CN107000604A - 用于混合动力车辆的紧凑型集成电池组 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的紧凑型集成电池组 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107000604A
CN107000604A CN201580067996.0A CN201580067996A CN107000604A CN 107000604 A CN107000604 A CN 107000604A CN 201580067996 A CN201580067996 A CN 201580067996A CN 107000604 A CN107000604 A CN 107000604A
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housing
battery pack
motor vehicle
cooling system
mixed power
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M·L·杜海姆
S·L·克拉克
O·格罗斯
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Co Ltd Of Fca Us
FCA US LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/005—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units the electric storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/907—Electricity storage, e.g. battery, capacitor

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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)

Abstract

用于混合动力车辆的紧凑型集成电池组完全集成有板上冷却系统并且包括电池单元和直流(DC)到DC转换器两者，所述电池单元用于供应主电压，例如，给用于发动机启动/停止的皮带驱动的启动发电机(BSG)供电；所述直流DC到DC转换器用于将所述主电压降低到辅助电压，用于给低电压组件供电和/或给铅酸电池再充电。板上DC到DC转换器减小了包装大小并且消除了交流发电机的需要，这进一步减小了包装大小。主电压和辅助电压输出端口还可以被实现用于快速且容易地连接到其他组件。配置包括具有集成的空气或者液体冷却的单层和多层布置，用于放置在车辆的行李箱中或下方、在小型卡车的驾驶室中的座椅的后方或下方、和/或在车辆的下方。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的紧凑型集成电池组
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2014年12月18日递交的美国专利申请序列No.14/574,583的优先权。上述申请的公开内容通过引用以其整体并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明通常涉及一种混合动力车辆，并且更具体地，涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的紧凑型集成电池组。
背景技术
轻度混合动力车辆是一种类型的混合动力车辆，其包括配置用于推进的发动机和配置以辅助发动机的电动马达。一种类型的轻度混合动力车辆包括皮带驱动的启动发电机(BSG)单元。所述BSG单元利用电动马达，以选择性地将动力提供给发动机的曲轴(例如，经由皮带)。该BSG还代替了传统交流发电机，因此可用于所述发动机的启动-停止、动力辅助、和/或再生制动、以及给其它车辆部件供电。该BSG单元由电池组供电，例如48伏电池组。
