CN106979031B - Gas drainage system and tunnel structure in tunnel - Google Patents
Gas drainage system and tunnel structure in tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN106979031B CN106979031B CN201710254582.XA CN201710254582A CN106979031B CN 106979031 B CN106979031 B CN 106979031B CN 201710254582 A CN201710254582 A CN 201710254582A CN 106979031 B CN106979031 B CN 106979031B
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- gas
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a gas drainage system of a tunnel, which comprises a gas drainage duct for conducting the position in front of a tunneling end point of the tunnel and the outside, an air extractor which is arranged outside the tunnel and is connected with the gas drainage duct, and a sealing device for sealing the gas drainage duct and the air extractor at the joint. By conducting the position in front of the tunneling end point and the outside, the gas is pumped out and discharged before tunneling to the gas gathering area, so that the safety accidents caused by gas gathering can be effectively prevented.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a gas drainage system of a gas tunnel and a tunnel structure.
[ background Art ]
Gas is a generic term for various harmful gases overflowing from a coal (rock) layer, and its main components are methane, carbon dioxide, and sometimes small amounts of gases such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon monoxide. The gas is colorless, odorless and odorless, but sometimes generates special odor similar to apple fragrance due to the accompanying hydrocarbon and trace hydrogen sulfide, has a relative density of 0.554, is slightly soluble in water, has strong diffusivity and permeability, and has combustibility and explosiveness. According to the specification of railway gas tunnel technology, the gas tunnel is divided into a low gas tunnel, a high gas tunnel and a gas outburst tunnel, and the types of the gas tunnels are determined according to the highest level of a gas work area in the tunnel. The gas tunnel work area is divided into a non-gas work area, a low-gas work area, a high-gas work area and a gas outburst work area for four types. The low gas work area and the high gas work area can be judged according to the absolute gas emission amount. When the gas emission amount of the full working area is less than 0.5m 3 At/min, the gas is low in work area, and is greater than or equal to 0.5m 3 And/min, the gas is high in the work area. The gas tunnel only needs to have one protruding danger, and the work area where the gas tunnel is located is the gas protruding work area.
At present, the prevention and control of the gas in the gas tunnel are mainly carried out by adopting a mode of combining plugging with ventilation in the tunnel, and main measures comprise: 1. the tunnel lining adopts coiled materials such as a waterproof layer and the like to seal water and air in a full ring manner; 2. the impervious performance of the lining concrete is improved; 3. forced ventilation is performed in the tunnel according to the gas concentration. Because the existing tunnel mainly adopts a blocking mode to prevent and treat gas, only a very small amount of gas behind the lining is led out through permeation and the drainage structure of the existing tunnel, and a large amount of gas is actually gathered behind the lining, so that the water pressure and the gas pressure behind the lining rise, and the gas enters the normal operation space of the tunnel to generate potential safety hazards or even accidents. The gas led out through the existing tunnel drainage structure mixes water and gas in the drainage structure, circulates in the whole longitudinal direction at the bottom of the tunnel, and actually increases the risk of gas escape although the gas is only trace.
[ invention ]
The invention aims to provide a gas drainage system for removing gas in a gas work area by separating water from gas in a gas tunnel so as to solve the problem of gas control after tunneling and operation.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a tunnel structure applied to a mountain where gas gathers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a gas drainage system in tunnel, its includes switches on tunnel tunnelling terminal point place ahead and external gas drainage duct, sets up outside the tunnel and with the air extraction device that gas drainage duct is connected and will gas drainage duct and air extraction device realize sealed sealing device in junction.
Further, the tunnel port of the gas drainage duct is positioned in front of the tunneling end point, and the mountain surface port is positioned on the mountain surface closest to the tunneling end point.
Specifically, the air extractor is connected to the mountain surface port of the gas drainage duct.
Optionally, the sealing device is made of at least one material selected from cement mortar, a rubber ring hole packer or polyurethane hole packer.
Furthermore, the gas drainage holes are formed in groups of four, the tunneling direction of the tunnel is defined to be longitudinal, and the gas drainage holes in the same group are formed in the same cross section relative to the tunnel.
Optionally, the gas drainage channels of the same group of gas drainage systems are parallel to each other.
Optionally, the gas drainage channels of the same group of gas drainage systems are distributed in a sector shape diverging from the front position of the tunneling end point to the mountain surface.
Specifically, the air extractor comprises a gas extraction pump, an extraction steel pipe inserted into a mountain surface port of the gas extraction duct, and an extraction pipeline connecting the extraction steel pipe and the gas extraction pump.
Optionally, the tunnel port of the gas drainage duct is located 3-5 m in front of the tunneling end point.
A tunnel structure adopts the gas drainage system in the technical scheme.
Further, the tunnel also comprises drainage pipelines arranged at two sides of the inverted arch of the tunnel.
Specifically, the drainage pipeline further comprises annular blind ditches which are arranged in an array mode, and two ends of each annular blind ditch are communicated with the drainage pipeline.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that: and drilling a gas drainage duct with a tunnel port positioned in front of the tunneling end point from the mountain surface position closest to the tunneling end point in the gas gathering area, and using an air extractor to drain the gas in the gas gathering area, and discharging the gas in advance before tunneling to the gas gathering area, so that safety accidents caused by the gas are effectively prevented.
