CN107006108A - 改进的自动照明装置中的灯色温稳定性 - Google Patents

改进的自动照明装置中的灯色温稳定性 Download PDF

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CN107006108A
CN107006108A CN201580065384.8A CN201580065384A CN107006108A CN 107006108 A CN107006108 A CN 107006108A CN 201580065384 A CN201580065384 A CN 201580065384A CN 107006108 A CN107006108 A CN 107006108A
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temperature
lamp
cover
lighting device
power
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CN107006108B (zh
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P·尤里克
J·瓦尔哈日
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Rob lighting company
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/60Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air
    • F21V29/61Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air characterised by control arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/60Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air
    • F21V29/67Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air characterised by the arrangement of fans
    • F21V29/673Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air characterised by the arrangement of fans the fans being used for intake
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/60Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air
    • F21V29/67Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air characterised by the arrangement of fans
    • F21V29/677Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air characterised by the arrangement of fans the fans being used for discharging
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V3/00Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02Details
    • H01J61/04Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06Main electrodes
    • H01J61/073Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02Details
    • H01J61/52Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Means for circulating gas or vapour within the discharge space
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02Details
    • H01J61/56One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/288Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
    • H05B41/2881Load circuits; Control thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/288Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
    • H05B41/292Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2928Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the lamp against abnormal operating conditions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36Controlling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/16Controlling the light source by timing means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/60Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air
    • F21V29/67Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air characterised by the arrangement of fans
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21WINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/40Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use
    • F21W2131/406Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use for theatres, stages or film studios
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B31/00Electric arc lamps
    • H05B31/0057Accessories for arc lamps
    • H05B31/0066Saving arrangements; Ventilation devices

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明描述了HID灯(30)的壳的温度的动态控制,以稳定灯的输出色温。当灯功率改变或环境因素改变灯壳温度时,系统感测到这些变化并调节灯冷却系统(42a,42b),以便将灯壳温度移回所需点。