传统的电池组具有外部或板外(off-board)控制器和/或直流(DC)到DC转换器。这增加了电池组的包装大小(size)和/或重量。能够处理电池组的冷却需要的传统的冷却系统，例如加热、通风和空调(HVAC)系统或另一种基于制冷剂的系统也可以增加包装大小和/或重量。此外，所有这些不同的组件的传统的包装浪费了额外的车辆空间。因此，虽然这样的电池组为了其所意在的目的而工作，但仍需要相关技术的改进。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种用于混合动力车辆的紧凑型集成电池组。在一个示例性实施方式中，所述电池组包括：壳体，多个电池单元，设置在所述壳体内并且被配置为共同输出用于给所述混合动力车辆的电动马达供电的主电压，直流(DC)到DC转换器电路，设置在所述壳体内并且被配置为将所述主电压降低到辅助电压，以用于给所述混合动力车辆的低电压组件供电，以及控制电路，设置在所述壳体内并且被配置为控制：(i)所述多个电池单元的再充电，(ii)所述主电压的输出，以及(iii)所述辅助电压的输出，以及集成冷却系统，设置在所述壳体内并且被配置为冷却所述电池组。
在一些实施方式中，所述DC到DC转换器电路和所述控制电路均在设置在所述壳体内的单个公共电路板上被实现。在一些实施方式中，所述DC到DC转换器还被配置为将辅助电压或另一所接收到的辅助电压提升到所述主电压或另一提升的主电压，用于以下至少一个：(i)给所述多个电池单元再充电以及(ii)给所述混合动力车辆的电动马达供电。
在一些实施方式中，所述冷却系统为空气冷却系统，设置在所述壳体内并且被配置为利用来自所述混合动力车辆内部的空气来冷却所述电池组。在一些实施方式中，所述混合动力车辆为轿车或轿跑并且所述壳体的大小和形状被设定成限定对应于以下空间的尺寸：(i)在所述轿车或所述轿跑的行李箱中或(ii)在所述行李箱的底板下方，所述多个电池单元和所述控制电路被布置在所述壳体中的第一组件层中，并且所述DC到DC转换器和所述空气冷却系统被布置在所述壳体内的、接近并且平行于所述第一组件层的第二不同组件层中。在其他实施方式中，所述混合动力车辆为小型卡车，并且所述壳体的大小和形状被设定成限定对应于以下空间的尺寸：(i)在所述小型卡车的驾驶室中的座椅的后方或(ii)在所述驾驶室的所述座椅的下方，以及所述多个电池单元、所述控制电路、所述DC到DC转换器、以及所述空气冷却系统中的每一者被布置在所述壳体中的单个组件层中。
在其他实施方式中，所述冷却系统为液体冷却系统，设置在所述壳体内，并且被配置为利用液体冷却剂来冷却所述电池组。在一些实施方式中，所述混合动力车辆为运动型多用途车辆并且所述壳体的大小和形状被设定成限定对应于所述运动型多用途车辆下方的空间的尺寸。在一些实施方式中，所述多个电池单元、所述控制电路、所述DC到DC转换器、以及所述液体冷却系统中的每一者被布置在所述壳体中的单个组件层中。在一些实施方式中，所述电池组还包括：一个或更多个密封件，被配置为防止湿气进入所述壳体，使得所述电池组能够定位在可暴露至水的区域中的所述混合动力车辆的下方，以及一个或更多个冷却管线，被配置为将来自所述壳体的外部的所述液体冷却剂提供到所述液体冷却系统。
从在下文中所提供的详细描述、权利要求书和附图，本公开的教导的另外的应用领域将变得显而易见，其中，贯穿附图的多个视图，相同的附图标记指代相同特征。应当理解的是，该详细描述，包括本文中所引用的公开的实施方式和附图，在本质上仅仅是示例性的而旨在仅用于说明的目的，并且不旨在限制本公开、其应用或用途的范围。因此，不背离本公开的要旨的多种变型意在本公开的范围之内。
附图的简要说明
图1为根据本公开的原理的包括电池组的混合动力车辆的示例功能性框图；以及
图2A至图2C为根据本公开的原理的电池组的各种配置的示例图。
描述
如前面所讨论的，仍然需要一种用于混合动力车辆的改进的电池组结构和包装。因此，提出了一种用于混合动力车辆的紧凑型集成电池组。这些电池组完全集成具有多个电池组和直流(DC)到DC转换器两者，多个电池组用于供应主电压，例如，用于给皮带驱动的启动发电机(BSG)单元供电，直流(DC)到DC转换器用于将主电压下降到较低的辅助电压，以用于给低电压车辆组件供电和/或给铅酸或其他合适的车辆电池再充电(recharging)。具有板上(on-board)DC到DC转换器减小了包装大小并且消除了交流发电机的需要。在一个示例性实施方式中，用于电池组的DC到DC转换器电路和控制电路在单个公共电路板上被实现，由此进一步减小了包装大小。主电压和辅助电压输出端口也可以在电池组中或在电池组上被实现用于快速且容易地连接到其他组件。
