘤的最主要效应细胞。
虽然T细胞在许多肿瘤中存在并激活,但通常它们活性比较低,这可能主要归咎于抑制肿瘤微环境中T细胞的功能失调,肿瘤细胞为逃逸免疫监视发展了多种策略逃避或抑制T细胞应答:通过下调肿瘤细胞抗原或I类MHC分子,使T细胞发现不了肿瘤细胞;通过表达细胞毒性 T 细胞的抑制分子(PD-L1,CTLA-4)抑制肿瘤抗原特异性T细胞的活化;通过募集调节性T细胞或髓源性抑制细胞等抑制T细胞增殖和活化。肿瘤抗原特异性 T 细胞不但是机体免疫监视肿瘤的主要效应机制,同时也是肿瘤的免疫逃避的核心环节。如何有效激活机体T细胞免疫应答是目前肿瘤免疫治疗研究的重点。
弓形体(细胞内寄生病原体)是具有很强感染宿主细胞能力的单细胞真核微生物,感染后在宿主细胞内生存和复制,造成弓形体病,由于免疫正常宿主通常可通过免疫力清除弓形体感染,弓形体病相对危害小,目前多作为细胞内模式病原生物来研究。研究发现,弓形体感染宿主产生的细胞因子、化学因子,以及T细胞免疫反应具有良好的抗肿瘤效果。例如,50年前弓形体感染已被发现具有抗肿瘤效果,来自于死的弓形体的蛋白提取物被证明可抑制多种肿瘤的生长,包括纤维肉瘤、肺癌、黑色素瘤、肉瘤及化学方法诱导的肿瘤等。应用活的弓形体感染小鼠也被发现可抑制小鼠膀胱癌、脑肿瘤、白血病、Lewis肺癌、黑色素瘤等多种癌症的生长。然而,由于野生型弓形体的感染对宿主的危害问题,活的弓形体不太适合应用于肿瘤患者的治疗,另外癌症患者常伴有免疫力低下,更易于受到弓形体的感染伤害。
无毒株弓形体是一种通过同源重组特异敲除弓形体CPS基因的尿嘧啶营养缺陷型虫株,因其感染后不能在宿主细胞内复制而基本无毒。体外培养时可通过在培养基中添加一定浓度的尿嘧啶维持重组弓形体的正常侵袭和存活,但其不能在宿主细胞或小鼠体内复制,因此对宿主基本无毒,从而保证了疫苗的安全性。香菇多糖是从优质香菇子实体中提取的有效活性成分,是香菇的主要有效成分,主要为甘露糖甘肽,其余为多种糖分和各种氨基酸等,是一种宿主免疫增强剂,具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、调节免疫功能和刺激干扰素形成等作用,目前已广泛应用于胃癌、结直肠癌等的临床辅助治疗。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,一种无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物的用途、疫苗及制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物的用途,该组合物应用于治疗肿瘤及制备治疗肿瘤的药物。
进一步,该组合物应用于治疗消化道肿瘤及制备治疗消化道肿瘤的药物。
进一步,组合物应用于治疗胆管癌及制备治疗胆管癌的药物。
一种无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物制成的疫苗,用于治疗肿瘤。
进一步,无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物制成的疫苗用于治疗消化道肿瘤。
进一步,无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物制成的疫苗用于治疗胆管癌。
上述疫苗的制备方法为:用无毒株弓形体感染HFF细胞,用选择培养基进行培养,从HFF细胞离心收集新鲜破壁的无毒株弓形体,用PBS振荡溶解中药多糖,然后将收集的无毒株弓形体重悬于中药多糖佐剂中制成疫苗。
进一步,中药多糖佐剂选自香菇多糖、黄芪多糖、人参多糖或灵芝多糖中的一种或多种,优选香菇多糖佐剂。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物疫苗可用于治疗肿瘤及制备治疗肿瘤的药物,尤其用于治疗消化道肿瘤,特别是对胆管癌具有显著的治疗作用。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图1是弓形体CPSⅡ6.6Kb基因片段的PCR结果示意图;
图2是重组质粒 pBluescript/CPSⅡ结构示意图;
图3是重组质粒 pBluescript/CPS/HXG结构示意图;
图4是重组质粒pBluescript/CPSⅡ/HXG的HindIII酶切结果图;
图5是PCR鉴定CPS基因敲除的无毒株弓形体的结果图;
图6是胆管瘤(CA)的发生率比较图;
图7是胆管瘤(CA)的肿瘤个数比较图;
图8是胆管癌(CCA)的发生率比较图;