Description

改进的自动照明装置中的灯色温稳定性
相关申请
本申请要求于2014年10月1日提交的临时申请US62/058,551的优先权。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及灯的色温控制,更具体地涉及在自动照明装置中使用的高强度放电灯的色温。
背景技术
具有自动和远程可控功能的照明装置在娱乐和建筑照明市场上是公知的。这样的产品常用于剧院、电视演播室、音乐会、主题公园、夜总会和其他场所。通常的产品通常提供对照明装置的平移和倾斜功能的控制,允许操作者控制照明装置指向的方向,从而控制光束在舞台上或者在演播室中的位置。通常这种位置控制通过控制照明装置在两个正交旋转轴线上的位置而完成,被称为平移和倾斜。许多产品提供对其他参数的控制,例如强度、颜色、焦点、光束尺寸、光束形状和光束图案。附图1说明了通常的多参数自动照明装置系统10。这些系统通常包括多个多参数自动照明装置12,其通常每个都装载了光源(未图示)、光调制装置、耦合至机械传动系统的电动马达和控制电路(未图示)。除了直接或通过电力调配系统(未图示)连接至主电源,每个照明装置串联或并联连接至数据链路14至一个或多个控制台15。操作者通常通过控制台15控制照明装置系统10。
为了实现这种系统所需的高亮度,通常使用高强度放电(HID:High IntensityDischarge)灯。短弧和中弧HID灯从通过电弧产生的等离子体云产生光,该电弧保持在密封的石英壳内的两个相邻电极之间。附图2表示能够使用的HID灯的例子30。电极32和电极33被封闭在密封的石英壳38内并且通过导线35连接至基座36和电气连接件37。在娱乐照明装置中使用的HID灯通常使用在两个电极之间的非常小的电弧间隙34,大约为1mm至5mm,来提供低展度光源,其有助于设计用于投射图像和颜色的高质量光学系统。通过灯发出的光的光谱是通过电离和发射稀土与气体的混合物产生的,这些稀土和气体包含在壳38内。当加热至电弧的等离子体温度时,这些成分中的每一个的发射光谱结合以产生用于灯的总发射光谱。该灯制造商仔细选择灯填充的成分的混合物,以制造具有在所需色温接近于黑体发射体的光谱的白光输出。例如,对制造商来说,HID灯通常具有5600K的目标色温或日光是常见的。生产具有为3200K、7000K、10000K的目标色温以及其他常用于电视摄像机、电影摄像机或现场观众的娱乐照明业务的白点的灯也是常见的。
这种灯的一个明显问题是维持所需目标色温的稳定性。随着电极的逐渐消失的电弧间隙的微小的变化和灯壳的温度波动可对发射构成组合光谱的光谱的成分的精确混合物造成明显变化。例如,当温度在壳内下降,则发射特定波长的光的某些成分可能会脱离电离云,或改变其输出,从而影响所得的输出光谱,并影响输出色温。灯制造商们能够试图通过将内石英壳38封闭在第二壳(未图示)内来缓解这种变化,以提供初步温度控制。然而,这样的设计仍然不稳定并且该色温可能会有明显变化。
希望改变灯消耗的功率以控制其亮度也是常见的。不幸的是,灯功率的任何变化都会影响灯的工作温度,从而将会影响输出色温。现有技术系统已经使用了风扇冷却系统来尝试稳定灯温度,但是这些是无效的并且操作起来很慢,允许在观众可见的灯输出色温中出现大幅度变化。
有利的是,提供一种系统,能够提供对HID灯的壳的温度连续和动态地控制以稳定灯的输出色温。
附图说明
为了更全面地理解本发明及其优点,现在结合附图参考以下描述,其中相同的附图标记表示相同的特征,其中:
附图1说明了典型的现有技术的自动照明系统;
附图2说明了典型的HID灯;并且
附图3说明了本发明的实施例。
具体实施方式
在附图中示出了本发明的优选实施例,相同的附图标记用于表示各张附图的相同和对应部分。
本发明一般涉及对灯的色温的控制,更具体地涉及在自动照明装置中使用的高强度放电灯的色温。
在一个实施例中,本发明使用了用于HID灯的严格温度受控的罩40以将灯壳温度保持在紧密公差内,并且因此保持从灯输出的光的色温在紧密公差内。
附图3说明本发明的一个实施例。高强度放电(HID)灯30包含电极32和电极33,其被封装在密封的石英壳38中,并通过导线35连接至基座36。基座36能够连接至灯连接件44,可以形成从该灯连接件44至控制机构(未图示)的电气连接。在操作中,跨电弧间隙34形成电弧,制造包含高温等离子体的局部区域。该等离子体激发包含在壳38内的稀土和气体的混合物,从而发出特有的光谱。形成光输出光谱的成分光谱对壳38的温度敏感。灯30包含在罩40内,罩40提供受控制的环境。空气可通过可控风扇或鼓风机42b进入罩40,并且可以通过可控风扇或鼓风机42a离开罩。来自灯30的光能够通过反射装置41引导和控制。罩46的一个面能够是由透明材料制造的窗口,用于使来自灯30和反射装置41的光离开。透明窗口46能够是平面的、弯曲的、分面的或本领域已知的任何形状。透明窗口46能够是玻璃、石英或其他透明材料。透明窗口46可以具有包括但不限于二向色热镜、彩色二向色镜、耐热涂层的涂层。
罩40可还包含多个温度传感器:48a、48b、48c、48d、和48e。这些温度传感器构成为读取灯的关键点、罩以及离开和进入的空气的温度。例如,温度传感器48a和48c能够测量在罩40上的不同点的温度。温度传感器48e能够测量灯基座36或灯夹的温度。温度传感器48b能够测量通过可控风扇42b进入的空气的温度,并且温度传感器42a能够测量通过可控风扇42a排出空气的温度。另外,远程温度传感器例如48f能够根据需要在照明装置的其他地方使用。
在操作中,所有温度传感器48a-48f、可控风扇42a和42b连接至中央控制器50并通过中央控制器50控制。在制造和测试中,控制器50能够用罩40、灯30、温度传感器48a-48f和风扇42a和42b的位置和参数的配置知识配置。该知识包含各种连接项目的时间常数,以及作为灯功率、温度、和风扇速度的函数的加热或冷却灯壳38和灯夹所需的时间。控制器50中的算法能够构成为操作罩40和灯壳38(作为参数化的闭环系统)的温度控制,使得所有温度被监控,并且根据需要监控升高和降低风扇速度,以保持灯壳38的温度在恒定点。
该控制系统可访问照明计划,照明计划包含作为时间函数的当灯被调暗时或正在经历的其他可能影响壳温度的活动时的计划灯功率,这样可以主动调解风扇速度,以允许从灯功率的任何特定变化发生的预测温度变化。例如,特定的灯能够在1700W、1500W、1200W、900W或其他瓦数下操作同时保持恒定的灯温度,和由此的恒定光输出色温。在其他实施例中,保持色温恒定可能需要灯温度的变化。
在另一个实施例中,灯能够构成为在单元被关闭或者停电而不发出光时以极低的功率运行。在现有技术的产品中,这导致灯温度明显降低,转而产生高得多的输出色温。当该灯从停电中开启并恢复到全功率时,该高色温是显而易见的,如同灯加热时的色温变化一样,不利于观看者或电视摄像机。然而,使用本发明的系统,控制器50能够识别停电状况并且自动降低风扇速度,使灯温度保持在正确水平。然后,当该灯从停电开启,输出光的色温将正确并稳定。
在本发明的另外的实施例中,使用不同数量和位置的温度传感器。
附图3中说明了单端HID灯的特殊类型。本发明不限于此,在本领域中已知的任何类型的灯,单端、双端、整体反射器,和其他类型的灯能够在本发明的实施例中使用。
虽然已经参照有限数量的实施例描述了本发明,但受益于本发明的本领域技术人员将理解可以设想出不脱离公开的本发明的范围的其他实施例。因此,本发明的范围应当仅被所附权利要求限制。
详细描述了本发明,应当理解,在不脱离由所附权利要求书描述的本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以进行各种变更、替换和修改。