完全集成的电池组的各种配置提供了紧凑尺寸(dimension)，这允许电池组被置于发动机室(其通常具有非常小的空间或无自由空间)的外部以及在其他通常未使用的车辆的空间中。这些紧凑配置的多个示例包括放置在小型卡车(pickup truck)的驾驶室的座椅的后方或下方的气冷型单层配置以及用于放置在运动型多用途车辆(sport utilityvehicle)(包括冷却管道和密封件)下方的液冷型单层配置。这些紧凑配置的另一示例包括用于放置在轿车(sedan)、轿跑(coupe)或其他传统的乘客车辆的行李箱的底板下方的气冷型双层配置。在电池组的壳体内的组件的具体布置可以取决于组件(例如，共享单个公共电路板)和/或冷却需求(例如，位置更接近于冷却系统的热敏电池单元)之间的相互作用。
现在参照图1，示出了车辆100的示例功能性框图。在一个示例性实施方式中，车辆为轻型混合动力车辆。车辆100包括发动机104和BSG单元108，其包括电动马达112和电池组116。尽管在本文中示出并且描述了用于车辆100的BSG混合动力配置，但是可以理解的是，车辆100可以为任何合适的电气化车辆，例如，车辆100具有集成式启动发电机(ISG)混合动力配置或者另一种形式的电动马达112。在一个示例性实施方式中，车辆100可以为电池电动车辆(BEV)或插入式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)，其利用至少部分地用于推动车辆100的电动马达112和电池组116以及用于给电池组116再充电的发动机104。车辆100还包括传动装置(transmission)120、传动系统(drivetrain)124、控制器128以及被配置为测量电池组116的温度的温度传感器132。
发动机104为任何合适的内燃机(汽油、柴油等)，被配置为产生驱动扭矩。驱动扭矩经由传动装置120被传递到传动系统124。在某种操作条件下，控制器128命令发动机104停止。这些操作条件的示例为车辆100停止一段时间，例如，在红灯时。一旦操作条件改变，控制器124通过命令BSG单元108重启动发动机104而命令发动机104重启动。用于检测这些操作条件的输入的示例包括车速、加速度计踏板位置、以及制动踏板位置。发动机104的该启动和重启动还被熟知为“启动-停止操作”。BSG单元108提供对发动机104的更快的重启动，并因此车辆100的驾驶员未意识到或者不太意识到发动机104曾经停止过。
具体地，BSG单元108被配置为选择性地将动力提供给发动机104的曲轴136。因此，BSG单元108替代车辆104的传统的交流发动机(未示出)而布置。BSG单元108因此还包括直流(DC)到DC转换器140。DC-DC转换器104被配置为将电池组116的主电压(Vp)降低到较低的辅助电压(Vs)，辅助电压(Vs)适于给车辆100的组件供电和/或给12V的铅酸电池再充电。电池组116包括多个电池单元152，其共同地输出主电压(例如，接近于48V)，例如经由电池组116的主电压输出端口156。辅助电压还可以经由电池组116的类似的辅助电压输出端口160被输出。类似地，电压可以经由这些端口156、160被输入。在一个示例性实施方式中，DC到DC转换器140还被配置为将辅助电压Vs或另一接收到的辅助电压提升到主电压(Vp)或另一提升的主电压，用于以下至少一个：(i)对多个电池单元152再充电以及(ii)给车辆100的电动马达112供电。
因为电池单元152为温度敏感的，故电池组116还包括热管理系统(“TMS”)或冷却系统164。依赖于电池组116在车辆100中的配置和/或放置，冷却系统164可以为空气冷却系统或液体冷却系统。用于冷却系统164的空气配置可以利用车辆100内(在车辆100的驾驶室内、在车辆100的行李箱内等)的空气用于冷却电池组116。类似地，用于冷却系统164的液体配置可以使用液体冷却剂或其他调节或不可调节的冷却液体(例如，乙二醇或水/乙二醇混合物)。由于有限的车辆空间，例如，有限的发动机舱空间，故上面所讨论的所有的这些组件的布置还产生了包装问题。在一个示例性实施方式中，冷却系统164的配置可以使用由电池组116的壳体限定的一个或更多个通道(例如，见图2A至图2C)以冷却电池组116的各种组件(例如，通过从多个组件中去除热)，这在下文中将进行详尽地讨论。
