CN106992570B - Microbial fuel cell energy acquisition and self-powered circuit and method - Google Patents
Microbial fuel cell energy acquisition and self-powered circuit and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106992570B CN106992570B CN201710317906.XA CN201710317906A CN106992570B CN 106992570 B CN106992570 B CN 106992570B CN 201710317906 A CN201710317906 A CN 201710317906A CN 106992570 B CN106992570 B CN 106992570B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
- H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a microbial fuel cell energy acquisition and self-powered circuit and method. The microbial power supply is used as a sediment microbial fuel cell, and the cell in the form has the greatest advantage of being maintenance-free, and can provide continuous electric energy while improving the environment; the optimum power point tracking circuit utilizes a digital signal processor to control the reference voltage of the hysteresis comparator through a serial bus according to the variation of the optimum power point of the microbial fuel cell so as to realize the optimum power point tracking. The booster circuit utilizes the coupling inductor to boost, the capacitor is used as an energy storage element, and the circuit works in a constant voltage, constant current, constant resistance, constant power mode and the like by controlling the working on-time of the booster circuit. After the self-power supply circuit is initialized, the energy storage element A is charged and provides electric energy for the optimal power point tracking circuit and the booster circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microbial fuel cells, in particular to a microbial fuel cell energy acquisition and self-powered circuit and a method thereof.
Background
Microbial fuel cells are a new fuel cell technology that has rapidly developed in recent years. Because the biomass energy-saving device can directly convert chemical energy in biomass into electric energy while degrading pollutants, can obtain higher energy conversion efficiency, is an effective way for relieving energy and environmental problems in the future, and brings about intensive research of scientific researchers in recent years. For a single pair of laboratory-prepared "air-cathode" microbial fuel cells, the maximum power density has only been 1mW m in the past in a short number of years -2 A leap forward to 6.9W m -2 . The traditional method for measuring the power density of the fuel cell is to obtain the corresponding voltage value by utilizing a series of external resistors with different values or to carry out electrochemical scanning by using a potentiostat. When the external resistance is equal to the internal resistance, its maximum power density is obtained.This measurement represents the output potential of the microbial fuel cell, but is not equal to the actual active power of the cell, because the electrical energy generated by the cell is converted into heat energy by the external resistor rather than being utilized by the electronic product. In addition, the maximum power output of a microbial fuel cell also varies with internal resistance-affecting parameters (such as substrate concentration, PH and temperature).
In order to effectively utilize the electric energy output by the microbial fuel cell, the most common method is to passively collect the output electric energy of the microbial fuel cell using a super capacitor. This method cannot maximize the output power of the microbial fuel cell. And when the load resistance value of the output end of the microbial fuel cell is equal to the internal resistance of the cell by utilizing the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), the output power of the microbial fuel cell can be maximized. The existing MPPT technology (such as perturbation and observation, gradient method, etc.) is to maximize the output power of the microbial fuel cell by optimizing the external load resistance value in real time. Such methods require a large amount of control circuitry. The traditional microbial fuel cell application circuit needs to be configured with an external battery (such as a lithium battery, a lead storage battery and the like) to supply power for circuits such as an optimal power point tracking circuit, a booster circuit and the like. The use of microbial fuel cells is limited due to the limited life of the external battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a microbial fuel cell energy acquisition and self-powered circuit and a method thereof.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a microbiological fuel cell energy harvesting and self-powered circuit, characterized by: the system comprises a microbial fuel cell, a self-powered circuit, an optimal power point tracking circuit and a booster circuit; one output of the microbial fuel cell is connected with one input of the booster circuit, and the other output of the microbial fuel cell is connected with the first input of the optimal power point tracking circuit; the output of the booster circuit is respectively connected with the load and the second input of the optimal power point tracking circuit; the output of the optimum power point tracking circuit is connected with the other input of the booster circuit; the self-powered circuit output is connected to the optimal power point tracking circuit third input.
In an embodiment of the invention, the self-power supply circuit includes an initialization module and a first energy storage element.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a diode is disposed between the output of the boost circuit and the second input of the optimum power point tracking circuit; the anode of the diode is connected with the output of the booster circuit, and the cathode of the diode is connected with the second input of the optimum power point tracking circuit.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a voltage regulator diode is disposed between the output of the boost circuit and the load; the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is output by the booster circuit, and the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode is grounded.
