CN107001241B - 新型孢囊菌酰胺 - Google Patents
新型孢囊菌酰胺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107001241B CN107001241B CN201580064303.2A CN201580064303A CN107001241B CN 107001241 B CN107001241 B CN 107001241B CN 201580064303 A CN201580064303 A CN 201580064303A CN 107001241 B CN107001241 B CN 107001241B
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Abstract
本发明提供式(I)的孢囊菌酰胺及其用于治疗或预防细菌感染的用途。
Description
孢囊菌酰胺(Cystobactamides)是一种从粘细菌深棕色孢囊杆菌(MCy8071;内部名称:深棕色孢囊杆菌)中分离出的新天然产物。
孢囊菌酰胺表现出良好的抗菌活性,特别是对于选定的革兰氏阴性菌,例如大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌,且对革兰氏阳性菌具有广谱活性。
本发明提供了一种式(I)化合物
其中,
R1为氢,OH或为如式-O-C1-6烷基所示的基团;
R2为氢,OH或为如式-O-C1-6烷基所示的基团;
R3为氢,OH或为如式-O-C1-6烷基所示的基团;
R4为氢,OH或为如式-O-C1-6烷基所示的基团;和
R5为氢原子或如下式所示的基团:
其中R6为OH或NH2;
或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或水合物,或其药学上可接受的制剂。
表述C1-6烷基是指含有1至6个碳原子的饱和直链或支链烃基。表述C1-4烷基是指含有1至4个碳原子的饱和直链或支链烃基。实例是甲基(Me),乙基,丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,仲丁基或叔丁基。
特别优选的为如式(I)所示的化合物,其中:
R1为氢,OH或为如式-O-C1-4烷基所示的基团;
R2为氢,OH或为如式-O-C1-4烷基所示的基团;
R3为氢,OH或为如式-O-C1-4烷基所示的基团;
R4为氢,OH或为如式-O-C1-4烷基所示的基团;和
R5为如下式所示的基团:
其中R6为OH或NH2;
或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或水合物,或其药学上可接受的制剂。
特别优选的为如式(I)所示的化合物,其中R1为OH。
还优选式(I)所示的化合物,其中R1为如式-O-C1-4烷基所示的基团;特别是其中R1为如式-O-CH(CH3)2所示的基团。
特别优选的为如式(I)所示的化合物,其中R2为氢。
特别优选的为如式(I)所示的化合物,其中R2为OH。
特别优选的为如式(I)所示的化合物,其中R3为氢。
特别优选的为如式(I)所示的化合物,其中R3为OH。
特别优选的为如式(I)所示的化合物,其中R3为如式-O-C1-4烷基所示的基团。
特别优选的为如式(I)所示的化合物,其中R4为氢。
特别优选的为如式(I)所示的化合物,其中R4为OH。
特别优选的为如式(I)所示的化合物,其中R5为如下式所示的基团:
其中R6为OH或NH2;
特别优选的为如式(I)所示的化合物,其中R5为如下式所示的基团:
其中R6为OH或NH2;
特别优选的为如式(II)所示的化合物:
其中R1,R2,R3和R5如上文对式(I)化合物所定义,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或水合物,或其药学上可接受的制剂。
更加优选的为如式(III)所示的化合物:
其中R2,R3,R4和R5如上文对式(I)化合物所定义,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或水合物,或其药学上可接受的制剂。
特别优选的为如式(IV)所示的化合物:
其中R1,R3,R4和R5如上文对式(I)化合物所定义,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或水合物,或其药学上可接受的制剂。
最优选的是以下化合物:
根据特别优选的实施方案,本文所述的本发明化合物在R5基团显示以下立体化学构型:
其中R6为OH或NH2。
优选地,以下化合物被排除在本申请的范围之外:
根据另外的优选实施方案,R1,R2,R3,R4和R5不同时为氢。
此外优选地,以下化合物被排除在本申请的范围之外:
本发明还提供了含有本发明所述的一种或多种化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,溶剂合物或水合物,以及任选的一种或多种载体物质和/或一种或多种佐剂的药物组合物。
本发明还提供了一种所述的化合物或药物组合物用于治疗和/或预防细菌感染的用途,特别是由于大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌或其它革兰氏阴性细菌,以及革兰氏阳性细菌导致的感染。
更加优选地,本发明提供了化合物用于治疗和/或预防细菌感染,特别是由铜绿假单胞菌和其他革兰氏阴性菌所引起的感染的用途。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种如本文所述的化合物或药物组合物用于制备治疗和/或预防细菌感染的药物组合物的用途,特别是由选定的革兰氏阴性细菌和革兰氏阳性细菌所引起的感染。
具有足够碱性的化合物的药理学上可接受的盐的实例为生理学上可接受的无机酸如盐酸,氢溴酸,硫酸和磷酸盐;或有机酸如甲磺酸,对甲苯磺酸,乳酸,乙酸,三氟乙酸,柠檬酸,琥珀酸,富马酸,马来酸和水杨酸的盐。此外,足够酸性的化合物可形成碱金属或碱土金属盐,例如钠、钾、锂、钙或镁盐;铵盐;或有机碱盐,例如甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、乙二胺、乙醇胺、胆碱氢氧化物、甲基葡胺、哌啶、吗啉,三(2-羟乙基)胺、赖氨酸或精氨酸盐;所有这些也都是本文所述的化合物的盐的进一步实例。本发明所述的化合物可以是溶剂合物,优选水合物。在生产的过程中,或由于最初无水的化合物的吸湿性质导致的结果,可能会发生水合/水化。其溶剂合物和/或水合物可以以例如固体或液体形式存在。
本文所述的化合物,其药理学上可接受的盐,溶剂合物和水合物,以及制剂和药物组合物的各自治疗用途,也属于本发明的范围之内。
如本发明所述的药物组合物包含至少一种本发明所述化合物和任选的一种或多种载体物质和/或佐剂。
如上所述,包含本发明所述的化合物、其溶剂合物,盐或制剂的治疗上有用的药剂,也包括在本发明的范围内。在一般情况下,可通过使用本领域已知的公知的和可接受的方式,将本发明所述的化合物单独地或与任何其它治疗剂组合地施用。
对于口服给药,所述的治疗上有用有效的试剂药剂可以通过下列途径之一施用:口服,例如作为片剂,锭剂,包衣片剂,丸剂,半固体,软或硬胶囊,例如软或硬明胶胶囊,水性或油性溶液剂,乳剂,混悬剂或糖浆剂,肠胃外给药包括静脉内,肌内和皮下注射,例如作为可注射溶液或悬浮液,直肠中作为栓剂,通过吸入或吹入,例如作为粉末制剂,如微晶或作为喷雾剂(例如液体气雾剂),经皮,例如通过透皮递送系统(TDS),例如包含活性成分的膏药,或鼻内。为了生产这样的片剂,丸剂,半固体,包衣片剂,糖衣丸和硬胶囊例如明胶胶囊,治疗有用的产物可以与药学惰性的无机或有机的赋形剂混合,例如,乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、明胶、麦芽、硅胶、淀粉或其衍生物、滑石、硬脂(stearinic)酸或其盐、脱脂奶粉等。为生产软胶囊,可以使用赋形剂,例如,植物油、石油、动物油或合成油、蜡、脂肪和多元醇。用于生产液体溶液,乳剂或混悬剂或糖浆剂,可以使用以下物质作为赋形剂,例如使用水、醇、含水盐水、葡萄糖水溶液、多元醇、甘油、脂质、磷脂、环糊精、植物油、石油、动物油或合成油。特别优选的为脂质,而更优选的是磷脂(优选天然来源的;特别优选具有300至350nm之间的粒径),优选在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中(pH值=7-8,优选7.4)。用于栓剂,可以使用的赋形剂是例如,植物油、石油、动物油或合成油、蜡、脂肪和多元醇。用于气雾剂制剂,可以使用对于此目的合适的压缩气体,例如,氧、氮和二氧化碳。该药学上有用的药剂也可以含有添加剂用于保存、稳定,如UV稳定剂、乳化剂、甜味剂、芳香剂、盐类(用于改变渗透压)、缓冲剂、包衣添加剂和抗氧化剂。
通常,口服或肠胃外给药于体重约80公斤的成人的情况,合适的日剂量为约1mg至约10,000mg,优选为约5mg至约1,000mg,尽管在有提示时其上限可超标。日剂量可以为单剂量或分剂量,或对于肠胃外给药,它可以通过连续输注或皮下注射给药。
本发明的化合物可以通过发酵(例如,通过菌株MCy8071DSM27004的发酵)或通过本领域技术人员已知的化学合成应用程序来制备。
本发明的化合物可以按照PCT/EP2014/001925(WO2015/003816)中描述的方法合成,特别是在第87至138页上,其通过引用并入本文。
例如,本发明的化合物可以通过以下流程制备:
实施例
1.发酵
制备条件
生产用菌株