图9是胆管癌(CCA)的肿瘤个数比较图。
具体实施方式
一种无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物的用途,该组合物应用于治疗肿瘤及制备治疗肿瘤的药物,目前的药物研究表明,香菇多糖、黄芪多糖、人参多糖、灵芝多糖对肿瘤具有治疗效果,本发明的中药多糖分别采用自香菇多糖、黄芪多糖、人参多糖、灵芝多糖中的一种、任一两种及两种以上的混合物。
中药多糖佐剂可通过免疫协同作用,与弓形体的免疫激活作用配合,多靶点高效激活抗肿瘤的某些特异免疫调控通路,特别是与杀伤性T细胞免疫激活有关的抗肿瘤免疫通路,通过腹腔注射小鼠实验证明,对膀胱癌、脑肿瘤、白血病、Lewis肺癌、黑色素瘤等多种癌症具有一定治疗作用,对治疗消化道肿瘤具有明显的治疗效果,对胆管癌的治疗效果尤为显著,因此,这里的中药多糖是指从植物药、菌类中提取,对肿瘤具有治疗效果的多糖,在本发明的研发及实验过程中,中药多糖一般采用香菇多糖。
无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂的组合物可以制成用于治疗肿瘤的疫苗,该疫苗的制备方法为:无毒株弓形体感染HFF细胞(人包皮成纤维细胞)(ATCC),用选择培养基(DMEM+3%FBS+100 U/ml青霉素+100μg/ml链霉素+25μg/ml霉酚酸+50μg/ml黄嘌呤+250μM尿嘧啶)进行培养,从HFF细胞离心收集新鲜破壁的无毒弓形体,用PBS振荡溶解香菇多糖(山西泰盛制药有限公司,国药准字H20064611),然后将收集的无毒弓形体重悬于香菇多糖佐剂中。
疫苗需要冷冻保存,保存时无毒株弓形体的浓度要大于2×107个/mL,冷冻液是:选择培养基+20%FBS+10%DMSO或选择培养基+15%乙二醇,疫苗在-80℃可保存1年以上,在液氮条件下可保存5年。使用时配在选择培养基+15%乙二醇的细胞保护液里,在4℃下可保存2-3天。
无毒株弓形体的制备方法如下(参见参考文献:1:Nature 2002, 415(6874):926-9;2:Infect Immun 2010, 78(9):3744-5;3:J Vis Exp 2013(77):e50598):
1、pBluescript/CPSⅡ质粒的构建
利用PCR技术,从弓形体基因组扩增两端含有限制性内切酶HindШ识别位点的CPSⅡ6.6Kb基因片段。利用 Easy pure gel extraction kit胶回收试剂盒(北京全式金(Transgen Biotech),货号是#EG101)回收PCR产物。用HindIII(New England Biolabs公司,货号是#R0104)酶切6.6Kb DNA片段,并用DNA clean-up kit试剂盒(康为生物(CWbiotech, Beijing),货号是#CW2301M)回收酶切的产物,结果参照图1,命名为CPSⅡ6.6Kb。利用PCR技术使线性化pBluescript vector带CPS Ⅱ基因序列接头,产物命名为pBluescript vector(Stratagene)。利用无缝连接试剂盒Trelief™ SoSoo Cloning Kit(北京擎科,货号是TSV-V1),连接pBluescript vector和CPSⅡ6.6Kb。利用热激法将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌(天根生化科技有限公司,货号#CB104)。利用Easy pure plasmidminiPrep kit(北京全式金(Transgen Biotech),货号是#EM101)抽提质粒,由北京擎科测序鉴定,结果参照图2,获得pBluescript/CPSⅡ质粒。
2、pBluescript/CPSⅡ/HXG质粒的构建
设计含有接头的引物,利用PCR技术,从Pmini-HXG质粒扩增筛选标记HXGPRT,利用Easypure gel extraction kit胶回收试剂盒(北京全式金(Transgen Biotech),货号是#EG101)纯化DNA,命名为HXG(BamHI)。用BamHІ酶(New England Biolabs公司,货号是#R0136)切重组质粒pBluescript/CPSⅡ。利用Easy pure gel extraction kit胶回收试剂盒(北京全式金(Transgen Biotech),货号是#EG101)回收大片段的线性载体,命名为pBluescript/CPSⅡ(BamHІ)。