In an embodiment of the invention, the output of the voltage boost circuit is further connected to the second energy storage element.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the optimum power point tracking circuit includes a hysteresis comparator, an inverter and a digital signal processor; the output of the microbial fuel cell is respectively connected with the input of the hysteresis comparator and the input of the digital signal processor; the other input of the hysteresis comparator is connected with the output of the digital signal processor; the output of the hysteresis comparator is connected with the input of the inverter; the inverter output is connected to the boost circuit.
In an embodiment of the invention, a MOS transistor is disposed between the output of the optimum power point tracking circuit and the other input of the boost circuit.
The invention also provides a method for acquiring the energy of the microbial fuel cell and self-powering the microbial fuel cell, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1: the initialization module charges the first energy storage element capacitor, so that the first energy storage element capacitor can drive the optimal power point tracking circuit to work, and the optimal power point tracking circuit generates a control signal to the booster circuit; s2: a digital signal processor in the optimum power point tracking circuit collects real-time voltage U and current value I of the microbial fuel cell and calculates the power value P = U × I at the moment; s3: computing
If->
Then->
(ii) a Or else>
(ii) a Wherein->
，
Is the voltage at the previous moment>
，/>
Is the current at the previous moment; />
Hysteresis comparators of the tracking circuit for the optimum power point now reference voltage value, <' > or>
For a time reference voltage value on the hysteresis comparator of the optimum power point tracking circuit,
is the hysteresis comparator reference voltage value increment; s4: and the gate signal of the switching tube is controlled to ensure that the output voltage of the microbial fuel cell always works to be close to the voltage of the optimal power point.
In an embodiment of the present invention, S4 includes the following steps: dividing the boost circuit into a conduction state and a cut-off state according to the gate signal of the MOS tube: when the microbial fuel cell is in a conducting state, the inductor of the booster circuit is charged, the current in the inductor is increased, the inductor charges the second energy storage element through the magnetic induction coil, and the voltage of the microbial fuel cell is reduced due to the output of electric energy; in the cut-off state, the booster circuit is disconnected, the energy in the inductor is not increased or reduced, the second energy storage element only has a discharging process, and the voltage of the microbial fuel cell is increased at the moment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention utilizes the power supply of the microbial power supply and is matched with the optimal power point tracking circuit to realize the self-powered function of the microbial fuel cell application circuit; after the circuit system is initialized, the whole circuit works normally, and the electric energy can be provided for the load and the application circuit of the microbial fuel cell only by the output of the microbial fuel cell without an external battery.
Drawings
Figure 1 is an overall block diagram of a self-powered circuit design based on microbial fuel cells according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a self-power supply process in a self-power supply circuit design based on a microbial fuel cell according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optimal power point tracking circuit in the self-powered circuit design based on microbial fuel cells according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working flow of the digital signal processor in the design of the self-powered circuit based on the microbial fuel cell according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a boost circuit in a self-powered circuit design based on a microbial fuel cell according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
The invention provides a microbial fuel cell energy acquisition and self-powered circuit, which comprises a microbial fuel cell, a self-powered circuit, an optimal power point tracking circuit and a booster circuit, wherein the optimal power point tracking circuit is connected with the booster circuit; one output of the microbial fuel cell is connected with one input of the booster circuit, and the other output of the microbial fuel cell is connected with the first input of the optimal power point tracking circuit; the output of the booster circuit is respectively connected with the load and the second input of the optimal power point tracking circuit; the output of the optimum power point tracking circuit is connected with the other input of the booster circuit; the self-powered circuit output is connected to the optimal power point tracking circuit third input.
Fig. 1 is an overall block diagram of a self-powered circuit system based on a microbial fuel cell according to the present invention.