菌株深棕色孢囊杆菌(Cystobacter velatus)MCy8071属于粘细菌目(粘细菌)、孢囊杆菌亚目、孢囊杆菌科、孢囊杆菌属。部分16S rRNA基因序列与公共数据库的序列比较(BLAST,由NCBI(美国国家生物技术信息中心)所提供的“基本的局部比对搜索工具”)显示,与深棕色孢囊杆菌菌株DSM14718相似度100%。
在1982年收集的中国土壤样品中,在亥姆霍兹感染研究中心(HZI,以前称为GBF)分离了MCy8071。该菌株于2013年3月保藏在布伦瑞克(Braunschweig)的德国微生物保藏中心(DSM),保藏号为DSM 27004。
培养
菌株MCy8071在酵母琼脂(VY/2:0.5%酿酒酵母,0.14%CaCl2×2H2O,0.5μg维生素B12/l,1.5%琼脂,pH7.4),CY-琼脂(酪胨0.3%,酵母提取物0.1%,CaCl2×2H2O 0.1%,琼脂1.5%,pH7.2)和P-琼脂(马考尔蛋白胨(peptone Marcor)0.2%,淀粉0.8%,单细胞蛋白probione 0.4%,酵母提取物0.2%,CaCl2×2H2O 0.1%,MgSO4 0.1%,Fe-EDTA 8mg/l,1.5%琼脂,pH7.5)上充分生长。工作培养物在液体介质CY/H(50%CY培养基+50mM Hepes缓冲液,50%H培养基:大豆粉0.2%,葡萄糖0.8%,淀粉0.2%,酵母提取物0.2%,CaCl2×2H2O)0.1%,MgSO4 0.1%,Fe-EDTA 8mg/l,Hepes缓冲液50mM pH 7.4)中培养。
液体培养物在30℃下以180rpm摇动。为了保存,将2ml每份的三日龄培养物储存在-80℃下。在上述琼脂平板上或在20ml CY/H介质(在具有栓塞和铝盖的100ml锥形瓶中)中,即使经过几年再激活也没有问题。一两天后,可将20毫升培养物放大至100毫升。
形态描述
在液态介质CY/H中两天后,上述菌株MCy8071的杆状细胞具有9.0–14.5μm的长度,以及0.8–1.0μm的宽度。在上述琼脂平板上,菌落是圆形的。在VY/2-琼脂中,菌落是薄而透明的。在VY/2-琼脂中,酵母的退化是可见的。在CY-琼脂中,培养物看起来是透明的橙色。在P-琼脂上,细胞群的产生是独特的,且菌落聚集行为减少。菌落是橙棕色的。P-琼脂中的淀粉被分解。
MCy8071对以下抗生素耐药:氨苄青霉素,庆大霉素,潮霉素,多粘菌素(polymycin),杆菌肽,大观霉素,新霉素和夫西地酸。在头孢菌素和春雷霉素存在下可能有微弱生长,在硫链丝菌素,甲氧苄啶,卡那霉素,和土霉素存在下生长是不可能的(所有抗生素的终浓度调节至50μg ml-1)。
孢囊菌酰胺生产
菌株在复合介质中生产。它更喜欢含氮营养素,如单细胞蛋白(Probion)和蛋白质分解产物如蛋白胨,胰蛋白胨,酵母提取物,大豆粉和肉提取物等。在此,多个所述的蛋白混合物存在下的生产情况由于使用单一蛋白质。
孢囊菌酰胺是在相对于生长固定相的对数期至稳定期之间产生的。经过在100升发酵(培养基E)两天后,产物的量不再增加。
孢囊菌酰胺被递送到培养基,并与XAD-吸附树脂结合。XAD通过金属筛进行筛分,并在丙酮中洗脱。在不同的生产温度(21℃,30℃,37℃和42℃)下进行了测试,而在42℃下是不能进行生产的。在最大通气量时的最佳温度为30℃。
MCy8071的发酵是采用100升培养基E(脱脂乳0.4%,大豆粉0.4%,酵母提取物0.2%,淀粉1.0%,MgSO4 0.1%,Fe-EDTA 8mg/l,甘油0.5%;pH7.4)的150升发酵罐中进行,以及采用70升培养基M(大豆蛋白胨1.0%,麦芽糖1.0%,CaCl2×2H2O 0.1%,MgSO40.1%,Fe-EDTA 8mg/l;pH 7.2),在100升发酵罐中进行,并在30℃下发酵4天。用氢氧化钾(2.5%)和7.2至7.4之间的硫酸调节pH。搅拌器速度为100-400rpm,用0.05vvm压缩空气通气。发酵液中的溶解氧含量由搅拌器转速调节至pO2 40%。将1%吸附树脂加入到发酵液中以结合孢囊菌酰胺。将5升3天龄的预培养物(分别为E或M培养基)接种至发酵罐。通过HPLC-MS分析和针对大肠杆菌的甲醇提取物的系列稀释试验检查发酵过程中的产物。菌株产生孢囊菌酰胺。
以下孢囊菌酰胺(除了在WO 2015/003816=PCT/EP2014/001925中描述的孢囊菌酰胺A,B,C,D,E和F之外)已经分离并且通过NMR和MS表征:
孢囊菌酰胺935-2:
MS:
NMR:
孢囊菌酰胺935_2NMR(700MHz,MeOH-d4)
孢囊菌酰胺819-1:
孢囊菌酰胺845-2:
孢囊菌酰胺846-1:
孢囊菌酰胺861-1:
孢囊菌酰胺862-1:
孢囊菌酰胺862-2:
孢囊菌酰胺891-1:
孢囊菌酰胺903-1:
孢囊菌酰胺903-2:
孢囊菌酰胺905-1:
孢囊菌酰胺905-2:
孢囊菌酰胺920-1:
孢囊菌酰胺933-1:
孢囊菌酰胺933-2:
孢囊菌酰胺934-1:
孢囊菌酰胺934-2:
孢囊菌酰胺919-2:
C46H46N7O14[M+H]+的HRMS(ESI):计算值920.3103,检测值920.3106。
孢囊菌酰胺919-2在MeOH-d4中的核磁数据:
孢囊菌酰胺919-2在DMSO-d6中的核磁数据:
*由于在DMSO-d6中的NMR光谱中的信号变宽效应,与这些单元相对应的信号不能被分配:也参见“结构阐明”和图S42-S45。
如正常肽中含有甲氧基-天门冬酰胺(或天冬氨酸)片段的孢囊菌酰胺在其质谱中显示413(414)-片段(图1)。当存在甲氧基-天门冬氨酸(天冬氨酸)时,含有异氨基酸的孢囊菌酰胺不显示413(414)-片段(图2)。基于孢囊菌酰胺的质谱中该片段的存在,可以阐明异-和非-异氨基酸的存在。
孢囊菌酰胺的生物学评价
抗菌活性
孢囊菌酰胺(Cys)919-2,920-1,934-2,935-2,891-2和905-2和已经描述的衍生物(861-2,877-2,920-2)一起评估,它们将用于抗所选择的一组革兰氏阴性细菌。衍生物861-2,877-2,919-1和920-2对应于WO 2015/003816中描述的孢囊菌酰胺F,H,A和B。MIC值以μg/ml表示;使用环丙沙星(CP)作为参考。
将孢囊菌酰胺919-2和891-2与已经描述的衍生物861-2(F)和919-1(A)一起在更大的微生物组和CHO-K1细胞系上一起测试。
MIC值以μg/ml表示;*IC50以μM计;使用环丙沙星(CP)作为参考
耐药率
使用4倍MIC下的大肠杆菌DSM-1116测定对孢囊菌酰胺861-2和919-2的耐药率为10-7-10-8。
体外活性
与孢囊菌酰胺919-2和环丙沙星(CP)相比,测定了孢囊菌酰胺861-2对大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌回旋酶DNA超螺旋(sc)活性的活性。
基因毒性
在使用20μg/ml的孢囊菌酰胺861-2,919-2和环丙沙星的CHO-K1细胞系的微核形成测定中未观察到可检测到的基因毒性作用。丝裂霉素C(100ng/ml)用作阳性对照。所有实验均一式三份进行,并对染色的核的显微镜图像进行了评估。在丝裂霉素C处理的CHO-K1细胞中清楚地观察到微核形成,但未在未处理的对照组,环丙沙星和孢囊菌酰胺处理的细胞中观察到细胞核形成。
材料与方法
最小抑菌浓度(MIC)测定
在敏感性试验中使用的细菌的指标菌株是我们菌株收藏的一部分,或是从德国微生物菌种保藏中心(DSMZ)或从美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC)购得。野生型(WT)大肠杆菌菌株以及大肠杆菌突变体为汉堡大学医药生物和微生物学的P.Heisig教授,博士惠赠。从CGSC的收藏得到大肠杆菌菌株JW0401-1(WT)和Δtsx。
MIC值通过微量稀释试验测定。过夜培养物在适当的生长培养基中稀释以获得104-106cfu/mL的接种物。酵母在Myc培养基(1%植物蛋白胨,1%葡萄糖,50mM HEPES缓冲液,pH7.0),肺炎链球菌和肠球菌在胰蛋白胨大豆培养基(TSB:1.7%蛋白胨酪蛋白,0.3%蛋白胨豆粕,0.25%葡萄糖,0.5%NaCl,0.25%K2HPO4;pH 7.3)中;耻垢分枝杆菌在补充有10%的米德尔布鲁克(Middlebrook)ADC富集和2毫升/升甘油的米德尔布鲁克(Middlebrook)7H9培养基中生长。所有其他列出的细菌在米勒-辛顿(Müller-Hinton)培养基(0.2%牛肉输注固体,1.75%酪蛋白水解物,0.15%淀粉,pH 7.4)中生长。将孢囊菌酰胺和对照药物直接添加到无菌96孔板中的培养物中,一式两份,并制备系列稀释物。微生物在微孔板摇床(750rpm,30-37℃,18-48小时)上生长,除了在非振荡条件(37℃,5%CO2,18小时)下生长的肺炎链球菌。通过目视检查评估生长抑制,MIC被定义为抑制可见生长的化合物的最低浓度。
细胞毒性
CHO-K1细胞获自DSMZ,并在保藏人推荐的条件下培养。将细胞以6×103个细胞/孔接种在96孔板中的180μl完全培养基中,并在平衡2小时后用系列稀释的化合物处理。每个样品一式两份测试以及内部DMSO对照。经过5天的孵育,每孔加入20μl的5mg/ml MTT(噻唑蓝四唑溴化物)的PBS溶液,并在37℃下再孵育2小时。然后弃去培养基,用100μl PBS洗涤细胞,然后加入100μl的2-丙醇/10N HCl(250:1),以溶解甲瓒颗粒。使用酶标仪(TecanInfinite M200Pro)测量570nm处的吸光度,并且相对于相应的甲醇对照表示细胞活力百分比。
耐药率
