CN107005155A - 用于运行开关技术装置的方法 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/1563—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators without using an external clock
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/04—Generating or distributing clock signals or signals derived directly therefrom
- G06F1/10—Distribution of clock signals, e.g. skew
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/285—Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/16—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
- H02M3/1586—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2215/00—Reducing interference at the transmission system level
- H04B2215/064—Reduction of clock or synthesizer reference frequency harmonics
- H04B2215/067—Reduction of clock or synthesizer reference frequency harmonics by modulation dispersion
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种开关转换器,其具有用于提供输入电压的输入接口、用于提供至少一个输出电压的输出接口、用于将所提供的输入电压转换成至少一个输出电压的其中一个的电压转换装置以及用于提供工作时钟脉冲的时钟发生器,其中时钟发生器被构造为,使得时钟发生器提供经调制的基本时钟脉冲作为工作时钟脉冲。本发明还涉及一种具有至少一个这种开关转换器的控制器。此外本发明涉及一种用于运行这种开关转换器的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种开关转换器、一种控制器以及一种用于运行开关转换器的方法。
背景技术
开关转换器具有的技术功能是将电压从第一电压水平转换成至少一个第二电压水平。这可从低电压(例如13.5V)转换成高电压(例如33V)。此外还有将高电压(例如33V)转换成低电压(例如6V)的开关转换器。电压转换器具有至少一个基本上固定的工作时钟脉冲,例如2MHz。
由于电压转换器的技术功能将产生寄生电磁干扰。该干扰部分地与工作时钟脉冲有直接关联。以2MHz的工作时钟脉冲运行的开关转换器产生具有2MHz间隔的谐波失真。各个干扰源的振幅和干扰最大的频率取决于开关转换器的结构。
干扰经常导致需要附加措施以使得例如使用开关转换器的控制器符合有关(电磁)辐射的法律要求或客户要求。
各项措施之一是工作时钟脉冲的受控变化。该变化通常被称为抖动。时钟脉冲的变化通常被调节为开关转换器控制器尚可合理处理的最大的频率变化。其背后的想法是,最大的频率变化引起最大限度的辐射降低。
该技术的缺点是,在此仅发生辐射的局部优化(一个频率范围)且并未考虑所有内容,例如其他频率范围或在这种开关转换器附近的无线电接收。
由根据现有技术的开关转换器引起的干扰通常不是由直接解调产生,而是通过与超短波(UKW)发送器的互调效应由间接解调产生。还存在的效应是,开关转换器的辐射具有“合适的”频率并且与超短波发送器的叠加频谱结合而通过直接解调(不期望地)可被听到。
发明内容
在此背景下提出了具有权利要求1所述特征的开关转换器、具有权利要求8所述特征的控制器以及具有权利要求9所述特征的用于运行开关转换器的方法,其电磁辐射得以优化并且在其中考虑了对超短波无线电接收的影响。
这种开关转换器尤其具有用于提供输入电压的输入接口、用于提供至少一个输出电压的输出接口、用于将所提供的输入电压转换成至少一个输出电压的其中一个的电压转换装置、用于提供工作时钟脉冲的时钟发生器。
