CN106987111A - 一种pvc抗静电剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种pvc抗静电剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106987111A
CN106987111A CN201710352614.XA CN201710352614A CN106987111A CN 106987111 A CN106987111 A CN 106987111A CN 201710352614 A CN201710352614 A CN 201710352614A CN 106987111 A CN106987111 A CN 106987111A
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acid
antistatic additive
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陈德英
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NANTONG HAOLILAI CHEMICAL Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/28—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
    • C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C08K5/103—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids with polyalcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K2003/3045—Sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/017—Additives being an antistatic agent

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种PVC抗静电剂的制备方法，该抗静电剂的制备包括两个关键步骤：脂肪酸单甘酯的制备，酯化原料甘油与脂肪酸在催化剂的作用下于180℃下反应7小时即得；脂肪酸单甘酯和其他物料的混合复配即得抗静电剂成品。所述的抗静电剂按重量百分比由以下材料复配而成：脂肪酸单甘酯85％，脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯35％，无机金属盐38％。本发明的PVC抗静电剂采用两种非离子表面活性剂和无机金属盐复配而得，三者起到协同抗静电作用，具有耐热性能较好，与PVC基体相容性较好，成本较低等特点，抗静电性能优良，在PVC抗静电材料中具有重大的应用价值。

Description

一种PVC抗静电剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及抗静电剂领域，具体的涉及一种PVC抗静电剂的制备方法。
背景技术
作为通用塑料的聚氯乙烯有着广泛的用途，它的突出优点是难燃性、耐磨性、抗化学腐蚀性、气体水汽低压渗透性好。由于其价格低廉性能优越，广泛应用在化工、煤炭、电子、计算机和通讯行业中，但其表面电阻一般大于1012Ω，当塑料及其制品表面阻值大于1010Ω时，材料在搬运、接触、分离、摩擦及碰撞时极易产生静电，导致火灾、爆炸和电器件失效等事故，给人的生命安全及财产造成不可估量的损失，阻碍了其在化工厂、煤矿等领域的应用。在PVC材料中添加抗静电剂，通过降低其电阻率，能使产生的静电耗散。
目前聚氯乙烯材料所用的抗静电剂一般为导电炭黑或者碳纳米管，非离子抗静电剂(如硬脂酸单甘酯，油酸单甘酯，月桂酸单甘酯，脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯等)和阳离子季铵盐抗静电剂，其主要分为烷基叔胺氯化物(如抗静电剂1831：十八烷基三甲基氯化铵)，烷基叔胺硝酸盐(如抗静电剂SN：十八烷基二甲基羟乙基季铵硝酸盐)，烷基叔胺硫酸酯盐(如抗静电剂LS：月桂酰胺丙基三甲基铵硫酸甲酯盐)，烷基叔胺磷酸盐(如抗静电剂SP：硬脂酰胺丙基二甲基羟乙基铵二氢磷酸盐)。缆用耐寒阻燃抗静电聚氯乙烯护套料，运用阳离子季铵盐表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂复配的抗静电剂，成品表面电阻达到108Ω。但是当此类抗静电剂容易导致制品表面黄变，因此当对制品色泽要求较高时，此类抗静电剂并不能满足要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种相容性好、成本低、效果优的PVC抗静电剂，抗静电剂添加量少，抗静电性能优越，表面电阻可达到107～108Ω，且受温度湿度影响较小，可应用于硬质或软质抗静电PVC材料。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：酯化反应：甘油与脂肪酸在催化剂的催化下反应，生成脂肪酸单甘油酯；多组分复配：脂肪酸单甘酯和其他物料的混合复配即得抗静电剂成品，所述的抗静电剂按重量百分比由以下材料复配而成：脂肪酸单甘酯85％，脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯35％，无机金属盐38％,将三种原料搅拌混合均匀，得到澄清透明抗静电剂成品;所述甘油与脂肪酸的摩尔比为2:1.5;所述脂肪酸为硬脂酸、油酸、椰油酸、月桂酸的一种或几种混合;所述的催化剂为硫酸、磷酸、次磷酸、亚磷酸、高氯酸、对甲苯磺酸的一种或几种混合;所述催化剂用量按质量百分比计为甘油和脂肪酸总用量的0.8％;所述酯化反应的温度为180℃，反应时长为8小时;所述脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯为十碳酸聚氧乙烯酯、十二碳酸聚氧乙烯酯、十四碳酸聚氧乙烯酯、十六碳酸聚氧乙烯酯、十八碳酸聚氧乙烯酯的一种或几种混合;所述复配的具体过程为：将制备的脂肪酸单甘酯降温至150℃，加入脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯，并继续降温，待温度降至132℃，加入无机金属盐，并继续搅拌6小时，得到复配型PVC抗静电剂;复配反应的温度为150℃，反应时长为6小时;无机金属盐为硫酸钠，硫酸钾，硝酸钠，硝酸钾，高氯酸钠，高氯酸钾的一种。无机金属离子价格上更低，因此本发明产品在价格上更具优势。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明，下面通过实施例对本发明进一步说明，实施例只用于解释本发明，不会对本发明构成任何的限定。将2mol甘油与3mol脂肪酸在硫酸的催化下于130℃反应2小时，生成脂肪酸甘油酯；将制备的脂肪酸单甘酯降温至80℃，加入脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯，并继续降温，待温度降至60℃，加入无机金属盐，并继续搅拌2小时，使其充分溶解，得到PVC抗静电剂。其中，按重量百分比，各组分含量为：脂肪酸单甘酯60％，脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯50％，无机金属盐20％。按照质量百分比计，其中PVC抗静电剂的比例为5％，PVC热稳定剂选择硬脂酸铅，增塑剂选择DOP(邻苯二甲酸二辛酯)，原料在高搅机内混合6分钟，210℃双螺杆挤出，迅速将挤出的物料放置在双辊压片机中压制成PVC片材，测试其电阻值。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (1)