为了确定对孢囊菌酰胺的自发耐药率,在米勒-辛顿(Müller-Hinton)培养基中调整对数相细菌细胞悬浮液至终浓度为1010CFU/mL,并且在大肠杆菌上以4倍MIC的含有孢囊菌酰胺的重复琼脂平板上划痕不同体积。此外,在不含抗生素的平板上划线大肠杆菌培养物的几种稀释液。1天后,通过将含有孢囊菌酰胺的平板上的CFU除以无抗生素的平板上的CFU数来确定耐药率。
酶抑制
为了测试孢囊菌酰胺的抗旋转酶活性,使用市售的大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌回旋酶超螺旋试剂盒(Inspiralis公司,诺维奇,英国)。对于标准反应,将0.5μg松弛质粒与1x反应缓冲液中的1单位回旋酶混合(参见试剂盒手册),并在37℃下孵育30分钟。通过加入含有10%(w/v)SDS的DNA凝胶加载缓冲液淬灭反应。样品在1%(w/v)琼脂糖凝胶上分离,DNA用EtBr显色。所有天然产物储备溶液和稀释液在100%DMSO中制备,并加入到超螺旋反应中,得到最终的DMSO浓度为2%(v/v)。
遗传毒性研究
从DSMZ获得中国仓鼠卵巢CHO-K1细胞(ACC-110),并在保藏人推荐的条件下保存。对于基因毒性研究,将细胞以5×103细胞/孔接种在具有光学底部的黑色96孔板中,并在化合物加入之前使其贴壁1天。CP,加入孢囊菌酰胺和丝裂霉素C至终浓度为20μg/ml(促旋酶抑制剂)和100ng/ml(丝裂霉素C)。处理细胞48小时,用磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS,pH7.4)洗涤两次,并在室温下用AcO/MeOH(1:1,-20℃)固定10分钟。用PBS反复洗涤之后,室温下避光的条件下,在PBS中用5μg/mL Hoechst33342染色细胞15分钟。洗涤后,将样品在具有适合用于Hoechst的过滤器的自动显微镜(Pathway855,BD生物科学)上成像(200倍放大)。制备和分析所有样品,在两个独立实验中一式三份地分析微核形成。
3.孢囊菌酰胺C衍生物的合成
3.1不同使用的单个环的合成
这里描述了在合成孢囊菌酰胺C衍生物期间使用的不同单环的制备。
C环的制备
B环的制备
3.2通过B环和C环的偶联得到不同的制备好的BC片段
3.3.A环与BC片段(BC1,BC2,BC3)的偶联以合成孢囊菌酰胺C衍生物(1s)-(3s)。
化合物 | R<sub>1</sub> | R<sub>2</sub> |
(1s) | OH | OMe |
(2s) | OiPr | OiPr |
(3s) | OMe | OH |
3.4化合物4s的制备
3.5.试验
3.5.1.常规实验信息
起始材料和溶剂从供应商处市售购买,且不进行进一步纯化即被使用。所有化学产率是指纯化的化合物,并没有进行光学纯化。反应过程通过TLC硅胶60F254铝片监控,并通过254nm UV进行可视化。使用硅胶(40-63μm)进行快速色谱法。制备型RP-HPLC在沃特世公司的设备中进行,该设备包含2767样品管理器,2545二元梯度模块,2998PDA检测器和3100电子喷雾质谱仪。使用沃特世XBridge色谱柱(C18,150×19mm,5μm),二元溶剂系统A和B(A=具有0.1%甲酸的水;B=具有0.1%甲酸的MeCN)作为洗脱剂进行纯化,流速为20mL/min,8min时采用60%-95%B的梯度。熔点在Stuart Scientific熔点仪SMP3(BibbySterilin公司,英国)上测定,未校正。在300K下,在布鲁克DRX-500(1H,500MHz;13C,126MHz)或布鲁克傅立叶300(1H,300MHz;13C,75MHz)光谱仪上记录NMR光谱。将化学位移记录为δ值,单位ppm,通过参考氘化溶剂的氢化残基作为内标(CDCl3:δ=7.26,77.02;DMSO-d6:δ=2.50,39.99)。分裂模式描述为表观多重性,并被指定为s(单峰),br s(宽单峰),d(二重峰),dd(二重二重峰),t(三重峰),q(四重峰),m(多重峰)。耦合常数(J)以赫兹(Hz)给出。LC/MS Finnigan Surveyor MSQ Plus(赛默飞世尔科技,德莱艾希,德国)测量的生物测定中使用的所有化合物的纯度为≥95%。该系统由LC泵,自动进样器,PDA检测器和单四极杆MS检测器,以及用于操作的标准软件Xcalibur组成。使用RP C18Nucleodur 100-5(125×3mm)色谱柱(Macherey-Nagel GmbH,Dühren,德国)作为固定相,二元溶剂体系A和B(A=具有0.1%TFA的水;B=具有0.1%TFA的MeCN)用作流动相。在梯度运行中,B的百分比从0分钟的0%的初始浓度在15分钟增加到100%,并保持在100%5分钟。注射体积为10μL,流速设置为800μL/min。MS(ESI)分析在3800V的喷雾电压,350℃的毛细管温度和10V的源CID下进行。在的正模式和254nm下获得的紫外跟踪光谱。