通过将时钟发生器设计为使得其提供经调制的基本时钟脉冲作为工作时钟脉冲,由此实现的是,优化了开关转换器的电磁辐射并且考虑了开关转换器对在这种无线电转换器附近发生的超短波无线电接收的影响。
在本文中基本时钟脉冲可理解为由合适的时钟单元、例如振荡器提供的时钟脉冲。通常这种时钟单元具有一定的容差。
在本文中工作时钟脉冲可理解为其他部件的时钟发生器提供的时钟脉冲。基于该时钟脉冲运行开关转换器的其他部件。
在本文中频率调制可理解为将时钟发生器的基本时钟脉冲作为载波频率借助于调制频率在预定的频率偏移范围内改变。
频率调制通过其参数来描述。这些参数为:
载波频率(fT),其为被调制的信号。
调制频率(fS),其为被调制到载波频率fT的信号。
频率偏移(ΔfT),在此表示由调制引起的载波频率fT的变化。
变化或扫频(fS_sweep)表示用以使调制频率变化的频率。
在本文中电磁辐射理解为开关转换器的电磁放射。该放射可导致在相邻电子系统或电气系统中的干扰。特别是可在超短波无线电接收中通过电磁放射产生可听到的、可感知的假象,其特别是在较弱的无线电接收时损害收听体验(杂音、噪声等)。
为了测量电磁辐射存在不同的测量技术:平均值检测器(AVG,信号的平均值评估)、峰值检测器(PK,信号的峰值评估)、准峰值检测器(QPK,信号的时间加权峰值评估)。其他评估因素为触发宽度/测量带宽(RBW),这代表“频率选择性测量窗口”。典型的数值为9kHz,120kHz,1MHz。另一评估因素为每个频率点的测量时长。
由根据现有技术的开关转换器引起的干扰通常不是由直接解调产生,而是通过例如与常规超短波发送器的互调效应由间接解调产生。
根据本发明,直接的、即干扰性的或可听到的解调在具有和没有超短波发送器的情况下都不会有,因为所使用的调制频率fS不是超短波传输的频率。在通过互调效应的间接解调中,通过所使用的频率fS和调制周期时长以如下方式影响解调信号,使得在噪音水平非常强时产生(大气)噪声的听觉印象。在噪音水平较弱时该干扰不会被识别。
根据本发明的开关转换器的其他有利的设计方案由从属权利要求以及以下对实施方式的说明中得到。
在开关转换器的一个有利的设计方案中,时钟发生器调制基本时钟脉冲,该基本时钟脉冲具有预定的频率偏移和一个或多个预定的调制频率和至少一个预定的调制周期时长。
在此有利的是,彼此等距地设置多个调制频率。由此可特别方便地实现调制。
在一种替代的实施方式中,多个调制频率彼此具有对数间距。由此可实现特别良好地优化电磁辐射。
调制周期时长有利地位于5ms至15ms之间,优选位于10ms至11.1ms之间。通过调制周期时长的这种选择以及非用于超短波无线电广播的调制频率的相应选择,实现了在高噪音水平下电磁干扰被感知为(大气)噪声。
一个或多个调制频率有利地位于10kHz至20kHz之间,优选位于16kHz至18kHz之间。如果调制频率位于用于超短波无线电广播的频率带之外,则防止电磁辐射的直接解调。
频率偏移有利地小于基本时钟脉冲的15%,优选小于基本时钟脉冲的10%,特别是基本上为基本时钟脉冲的9%。
一般而言,关于开关转换器所介绍的控制原理也适用于其他的“开关的”干扰。在例如频率偏移、基本时钟脉冲/工作时钟脉冲等参数偏离时,必须重新校准其余的“没偏离的”参数。
如果“碰到彼此的”边带相互调整为使得其也足以在所要求的测量中“消失”,则可最大限度地降低辐射。在参数被设置错误时,使用频率调制可能比不使用频率调制导致更高的测量辐射水平。这同样也适用于所使用的调制频率fs。这些必须在频率和调制周期时长上适配于不应受到干扰的无线电通讯服务。
下面详细说明根据本发明的开关转换器的实施方式。
试验已表明,当调制频率fS_sweep位于17至18kHz之间并且彼此以对数间距分布时以及当使用10ms的调制周期时长时,在基本时钟脉冲fT为1.875MHz并且频率偏移ΔfT为9%的情况下可实现特别良好地优化辐射。
在此设置下可实现最大限度地降低测量辐射。另一点是,在超短波无线电接收中不会出现可识别的干扰噪声。所接收的干扰信号被(间接)解调并且仅可作为噪声被听到。该噪声与在没有接收到超短波发送器时可听到的大气噪声没有区别。
另一有利的实施方式具有以下设置。基本时钟脉冲fT为1.875MHz(±5%容差)。所使用的频率偏移ΔfT为9%(相对于基本时钟脉冲)。调制频率fS_sweep实施为7个单频(16.2kHz;16.5kHz;16.8kHz;17.1kHz;17.4kHz;17.7kHz;18.0kHz)。调制周期时长fS_sweep为11.1ms。
该设置已表明在FM信号质量和易实施性方面是最佳方案。