现在参照图2A至图2C，示出了电池组116的各种配置。电池组116的每一配置包括壳体200，壳体200的大小和形状被设定成限定电池组116的具体尺寸。用于壳体200的一种示例性材料为轻量材料，例如铝。壳体200还可以包括将电池组116与湿气和/或热隔绝的材料。对于电池组116的每一配置，DC到DC转换器电路140、控制电路144、多个电池单元152、主电压输出端口156、辅助电压输出端口160以及冷却系统164都被设置在壳体200内。尽管主电压端口156和辅助电压端口160通常用于放电(即，将电力提供到其他组件)，将可以理解的是，多个电池单元152的再充电可以经由主电压端口156和辅助电压端口160中的一者或两者而发生。
在图2A中，组件204a至204f(统称为“组件204”)分别设置在壳体200内的第一层208a和第二层208b中。这些层208a和208b通常平行，因此呈现了堆叠的组件204。在一个示例性实施方式中，第一层208a和第二层208b为不同的层。在一个示例性实施方式中，在第二层208b中的组件204e和204f分别表示DC到DC转换器电路140和冷却系统164。在该一个示例性实施方式中，组件204b和204c可以分别为控制电路144(例如，可选地在具有DC到DC转换器电路140的单个公共电路板148上被实现)和多个电池单元152。组件204a和204d然后可以表示主电压输出端口156和辅助电压输出端口160。
还可以使用该示例性配置的其他合适的布置，例如，将多个电池单元152布置为第二层208b中的组件204e，以提供改进的冷却效果，这因为多个电池单元152可以比DC到DC转换器电路140更具温度敏感。层208a中的组件204b和组件204c然后可以为DC到DC转换器电路140和控制电路144(例如，可选地在具有DC到DC转换器电路140的单个公共电路板148上被实现)，例如，如图2B所示。在一个示例性实施方式中，冷却系统164可以定位为一个或更多个通道，该一个或更多个通道在第二层208b中，或者在第二层208中且跨越或延伸到第一层208a。在该示例性配置中，壳体200的大小和形状被设定成限定这样的尺寸，该尺寸对应于车辆100的轿车或轿跑配置中的行李箱下方的空间。尽管本文中所使用的术语轿车、轿跑和传统的乘客车辆不包括小型货车或运动型多用途车辆，该配置也可以由小型货车或运动型多用途车辆使用(例如，在运动型多用途车辆的行李箱中或行李箱下方)。通过将电池组116包装成其可以适配在车辆100的行李箱中或在行李箱的底板下方，使得车辆空间得以保持并且发动机舱空间被减小。在该示例性配置中，可以将空气从行李箱、从车辆100的车厢、从车辆100的外部、和/或从车辆100的加热、通风和空调(HVAC)系统提供到给冷却系统164。
在图2B中，组件204以通常平行的方式(例如，以单层方式)被设置在壳体200内。在一个示例性实施方式中，相邻对的组件204，例如组件204b和组件204c，可以为DC到DC转换器电路140和控制电路144(例如，可选地在单个公共电路板148上被实现)。多个电池单元152还可以位于接近于DC到DC转换器电路140和/或接近于冷却系统164(例如，组件204f)用于改善的冷却效果。在该示例性配置中，壳体200的大小和形状被设定成限定对应于以下空间的尺寸：(i)在车辆100的小型卡车配置的驾驶室中的座椅的后方或者(ii)在车辆100的小型卡车配置的驾驶室中的座椅的下方。通过将电池组116包装成其可以适配在车辆100的座椅的后面或下方，使得车辆空间得以保持并且发动机舱空间被减小。在该示例性配置中，可以将空气从车辆100的驾驶室或从车辆100的外部提供到冷却系统164。
在图2C中，组件204再次以通常平行的方式(例如，以单层方式)被设置在壳体200内。在一个示例性实施方式中，相邻对的组件204，例如组件204b和组件204c，可以为DC到DC转换器电路140和控制电路144(例如，可选地在单个公共电路板148上被实现)。多个电池单元152还可以位于接近于DC到DC转换器电路140和/或接近于冷却系统164(例如，组件204f)用于改善的冷却效果。在该示例性配置中，壳体200的大小和形状被设定成限定对应于车辆100的运动型多用途配置的下方的空间中。通过将电池组116包装成其可以适配在车辆100的下方，车辆空间得以保持并且发动机舱空间被减小。