3.5.2.一般合成程序:
a)所述的酸(25mmol)、异丙基溴(52mmol)和碳酸钾(52mmol)的100ml DMF溶液在90℃下加热过夜。减压下去除多余的DMF,剩余的残留物在水和乙酸乙酯之间分配。将有机层用硫酸钠干燥,然后在减压下除去过量的溶剂,得到纯的产物。
b)55℃下,搅拌下向硝基衍生物(10mmol)的EtOH(60mL)溶液中加入铁粉(2.80g,50mmol)和NH4Cl(266mg,5mmol)的水(30mL)溶液。将反应混合物回流1-2小时,然后趁热过滤铁,将滤液在真空下浓缩至干。将残余物用水(30mL)稀释并用NaHCO3(饱和水溶液)碱化至pH7-8。混合物用EtOAc萃取。合并的有机相用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),真空蒸发除去溶剂。将得到的粗物质物用正己烷研磨,并通过过滤收集。
f)搅拌下向醛(4mmol)和NaOH(0.8g,20mmol)的水(50mL)溶液中分批加入AgNO3(3.4g,20mmol)。将反应物回流过夜,然后冷却并通过硅藻土过滤。将滤液在冰浴中冷却,用37%HCl酸化至pH 3-4。通过过滤收集沉淀的固体,用冷水洗涤,然后用正己烷洗涤。
h)氮气气氛下,搅拌下,向酸(2mmol),胺(2.4mmol)的无水CHCl3(50mL)溶液中加入二氯三苯基膦(3.0g,9mmol)。反应在80℃下加热5h。溶剂通过真空蒸馏除去。残留物通过快速色谱纯化。
i)根据以下报道的程序2进行氨基化1。煮沸的酸(1mmol)和胺(1mmol)的2.5ml二甲苯溶液用2M PCl3的CH2Cl2(0.4mmol)进行处理。2小时候,蒸发除去多余溶剂,残留物用柱色谱纯化。
j)根据以下报道的程序1进行水解2。酯(0.1mmol),氢氧化钠1M(3mL)和无水甲醇在45℃下加热过夜。冷却过程中,将反应混合物酸化至pH 1(3mL,盐酸1M)并用二氯甲烷(3×150mL)萃取。将有机层用硫酸钠干燥,然后在减压下除去溶剂,得到纯的产物。
3.5.3.特殊合成程序:
2-甲酰基-6-甲氧基苯基乙酸酯
搅拌下向3-甲氧基水杨醛的(4.56g,30mmol)和吡啶(2.43mL,30mmol)的DCM(40mL)溶液中滴加加入乙酰氯(2.36g,30mmol)。反应在室温下搅拌过夜,然后溶剂通过真空蒸馏除去。将残余物在冷的稀盐酸中稀释。过滤,用冷水,然后用正己烷洗涤。产率94%(灰白色色固体),m/z(ESI+)195[M+H]+。
6-甲酰基-2-甲氧基-3-硝基苯基乙酸
搅拌下,向冰冷的2-甲酰基-6-甲氧基苯基乙酸酯(1.94g,10mmol)和KNO3(1.01g,10mmol)在CHCl3(15mL)中的悬浮液中加入三氟乙酸酐(12mL)。反应物在冰浴中搅拌2h,然后在室温下过夜。非常小心地用水(50mL)稀释反应物,并用CHCl3萃取。合并的有机萃取物干燥(MgSO4),真空蒸发除去溶剂。将残余物溶于甲苯,并使用快速色谱纯化(SiO2,正己烷–EtOAc=3:1)。产率45%(黄色半固体),m/z(ESI+)239[M]+。
2-羟基-3-甲氧基-4-硝基苯甲醛
在搅拌下,往6-甲酰基-2-甲氧基-3-硝基苯基乙酸(957mg,4mmol)在水(30mL)中的悬浊液中,加入NaOH(0.8g,20mmol)。反应物回流2h,然后在室温下搅拌过夜。将溶液在冰浴中冷却,并通过2M HCl酸化至pH 3-4。通过过滤收集沉淀的固体,用冷水洗涤,然后用正己烷洗涤。产率90%(黄棕色固体),m/z(ESI+)197[M]+。
2,3-二羟基-4-硝基苯甲醛
在冰浴中在0℃冷却的18(1.2g,5mmol)在DCM(10mL)中的搅拌溶液中,在氮气气氛下小心地加入BBr3(1M的DCM溶液,20mL)。将反应混合物温热至室温,并进一步搅拌过夜。真空除去溶剂。残余物用水(50mL)小心稀释,如果需要,用2N HCl将介质酸化至pH 4-5。混合物用EtOAc(3×30mL)萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,用无水MgSO4干燥,通过真空蒸馏除去溶剂。将残余物溶解在CHCl3中,并使用快速色谱法(SiO2,DCM-MeOH=98:2)纯化。
3.5.4.衍生物实验数据(1s-4s)
4-(4-(4-氨基苯甲酰氨基)-2-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酰氨基)-3-异丙氧基苯甲酸(1s)