In an embodiment of the invention, the self-power supply circuit includes an initialization module and a first energy storage element.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a self-power supply process in a self-power circuit design based on a microbial fuel cell. Because the main working elements of the booster circuit are energy storage elements except a few diodes, the power loss is low. And because the sediment microbial fuel cell takes riverbed sludge or pollutants as organic matters, the raw material source is wide. Unlike solar energy which is limited by conditions such as illumination time, intensity and the like, the energy can basically reach the condition of energy persistence. The self-powered circuit with the initialization module designed by the invention does not comprise third-party energy storage equipment such as lithium batteries, lead storage batteries and the like. Before the whole circuit starts to work, the initialization module charges the capacitor of the energy storage element. So that it can drive the optimum power point tracking circuit to work and generate the control signal to make the booster circuit work normally. The energy storage element capacitor can store and output electric energy through the circuit and can supply power to the load and the optimal power point tracking circuit, so that a virtuous cycle is formed, and the aim of self power supply is fulfilled finally.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a diode is disposed between the output of the boost circuit and the second input of the optimum power point tracking circuit; the anode of the diode is connected with the output of the booster circuit, and the cathode of the diode is connected with the second input of the optimum power point tracking circuit.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a voltage regulator diode is disposed between the output of the boost circuit and the load; the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is output by the booster circuit, and the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode is grounded.
In an embodiment of the invention, the output of the voltage boost circuit is further connected to the second energy storage element.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the optimum power point tracking circuit includes a hysteresis comparator, an inverter and a digital signal processor; the output of the microbial fuel cell is respectively connected with the input of the hysteresis comparator and the input of the digital signal processor; the other input of the hysteresis comparator is connected with the output of the digital signal processor; the output of the hysteresis comparator is connected with the input of the inverter; the inverter output is connected to the boost circuit.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optimum power point tracking circuit according to the present invention. After initialization, the electric energy of the energy storage element A can drive the optimal power point tracking circuit to work. The digital signal processor in the optimum power point tracking circuit collects the real-time voltage and current values of the microbial fuel cell, calculates the power value at the moment, compares the power value with the power value at the previous moment, and judges whether to increase or decrease the reference voltage value U of the hysteresis comparator according to the control flow shown in FIG. 4 R And control signals with different duty ratios are output to control the charging and discharging process time of the inductor in the booster circuit, so that the output voltage of the microbial fuel cell is always kept near the optimal power point voltage of the microbial fuel cell, and the aim of maximizing the output of the microbial fuel cell is fulfilled.
In an embodiment of the invention, a MOS transistor is disposed between the output of the optimum power point tracking circuit and the other input of the boost circuit.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a boost circuit in a self-powered circuit design based on a microbial fuel cell according to the present invention. The boost circuit of the present invention must operate in continuous mode because it is necessary to operate the output voltage of the microbial fuel cell to near the optimum power point voltage at all times. The boost circuit can be divided into a conducting state and a cut-off state according to the gate signal of the MOS tube. In the on state the microbial fuel cell charges the inductor and the current in the inductor increases. The inductor charges a capacitor as an energy storage element through a magnetic induction coil. At this time, the voltage of the microbial fuel cell is reduced by outputting the electric energy. In the off state, the boost circuit is open and the energy in the inductor is neither increased nor decreased. The energy storage element capacitance has only a discharge process. At this time, the microbial fuel cell voltage rises.
The invention also provides a microbial fuel cell energy acquisition and self-powering method, which comprises the following steps: s1: the initialization module charges the first energy storage element capacitor to enable the first energy storage element capacitor to be capable of driving the optimal power point tracking circuitThen, the optimum power point tracking circuit generates a control signal to the booster circuit; s2: a digital signal processor in the optimum power point tracking circuit collects real-time voltage U and current value I of the microbial fuel cell and calculates the power value P = U × I at the moment; s3: computing
If->
Then->
(ii) a Otherwise->
(ii) a Wherein->
，/>
Is the voltage at the previous moment>
，/>
Is the current at the previous moment; />
Hysteresis comparators of the tracking circuit for the optimum power point now reference voltage value, <' > or>
Reference voltage value at a time instant on a hysteresis comparator of the tracking circuit for the optimum power point, greater or lesser than the predetermined value>
Is the hysteresis comparator reference voltage value increment; s4: controlling boostThe circuit works in a continuous mode, and the output voltage of the microbial fuel cell is ensured to work to be close to the voltage of the optimal power point all the time.
In an embodiment of the present invention, S4 includes the following steps: dividing the boost circuit into a conduction state and a cut-off state according to the gate signal of the MOS tube: when the microbial fuel cell is in a conducting state, the inductor of the booster circuit is charged, the current in the inductor is increased, the inductor charges the second energy storage element through the magnetic induction coil, and the voltage of the microbial fuel cell is reduced due to the output of electric energy; in the off state, the boost circuit is disconnected, the energy in the inductor is not increased or reduced, the second energy storage element B only has a discharging process, and the voltage of the microbial fuel cell is increased.