Claims (9)

1.一种自动照明装置,包括:
光源,所述光源基于其操作条件的变化产生不同色温的光;
罩,所述罩用于所述光源且具有风扇,所述风扇将空气流引入和排出所述罩;
温度传感器,所述温度传感器监控影响所述罩内部温度的温度;以及
控制器,所述控制器基于预编程的灯光表演,以历史和预期的方式监控作为时间的函数的灯的功率,并监控操作温度,以及控制气流以考虑到施加于灯的功率保持操作温度,以优化作为时间的函数的恒定的灯输出色温。
2.一种自动照明装置,包括:
光源,所述光源基于其操作条件的变化产生不同色温的光;
罩,所述罩用于所述光源且具有风扇,所述风扇将空气流引入和排出所述罩;
温度传感器,所述温度传感器监控影响所述罩内部温度的温度;以及
控制器,所述控制器监控灯的功率和操作温度,并控制气流以考虑到施加于灯的功率保持操作温度,以使得灯输出色温保持恒定。
3.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置,其中,
所述罩中的温度保持恒定,独立于施加的功率。
4.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置,其中,
所述罩中的目标温度取决于施加于灯的驱动功率。
5.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置,其中,
监控的温度包含所述罩中的温度和输入空气温度。
6.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置,其中,
所述监控的温度包含所述罩中的温度、输入空气温度、和输出空气温度。
7.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置,其中,
所述监控的温度包含所述罩中的温度、输入空气温度、和输出空气温度环境空气温度。
8.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置,其中,
所述监控的温度包含在所述罩的多个位置处的温度。
9.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置,其中,
所述监控的温度包含在灯基座的温度。
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