产率85%;淡黄色晶体;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.79(br s,1H),11.38(br s,1H),10.98(br s,1H),9.22(br s,1H),8.56(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.73(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.65(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.59(dd,J=8.5,1.6Hz,1H),7.57(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),5.39(br s,2H),4.76(septet,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.78(s,3H),1.39(d,J=6.0Hz,6H);13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ166.99,165.03,163.28,151.46,149.53,146.13,139.38,136.34,133.45,129.43,125.62,125.55,122.65,121.21,119.28,115.71,113.89,113.75,113.43,71.72,60.40,21.73;m/z(ESI+)479.99[M+H]+;tR=14.53min。
4-(4-(4-氨基苯甲酰氨基)-2,3-二异丙氧基苯甲酰氨基)-3-异丙氧基苯甲酸(2s)
产率81%;米色固体;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.82(br s,1H),10.36(br s,1H),9.06(br s,1H),8.60(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.01(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.75(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.61(dd,J=8.5,1.9Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),6.63(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.90(br s,2H),4.75(septet,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.63(septet,J=6.3Hz,1H),4.52(septet,J=6.0Hz,1H),1.35(d,J=6.0Hz,6H),1.31(d,J=6.0Hz,6H),1.27(d,J=6.3Hz,6H);13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ166.88,164.45,162.79,152.66,148.60,145.71,141.15,137.69,132.89,129.08,125.58,125.44,123.52,122.83,119.87,118.64,117.50,113.94,112.87,77.12,75.70,72.02,22.25,21.90,21.79;m/z(ESI+)549.86[M+H]+;tR=13.10min。
4-(4-(4-氨基苯甲酰氨基)-3-羟基-2-甲氧基苯甲酰氨基)-3-异丙氧基苯甲酸(3s)
产率79%;米色固体;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.67(br s,1H),10.90(s,1H),10.12(s,1H),9.73(s,1H),8.65(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.80–7.71(m,2H),7.64–7.54(m,4H),6.67–6.59(m,2H),5.95(br s,2H),4.86(septet,J=6.2Hz,1H),3.99(s,3H),1.41(d,J=6.0Hz,6H);13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ166.97,166.24,162.25,152.99,147.98,145.57,141.60,133.01,132.60,129.79,125.45,122.58,121.24,119.02,118.71,118.20,112.99,112.96,112.69,71.00,61.60,21.71.m/z(ESI+)480.08[M+H]+;tR=10.70min。