The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all changes made according to the technical scheme of the present invention that produce functional effects do not exceed the scope of the technical scheme of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A microbiological fuel cell energy harvesting and self-powered circuit, characterized by: the system comprises a microbial fuel cell, a self-powered circuit, an optimal power point tracking circuit and a booster circuit; one output of the microbial fuel cell is connected with one input of the booster circuit, and the other output of the microbial fuel cell is connected with the first input of the optimal power point tracking circuit; the output of the booster circuit is respectively connected with the load and the second input of the optimal power point tracking circuit; the output of the optimal power point tracking circuit is connected with the other input of the booster circuit; the output of the self-power supply circuit is connected with the third input of the optimal power point tracking circuit;
the self-powered circuit comprises an initialization module and a first energy storage element;
a voltage stabilizing diode is arranged between the output of the booster circuit and the load; the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is output with the booster circuit, and the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode is grounded;
the optimal power point tracking circuit comprises a hysteresis comparator, an inverter and a digital signal processor; the output of the microbial fuel cell is respectively connected with the input of the hysteresis comparator and the input of the digital signal processor; the other input of the hysteresis comparator is connected with the output of the digital signal processor; the output of the hysteresis comparator is connected with the input of the inverter; the output of the inverter is connected with the booster circuit;
an MOS tube is arranged between the output of the optimum power point tracking circuit and the other input of the booster circuit;
the method for acquiring the energy of the microbial fuel cell and self-powering the microbial fuel cell adopts the circuit for acquiring the energy of the microbial fuel cell and self-powering the microbial fuel cell, and comprises the following steps of:
s1: the initialization module charges the first energy storage element capacitor, so that the first energy storage element capacitor can drive the optimal power point tracking circuit to work, and the optimal power point tracking circuit generates a control signal to the booster circuit;
s2: a digital signal processor in the optimum power point tracking circuit collects real-time voltage U and current value I of the microbial fuel cell and calculates the power value P = U × I at the moment;
s3: calculating out
If->
Then->
(ii) a Or else>
(ii) a Wherein->
，/>
Is the voltage at the previous moment>
，/>
Is the current at the previous moment; />
Hysteresis comparators of the tracking circuit for the optimum power point now reference voltage value, <' > or>
Reference voltage value at a time instant on a hysteresis comparator of the tracking circuit for the optimum power point, greater or lesser than the predetermined value>
Is the hysteresis comparator reference voltage value increment;
s4: controlling the booster circuit to work in a continuous mode, and ensuring that the output voltage of the microbial fuel cell always works to be close to the voltage of the optimal power point;
s4 comprises the following steps: dividing the boost circuit into a conducting state and a cut-off state according to the gate signal of the MOS tube: when the microbial fuel cell is in a conducting state, the inductor of the booster circuit is charged, the current in the inductor is increased, the inductor charges the second energy storage element through the magnetic induction coil, and the voltage of the microbial fuel cell is reduced due to the output of electric energy; in the cut-off state, the booster circuit is disconnected, the energy in the inductor is not increased or reduced, the second energy storage element only has a discharging process, and the voltage of the microbial fuel cell is increased at the moment.
2. The microbial fuel cell power harvesting and self-powering circuit of claim 1, wherein: a diode is arranged between the output of the booster circuit and the second input of the optimal power point tracking circuit; the anode of the diode is connected with the output of the booster circuit, and the cathode of the diode is connected with the second input of the optimum power point tracking circuit.
3. The microbial fuel cell power harvesting and self-powering circuit of claim 1, wherein: and the output of the booster circuit is also connected with a second energy storage element.
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| CN107831201B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2020-04-10 | 中国农业大学 | Self-powered water quality monitoring and early warning device and method |
| CN107733056A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2018-02-23 | 中科宇图（北京）资源环境科学研究有限公司 | Microbiological fuel cell electric power system applied to AA/O sewage treatment process |
| CN113109532B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-11-25 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Water quality monitoring device based on microbial fuel cell |
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| JP2008010220A (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2008-01-17 | Shindengen Electric Mfg Co Ltd | Fuel cell optimum operating-point tracking system in power source using fuel cell, and power supply equipped therewith |
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