在该示例性配置中，液体冷却剂可以从电池组116的外部分别经由具有密封件216a和216b(统称为“密封件216”)的冷却管线212a和212b(统称为“冷却管线212”)被提供至冷却系统164(再次表示为204f)。尽管密封件216a和216b针对冷却管线212a和212b被显示，将可以理解的是，通常可以将一个或更多个密封件应用到电池组116以防止湿气进入壳体200，使得电池组116可以经受车辆100下方的环境，包括暴露至或者至少部分地浸入到水或另一液体中。
尽管针对具体类型的车辆(轿车、小型卡车、运动型多用途车辆等)讨论了图2A-2C的配置，将可以理解的是，这些配置或其他类似的配置可以应用到这些车辆或其他类型的车辆中。仅仅例如，如前面所提到的，图2A中的配置可以在运动型多用途车辆的行李箱或货物区域中被实现。而且，尽管这些配置作为示例而提供，但是如本文中所讨论的用于布置组件204的技术基于用于将壳体200适配到某种类型的车辆中的大小和空间需求而可以应用来获得其他配置。
应当理解的是，在本文中可以明确考虑各个示例之间的特征、元件、方法论和/或功能的混合和匹配，使得本领域的技术人员可以从本教导中考虑到，一个示例的特征、元件和/或功能如果适当可以并入到另一示例中，除非在上面另有描述。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于混合动力车辆的紧凑型集成电池组，所述电池组包括：
壳体；
多个电池单元，设置在所述壳体内并且被配置为共同输出用于给所述混合动力车辆的电动马达供电的主电压；
直流(DC)到DC转换器电路，设置在所述壳体内并且被配置为将所述主电压降低到辅助电压，用于给所述混合动力车辆的低电压组件供电；
控制电路，设置在所述壳体内并且被配置为控制：(i)所述多个电池单元的再充电，(ii)所述主电压的输出，以及(iii)所述辅助电压的输出；以及
集成冷却系统，设置在所述壳体内并且被配置为冷却所述电池组。
2.如权利要求1所述的电池组，其中所述DC到DC转换器电路和所述控制电路均在设置在所述壳体内的单个公共电路板上被实现。
3.如权利要求1所述的电池组，其中所述冷却系统包括空气冷却系统，设置在所述壳体内并且被配置为利用来自所述混合动力车辆内部的空气来冷却所述电池组。
4.如权利要求3所述的电池组，其中所述混合动力车辆为轿车或轿跑，并且所述壳体的大小和形状被设定成限定对应于以下空间的尺寸：(i)在所述轿车或所述轿跑的行李箱中或(ii)在所述行李箱的底板下方。
5.如权利要求4所述的电池组，其中所述多个电池单元和所述控制电路被布置在所述壳体中的第一组件层中，并且其中所述DC到DC转换器和所述空气冷却系统被布置在所述壳体内的、接近且平行于所述第一组件层的第二不同组件层中。
6.如权利要求3所述的电池组，其中所述混合动力车辆为小型卡车，并且所述壳体的大小和形状被设定成限定对应于以下空间的尺寸：(i)在所述小型卡车的驾驶室中的座椅的后方或(ii)在所述驾驶室中的所述座椅的下方。
7.如权利要求6所述的电池组，其中所述多个电池单元、所述控制电路、所述DC到DC转换器、以及所述空气冷却系统中的每一者被布置在所述壳体中的单个组件层中。
8.如权利要求1所述的电池组，其中所述冷却系统包括液体冷却系统，设置在所述壳体内并且被配置为利用液体冷却剂来冷却所述电池组。
9.如权利要求8所述的电池组，其中所述混合动力车辆为运动型多用途车辆并且所述壳体的大小和形状被设定成限定对应于所述运动型多用途车辆下方的空间的尺寸。
10.如权利要求9所述的电池组，其中所述多个电池单元、所述控制电路、所述DC到DC转换器、以及所述液体冷却系统中的每一者被布置在所述壳体中的单个组件层中。
11.如权利要求9所述的电池组，还包括：
一个或更多个密封件，被配置为防止湿气进入所述壳体，使得所述电池组能够定位在可暴露至水的区域中的所述混合动力车辆的下方；以及
一个或更多个冷却管线，被配置为将来自所述壳体的外部的所述液体冷却剂提供到所述液体冷却系统。
12.如权利要求1所述的电池组，其中所述DC到DC转换器还被配置为将所述辅助电压或另一所接收到的辅助电压提升到所述主电压或另一提升的主电压，用于以下至少一个：(i)给所述多个电池单元再充电以及(ii)给所述混合动力车辆的所述电动马达供电。
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