4-(4-(4-氨基苯甲酰氨基)-3-异丙氧基-2-甲氧基苯甲酰氨基)-3-异丙氧基苯甲酸(4s)
产率43%;米色固体;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.82(br s,1H),10.90(br s,1H),9.09(br s,1H),8.62(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.84(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.60(dd,J=8.2,1.6Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),6.63(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),5.92(br s,2H),4.85(septet,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.47(septet,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.04(s,3H),1.40(d,J=6.0Hz,6H),1.32(d,J=6.0Hz,6H);13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ166.96,164.45,161.87,152.74,151.59,145.55,140.72,138.04,133.03,129.11,125.79,125.47,122.67,120.61,119.78,118.58,117.31,113.14,112.87,76.50,71.14,61.78,22.36,21.66;m/z(ESI+)522.04[M+H]+;tR=15.58min。
参考文献:
1)Alina Fomovska,Richard D.Wood,Ernest Mui,Jitenter P.Dubey,LeandraR.Ferreira,Mark R.Hickman,Patricia J.Lee,Susan E.Leed,Jennifer M.Auschwitz,William J.Welsh,Caroline Sommerville,Stuart Woods,Craig Roberts和Rima McLeod.弓形虫的水杨酰苯胺抑制剂。药物化学杂志(Salicylanilide Inhibitors of Toxoplasmagondii.J.Med.Chem.),2012,55(19),pp 8375-8391.
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Claims (15)
3.如权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其中R1为OH。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其中R1为如式-O-C1-4烷基所示的基团。
5.一种如前述权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R2为氢。
6.一种如前述权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R2为OH。
7.一种如前述权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R3为氢。
8.一种如前述权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R3为OH。
9.一种如前述权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R3为如式-O-C1-4烷基所示的基团。
10.一种如前述权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R4为氢。
11.一种如前述权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R4为OH。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其中R1为如式-O-CH(CH3)2所示的基团。
14.药物组合物,包括根据前述任一权利要求所述的化合物,以及任选的一种或多种载体物质和/或一种或多种佐剂。
15.如前述任一权利要求所述的化合物或药物组合物用于制备治疗或预防细菌感染的药物组合物的用途。
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