Meanwhile, the gas drainage duct is drilled from the mountain surface position, and the drained gas can be directly discharged into the environment outside the tunnel, so that the construction site is not influenced.
In addition, through the primary support, the secondary lining and the gas drainage system positioned at the tunneling end point, the gas drainage problem and the accumulated water drainage problem in the tunneling process are realized, and the separation treatment of water and gas is realized. Therefore, the accumulation of gas and underground water behind the lining can be effectively avoided, and potential safety hazards and even accidents caused by the rising of water pressure and gas pressure behind the lining are avoided; secondly, the gas is discharged through the gas discharge pipe, so that the gas concentration behind the lining can be effectively reduced, the gas is prevented from entering the drainage structure, and the escape risk of the gas is effectively reduced, and therefore, the gas control after tunneling and construction operation can be effectively ensured.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gas drainage system and a tunnel structure according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a tunnel structure in tunneling construction provided by the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a tunnel structure provided by the present invention.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and exemplary embodiments, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout. Further, if detailed description of the known art is not necessary to illustrate the features of the present invention, it will be omitted.
As shown in fig. 1, one embodiment of a tunnel structure provided by the present invention includes: the system comprises a gas drainage system, a drainage pipeline 4, a circular blind ditch 5, an initial support 6, a secondary lining 7, an inverted arch 9 and a tunnel cavity 10; the gas drainage system comprises an air extractor 1, a gas drainage duct 2 and a sealing device 3; the primary support 6 is a steel frame support and is positioned on the outer layer of the tunnel; the secondary lining 7 is formed by airtight concrete casting and is positioned on the inner side of the primary support 6; the inverted arch 9 is arranged opposite to the secondary lining 7 and encloses the tunnel cavity 10 together with the secondary lining 7; the tunneling direction of the tunnel has an inclination angle of five thousandths of a degree relative to the horizontal plane. The drainage pipelines 4 are arranged on two sides of an inverted arch 9 of the tunnel and penetrate through the whole tunnel along the tunneling direction; the annular blind ditches 5 are arranged in an array manner and are arranged on one side of the juncture of the secondary lining 7 and the primary support 6, and two ends of the juncture are communicated with the drainage pipeline 4. During tunneling construction and tunnel operation, accumulated water in the mountain 8 is collected in the drainage pipeline 4 through the circumferential blind ditch 5 and discharged out of the tunnel.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment of the gas drainage system provided by the invention, the gas drainage system comprises a gas suction device 1, a gas drainage duct 2 and a sealing device 3, wherein the gas suction device 1 comprises a gas drainage pump 11, a drainage pipeline 12 and a drainage steel pipe 13, the gas drainage duct 2 comprises a hole body, a mountain surface port 21 and a tunnel port 22, the tunnel port 22 of the gas drainage duct 2 is positioned in front of a tunneling end point, and the mountain surface port 11 is positioned on a mountain surface 81 nearest to the tunneling end point. The sealing device 3 is made of at least one of cement mortar, a rubber ring hole packer and polyurethane hole sealing materials. The tunneling end point is dynamically changed along with the tunneling construction.
In the tunneling process, when the gas emission quantity is detected or a gas outburst working area is encountered, stopping tunneling construction, and performing gas drainage construction; drilling holes on the mountain surface closest to the tunneling end point, and drilling gas drainage channels 2, wherein the tunnel ports 22 of the drilled gas drainage channels 2 are positioned at the front of the tunneling end point by about 3 meters to 5 meters, and the number of the drilled gas drainage channels 2 is generally 4; then expanding the diameter of a hole body close to the mountain surface port 11 to 100-120mm, inserting a drainage steel pipe 13 with the diameter of 70-80mm, sealing the hole by using a sealing device 3, wherein the sealing device 3 can be used for sealing cement mortar or rubber ring hole packer or polyurethane, the sealing depth is determined by the property of surrounding rocks near the mountain surface port, the surrounding rocks are 2-3m when the surrounding rocks are firm, the surrounding rocks are 6-7m when the surrounding rocks are soft, even about 10m, and after sealing, a drainage pipeline 12 consisting of a bent pipe, an automatic drainer, a flowmeter, an armoured hose (or an antistatic plastic hose), a gate and the like is required to be used for connecting the gas drainage hole channel 2 with the gas drainage pump 11 before drainage; finally, a suitable gas drainage pump 11 is selected according to the laid pipeline calculation. And (3) carrying out gas drainage work, detecting the concentration of the drained gas every 10 minutes, stopping drainage when the concentration is lower than 1.0% for 20 minutes, and continuing tunneling construction.