以下表格基于前述实施方式示出了根据本发明的开关转换器的通过测量技术确定的降噪潜力。
特定频率调制的降噪潜力:
1MHz–30MHz范围:
RBW:9kHz
设置 | 最大PK | 最大AVG | PK降低 | AVG降低 |
没有调频 | 125dBμV | 125dBμV | - | - |
有调频 | 115dBμV | 114dBμV | 10dB | 11dB |
76MHz–108MHz范围:
RBW:9kHz
设置 | 最大PK | 最大AVG | PK降低 | AVG降低 |
没有调频 | 92dBμV | 92dBμV | - | - |
有调频 | 79dBμV | 68dBμV | 13dB | 25dB |
RBW:120kHz
设置 | 最大PK | 最大AVG | PK降低 | AVG降低 |
没有调频 | 92dBμV | 92dBμV | - | - |
有调频 | 85dBμV | 78dBμV | 7dB | 14dB |
附图说明
在此提出的方法在下文中借助于附图通过示例予以详细阐释。其中:
图1示出了根据本发明的开关转换器的示意图;
图2示出了示例性的频率调制的频谱图;
图3示出了现有技术的开关转换器的辐射图谱;
图4示出了根据本发明的开关转换器的辐射图谱;
图5示出了频率调制的频谱图和生成的测量信号;
图6示出了根据本发明的开关转换器的辐射图谱,其具有1.8725MHz的基本时钟脉冲和9%的频率偏移;
图7示出了现有技术的开关转换器的辐射图谱;
图8示出了根据本发明的开关转换器的辐射图谱;
图9示出了根据本发明的方法的流程图。
在以下对本发明的有利实施例的说明中,对于在不同附图中示出的且作用相似的元件使用相同或相似的附图标记,其中省略了对这些元件的重复说明。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的开关转换器1的示意图。开关转换器1具有用于提供输入电压Vin的输入接口10、用于提供至少一个输出电压Vout的输出接口11、用于将所提供的输入电压Vin转换成至少一个输出电压Vout的其中一个的电压转换装置12。此外根据本发明的开关转换器1具有时钟发生器13,该时钟发生器提供经调制的基本时钟脉冲ClkGrund作为工作时钟脉冲Clkmoduliert。
图2示出了示例性的频率调制的频谱图。用于所示的频率调制FM的设置如下:
载波频率fT:100MHz
频率偏移ΔfT:100kHz
调制频率fS:1kHz
在载频“左侧和右侧”所示的频谱为上边带和下边带。
图3示出了现有技术的开关转换器的辐射频谱,其具有1.87525MHz的工作时钟脉冲。开关转换器的噪声频谱由其转换器扼流圈的矩形控制给定。该矩形在频谱上由许多谐波正弦波组成,这些谐波正弦波分别为基频的整数倍(1、2、3、4、5、…)。频谱的振幅取决于开关转换器的负载情况。此外谐波彼此的振幅比取决于转换器扼流圈的矩形控制的脉冲间隔比。实线表示根据平均值检测器(AVG)的频谱并且粗虚线表示根据峰值检测器(PK)的频谱。
图4包括两个图,其示出了根据本发明的具有2MHz基本时钟脉冲ClkGrund的开关转换器1的辐射频谱(基频/第一谐波)。该信号由2MHz的载波频率fT与7个重叠的上边带和下边带组成,这些边带由信号频率fS_sweep(16.2kHz;16.5kHz;16.8kHz;17.1kHz;17.4kHz;17.7kHz;18.0kHz)给定。上图表示根据峰值检测器(PK)的频谱。下图表示根据平均值检测器(AVG)的频谱。
图5示出了频率调制FM的频谱图和生成的测量信号。在所使用的测量带宽(RBW)为9kHz且测量时长为1s时边带的单个频率不“可见”。这导致单个频谱线不可通过测量技术解析。
此外各个频率线(正弦信号)具有彼此不同的相位位置。这由不同的相位速度(频率)给定。生成的测量信号的振幅为各个频率线振幅之和。这些可通过重叠来增加或减少。
图6示出了根据本发明的开关转换器1的辐射频谱,其具有1.8725MHz的基本时钟脉冲ClkGrund和9%的频率偏移ΔfT。在对开关转换器的辐射更宽频谱的观察中也可在谐波中看出根据本发明的基本时钟脉冲ClkGrund调制的影响。
如已在图3和图4中所示,在图6中的辐射频谱同样借助于根据峰值检测器(PK)的粗虚线且借助于根据平均值检测器(AVG)的实线表示。
从大约10MHz起可看出的另一效应是,谐波的边带互相接近。这可通过以下事实解释,即例如9%的频率偏移ΔfT既作用在基频ClkGrund中,也作用在谐波中。