利用公司的无缝连接试剂盒Trelief™ SoSoo Cloning Kit(北京擎科,货号是TSV-V1),连接pBluescript/CPSⅡ(BamHІ)和HXG(BamHІ)。利用热激法将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌。 利用Easy pure plasmid miniPrep kit(北京全式金(Transgen Biotech),货号是#EM101)抽提质粒,由北京擎科测序鉴定,结果参照图3,获得重组质粒pBluescript/CPSⅡ/HXG。利用无内毒素中提试剂盒(天根生化科技有限公司,货号#DP117)抽提重组质粒pBluescript/CPSⅡ/HXG。用NEB公司的HindIII(New EnglandBiolabs公司,货号是#R0104)酶切质粒,结果参照图4。利用Easy pure gel extractionkit胶回收试剂盒(北京全式金(Transgen Biotech),货号是#EG101)回收并乙醇沉淀纯化大片段DNA,获得CPSⅡ/HXG(HindIII)片段。
3、无毒株弓形体cps的构建
将CPSⅡ/HXG(HindIII)片段利用电穿孔系统(美国BTX ECM830 电穿孔仪)转至弓形体(RHΔku80Δhxgprt),将电转的弓形体接种到HFF细胞,利用含Mycophenolic acid 25 μg/mL、Xanthine 50 μg/mL、Uracil 250μM的DMEM培养基培养筛选目的弓形体并进行PCR验证,结果参照图5。
4、无毒株弓形体和香菇多糖佐剂组合物疫苗用于治疗胆管癌实验
胆管癌小鼠模型参照参考文献(Gastroenterology 2011,141(1):378-88)进行。简而言之,Balb/c小鼠每周腹腔注射二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)2次,连续2周,2周后行左和中胆管结扎,1周后进行DEN口服给药。同时在小鼠胆管癌建模过程,用香菇多糖和无毒株弓形体联合疫苗进行治疗。从HFF细胞离心收集新鲜破壁的无毒弓形体,用PBS振荡溶解香菇多糖(山西泰盛制药有限公司,国药准字H20064611),然后将收集的无毒弓形体重悬于香菇多糖佐剂中制备联合疫苗。分别在小鼠胆管癌建模的第2、5、9、12、17、18、20、22周,腹腔注射疫苗,无毒弓形体的剂量是1×106个/小鼠,香菇多糖佐剂的剂量是40mg/kg。分四组:无治疗组,PBS;香菇多糖治疗组,lentinan;无毒株弓形体治疗组,cps;香菇多糖和无毒株弓形体联合治疗组,cps + Lentinan。28周观察小鼠胆管肿瘤形成情况,参照图6至图9,结果显示,与无治疗组相比较,无毒株弓形体治疗可显著降低胆管瘤和胆管癌的发生率及肿瘤数目,而无毒株弓形体和香菇多糖佐剂组合物联合治疗的效果更为明显,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
Claims (9)
1.一种无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物的用途,该组合物应用于治疗肿瘤及制备治疗肿瘤的药物。
2.一种无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物的用途,该组合物应用于治疗消化道肿瘤及制备治疗消化道肿瘤的药物。
3.一种无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物的用途,该组合物应用于治疗胆管癌及制备治疗胆管癌的药物。
4.一种无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物制成的疫苗,用于治疗肿瘤。
5.一种无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物制成的疫苗,用于治疗消化道肿瘤。
6.一种无毒株弓形体和中药多糖佐剂组合物制成的疫苗,用于治疗胆管癌。
7.上述权利要求4-6所述疫苗的制备方法为:用无毒株弓形体感染HFF细胞,用选择培养基进行培养,从HFF细胞离心收集新鲜破壁的无毒株弓形体,用PBS振荡溶解中药多糖,然后将收集的无毒株弓形体重悬于中药多糖佐剂中制成疫苗。
8.上述权利要求1-6中,中药多糖佐剂选自香菇多糖、黄芪多糖、人参多糖、灵芝多糖中的一种或多种。
9.上述权利要求1-6中,中药多糖佐剂选用香菇多糖佐剂。
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