When the gas drainage duct 2 is used for draining gas in the mountain 8, the aperture of the gas drainage duct 2, the depth of the hole, the length of the drainage pipeline, the friction resistance of the drainage pipeline, the gas flow in the hole and the like can influence the drainage resistance of a gas drainage system, so that the drainage efficiency and the drainage effect are further influenced. Therefore, in the gas drainage system, the depth and the hole inner diameter of the gas drainage hole channel are generally required to be obtained by calculation according to specific use environments and requirements. Typically, the depth of the gas drainage duct should not be greater than 60m. Therefore, the method is mainly suitable for shallow tunnels with smaller upper mountain thicknesses. The gas gathering rule in the mountain is related to the mountain structure, geology and other factors, and the factors influencing the position of the gas gathering area such as the structure, geology and the like of the same mountain are unchanged, so that the gas gathering area encountered in the tunneling process is still an area where the gas is easy to gather during the tunnel operation.
Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through the tunnel structure. The gas drainage duct 2 drilled in the gas gathering area becomes a duct extending from the mountain surface to the outer side of the primary support of the tunnel along with the continuous tunneling of the tunnel, and remains in the mountain. If the gas is gathered again at the drilling position during the tunnel operation, the gas in the areas can be pumped and discharged again through the gas drainage hole channels 2, so that the gas in the mountain body is prevented from gathering outside the tunnel during the tunnel operation.
Although a few exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these exemplary embodiments without departing from the principles or spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The gas drainage system of the tunnel is characterized by comprising a gas drainage duct which is communicated with the outside at the front position of a tunneling end point of the tunnel, an air extraction device which is arranged outside the tunnel and is connected with the gas drainage duct, and a sealing device which seals the gas drainage duct and the air extraction device at the joint, wherein the gas drainage duct is changed into a duct which extends from a mountain surface to the outer side of a primary support of the tunnel along with the continuous tunneling of the tunnel, and a tunnel port of the gas drainage duct is positioned 3-5 meters in front of the tunneling end point of the tunnel;
the gas drainage channels are arranged in groups of four, the tunneling direction of the tunnel is defined to be longitudinal, and the gas drainage channels in the same group are arranged in the same cross section relative to the tunnel.
2. The gas drainage system of claim 1, wherein a mountain surface port of the gas drainage duct is located on a mountain surface nearest the tunneling endpoint.
3. The gas drainage system of claim 2 wherein the gas extraction device is connected at the mountain surface port of the gas drainage duct.
4. A gas drainage system according to claim 3 wherein said sealing means is made of at least one of cement mortar, rubber rings or polyurethane.
5. The gas drainage system of claim 1 wherein the same set of gas drainage channels are parallel to each other.
6. The gas drainage system of claim 1 wherein the same set of gas drainage tunnels are fanned out from a position forward of the tunneling endpoint toward the mountain surface.
7. The gas drainage system of claim 1 wherein the gas extraction apparatus comprises a gas drainage pump, a drainage steel pipe inserted into a mountain surface port of the gas drainage duct, and a drainage pipe connecting the drainage steel pipe and the gas drainage pump.
8. Tunnel structure, characterized in that it employs a gas drainage system according to any of claims 1-7.
9. The tunnel structure of claim 8, further comprising drainage pipes disposed on both sides of the inverted arch of the tunnel.
10. The tunnel structure of claim 9, further comprising an array of circumferential blind ditches, both ends of the circumferential blind ditches being in communication with the drainage pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710254582.XA CN106979031B (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2017-04-18 | Gas drainage system and tunnel structure in tunnel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710254582.XA CN106979031B (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2017-04-18 | Gas drainage system and tunnel structure in tunnel |
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| CN106979031A CN106979031A (en) | 2017-07-25 |
| CN106979031B true CN106979031B (en) | 2023-05-09 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107701224B (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2023-08-11 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Maintainable gas-water separation and zonal safety discharge system for gas tunnel |
| CN110029981B (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2021-06-22 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Gas hole arrangement method for methane-rich stratum |
| CN110043307B (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2020-12-08 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Tidal basin biogas release method |
| CN109931093A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-06-25 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of gas surface discharge device for gas tunnel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2394159C1 (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2010-07-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "РосЭнергоГаз" | Procedure for degassing gas bearing ore and coal deposits at development of minerals |
| CN102116171B (en) * | 2011-04-09 | 2013-04-10 | 中铁十七局集团第五工程有限公司 | Method for rapid discharge of gas in tunnel |
| CN102852546B (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2015-04-29 | 河南煤业化工集团研究院有限责任公司 | Method for pre-pumping coal roadway stripe gas of single soft protruded coal seam of unexploited area |
| CN104131831B (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2016-10-12 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of coal bed gas well three-dimensional associating pumping method up and down |
| CN104453999A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-03-25 | 中铁建大桥工程局集团第五工程有限公司 | Water and gas discharging system for construction tunnel |
| CN104405283B (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-02-10 | 山西晋城无烟煤矿业集团有限责任公司 | The technique of L-type well mash gas extraction is bored on a kind of minery ground |
| CN104533510A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-22 | 中铁十九局集团有限公司 | Tunnel gas discharging system |
| CN206668313U (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-11-24 | 中交路桥华南工程有限公司 | The gas drainage system and tunnel structure in a kind of tunnel |
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