例如:在2MHz的基频ClkGrund和9%的频率偏移ΔfT下边带等于180kHz(在载频的“左侧或右侧”),在2MHz(20MHz)的第九谐波(第十谐波)中出现1.8MHz的边带。这意味着,第十谐波的上边带和第十一谐波的下边带重叠。
在图7和图8的频谱比较中特别清楚地示出了得到的效应。图7示出了现有技术的开关转换器的辐射频谱。图8示出了根据本发明的开关转换器1的辐射频谱。两个开关转换器在相同的基本时钟脉冲ClkGrund下运行。然而根据本发明的开关转换器具有频率偏移ΔfT。现有技术的开关转换器没有频率偏移地运行。
如已在图3、图4和图6中所示,在图6中的辐射频谱同样借助于根据峰值检测器(PK)的粗虚线且借助于根据平均值检测器(AVG)的实线表示。
在大约100MHz下的谐波以9%的偏移具有9MHz的边带。这意味着,在该频率范围中在一个频率点处有大约5个边带的重叠。这在120kHz的(在此典型的)测量窗口中得出33个单个频率线(边带×RBW/fSmax→5×120kHz/18kHz),然后这些频率线根据其振幅和相位位置产生测量信号/测量水平。最终所示的水平还取决于所使用的检测器(AVG、PK)、调制频率fS_sweep和测量时长。
图9示出了根据本发明的用于具有时钟发生器13的开关转换器1的方法,该时钟发生器提供用于开关转换器1的工作时钟脉冲Clkmoduliert。在步骤900中提供工作时钟脉冲Clkmoduliert作为经调制的基本时钟脉冲ClkGrund。
Claims (10)
1.一种开关转换器(1),具有用于提供输入电压(Vin)的输入接口(10)、用于提供至少一个输出电压(Vout)的输出接口(11)、用于将所提供的输入电压(Vin)转换成所述至少一个输出电压(Vout)中的一个输出电压的电压转换装置(12)、用于提供工作时钟脉冲(Clkmoduliert)的时钟发生器(13),
其特征在于,
所述时钟发生器(13)被构造为,使得所述时钟发生器(13)提供经调制的基本时钟脉冲(ClkGrund)作为工作时钟脉冲(Clkmoduliert)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的开关转换器(1),其中所述时钟发生器(13)以预定的频率偏移(ΔfT)和一个或多个预定的调制频率(fS)以及至少一个预定的调制周期时长来调制所述基本时钟脉冲(ClkGrund)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的开关转换器(1),其中所述多个调制频率(fS)彼此等距离地分布。
4.根据权利要求2所述的开关转换器(1),其中所述多个调制频率(fS)彼此具有对数间距。
5.根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的开关转换器(1),其中所述调制周期时长位于5ms至15ms之间,优选位于10ms至11.1ms之间。
6.根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的开关转换器(1),其中所述一个或多个调制频率(fS)位于10kHz至20kHz之间,优选位于16kHz至18kHz之间。
7.根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的开关转换器(1),其中所述频率偏移(ΔfT)小于所述基本时钟脉冲(ClkGrund)的15%,优选小于所述基本时钟脉冲(ClkGrund)的10%,特别是基本上是所述基本时钟脉冲(ClkGrund)的9%。
8.一种特别是用于机动车的控制器,优选用于控制人员保护装置,所述控制器具有至少一个根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的开关转换器(1)。
9.一种用于运行具有时钟发生器(13)的开关转换器(1)的方法(900),所述时钟发生器提供用于所述开关转换器(1)的工作时钟脉冲(Clkmoduliert),其特征在于,所述工作时钟脉冲(Clkmoduliert)作为经调制的基本时钟脉冲(ClkGrund)被提供。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法(900),其中以预定的频率偏移(ΔfT)和一个或多个预定的调制频率(fS)以及至少一个预定的调制周期时长来调制所述基本时钟脉冲(ClkGrund)。
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