1.一种PVC抗静电剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：酯化反应：甘油与脂肪酸在催化剂的催化下反应，生成脂肪酸单甘油酯；多组分复配：脂肪酸单甘酯和其他物料的混合复配即得抗静电剂成品，所述的抗静电剂按重量百分比由以下材料复配而成：脂肪酸单甘酯85％，脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯35％，无机金属盐38％,将三种原料搅拌混合均匀，得到澄清透明抗静电剂成品;所述甘油与脂肪酸的摩尔比为2:1.5;所述脂肪酸为硬脂酸、油酸、椰油酸、月桂酸的一种或几种混合;所述的催化剂为硫酸、磷酸、次磷酸、亚磷酸、高氯酸、对甲苯磺酸的一种或几种混合;所述催化剂用量按质量百分比计为甘油和脂肪酸总用量的0.8％;所述酯化反应的温度为180℃，反应时长为8小时;所述脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯为十碳酸聚氧乙烯酯、十二碳酸聚氧乙烯酯、十四碳酸聚氧乙烯酯、十六碳酸聚氧乙烯酯、十八碳酸聚氧乙烯酯的一种或几种混合;所述复配的具体过程为：将制备的脂肪酸单甘酯降温至150℃，加入脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯，并继续降温，待温度降至132℃，加入无机金属盐，并继续搅拌6小时，得到复配型PVC抗静电剂;复配反应的温度为150℃，反应时长为6小时;无机金属盐为硫酸钠，硫酸钾，硝酸钠，硝酸钾，高氯酸钠，高氯酸钾的一种。
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108659509A (zh) * 2018-05-18 2018-10-16 南雄九盾化工有限公司 一种高效复合型聚氨酯安全鞋材用抗静电剂配方和工艺
CN108976662A (zh) * 2018-06-29 2018-12-11 河南谢人安防门帘有限公司 一种抗静电pvc门帘及其生产方法
CN110551325A (zh) * 2019-09-18 2019-12-10 瑞安市军中鞋业有限公司 一种高效复合型聚氨酯安全鞋材用抗静电剂配方和工艺

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108659509A (zh) * 2018-05-18 2018-10-16 南雄九盾化工有限公司 一种高效复合型聚氨酯安全鞋材用抗静电剂配方和工艺
CN108976662A (zh) * 2018-06-29 2018-12-11 河南谢人安防门帘有限公司 一种抗静电pvc门帘及其生产方法
CN108976662B (zh) * 2018-06-29 2022-09-02 河南谢人安防门帘有限公司 一种抗静电pvc门帘及其生产方法
CN110551325A (zh) * 2019-09-18 2019-12-10 瑞安市军中鞋业有限公司 一种高效复合型聚氨酯安全鞋材用抗静电剂配方和工艺

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