CN106978554A - 一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN106978554A
CN106978554A CN201710379395.4A CN201710379395A CN106978554A CN 106978554 A CN106978554 A CN 106978554A CN 201710379395 A CN201710379395 A CN 201710379395A CN 106978554 A CN106978554 A CN 106978554A
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崔立新
赵晓光
成凯
马维红
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SHANDONG INNOVATION METALS TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺,经过成分优化、均质、挤压、淬火、拉伸、时效、冷却、清洗、碱洗、酸洗、氧化、疏水表面制作工艺。本发明工艺得到的产品抗拉强度≥420MPa、屈服强度≥320MPa、伸长率≥18%、布氏硬度≥100HB、电导率≥27MS/m、耐腐蚀、耐侯性能好,能有效抵抗高湿度、侵蚀性盐离子对铝合金工件的腐蚀破坏作用,生产工艺稳定。

Description

一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及铝合金技术领域,特别是涉及一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺。
背景技术
目前,电力设备及设施保护使用的高强高导电率铝合金厚壁管材,对于高压电线、电缆保护方面起到至关重要的作用,高强高导电率铝合金厚壁管材应用在电力设施保护方面时,目前的管材在线淬火时强度降低,抗腐蚀性能变差,离线淬火虽然可以提高合金强度,但生产效率及成品率降低。
由于铝合金具有比强度高、抗海水腐蚀性强、可焊接、易加工成形、回收性强、环保性好、无低温脆性、无磁性,在海洋电力设备中的应用可有效减轻质量、提高稳定性。但是,现有的铝合金产品在海洋中受到的应力腐蚀、氢脆、晶间腐蚀等会使得金属结构发生断裂,造成巨大损失,因此现有的电力设备用的铝合金耐腐蚀性也需要得到改善。
发明内容
本发明就是针对上述存在的缺陷而提供一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺。本发明工艺得到的产品抗拉强度≥420MPa、屈服强度≥320MPa、伸长率≥18%、布氏硬度≥100HB、电导率≥27MS/m、耐腐蚀、耐侯性能好,能有效抵抗高湿度、侵蚀性盐离子对铝合金工件的腐蚀破坏作用,生产工艺稳定。
本发明的一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺技术方案为,依次包括以下步骤:
(1)成分优化,铝合金铸锭中元素的质量百分比如下:Si为0.7%~1.3%,Fe为0.2~0.4%,Cu为0.02~0.04%,Mn为0.6%~1.0%,Mg为0.6%~0.8%,Sr 0.02~0.05%,Cr为≤0.25%,Zn为0.1-0.6%,Ti为≤0.10%,单个杂质≤0.05%,合计杂质≤0.15%,其余为Al;
(2)均质处理;
(3)挤压,淬火;
(4)拉伸后时效处理;
(5)空冷+水冷至室温得工件;
(6)将工件依次用水、丙酮、水清洗;
(7)在含偏铝酸钠和氢氧化钠的水溶液中处理20-30分钟,然后用水清洗;
(8)再在硝酸水溶液中处理2-5分钟,然后用水清洗;
(9)氧化处理;
(10)将疏水涂料涂覆在工件表面,经过6-8小时固化,形成防腐疏水表面。
步骤(2)中,均质加热温度:530±10℃,保温8小时,风冷+水冷降温至室温。
步骤(3)中,挤压温度510-520℃,出口温度515-520℃,挤压速度2±0.5m/min。
步骤(3)中,淬火速度300-320℃/分。
步骤(4)中,拉伸率1.5~3.0%,时效170~185℃10小时。
步骤(7)中,在60-80℃含0.1-0.6M偏铝酸钠和0.2M-0.4M氢氧化钠的水溶液中处理3分钟。
步骤(8)中,所述硝酸水溶液质量浓度为12%,温度为20-30℃。
步骤(9)中,所述氧化处理为将工件放入质量浓度为10%的硫酸溶液中,通入2A/dm2的电流,温度25℃,时间5分钟,取出水洗烘干。
步骤(10)中,所述的疏水涂料由按重量份的以下成分组成:WN-2 型氟化丙烯酸树脂40-50份、三聚磷酸铝15-30份、气相法白炭黑0.5-2份、氢化蓖麻油0.5-1份、二甲苯8-15份、醋酸乙酯5-10份。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明工艺得到的产品抗拉强度≥420MPa、屈服强度≥320MPa、伸长率≥18%、布氏硬度≥100HB、电导率≥27MS/m、耐腐蚀、耐侯性能好,能有效抵抗高湿度、侵蚀性盐离子对铝合金工件的腐蚀破坏作用,生产工艺稳定。
硅(Si)可提高高温时的支撑强度;镁(Mg)可以显著提高散热片的屈服强度,提高整体强度 ;锌(Zn)可以降低铝合金腐蚀电位,从而起到电化学防腐蚀作用;锆(Zr)可以在铝合金中形成 ZrAl3,可以对晶粒起到钉扎作用;锶(Sr)可以在基体内弥散均匀分布的组织,改善材料的力学性能。少量的Cu与主要强化成分Si、Mg结合,使力学性能显著提高,可使力学性能接近硬铝的性能,Cu又可中和Ti对导电率的不良影响;Mn参与强化作用,又可消除Fe的不良影响并可细化晶粒,使合金组织均匀、综合性能提高,该成分优化设计,使得棒材合格率在93%以上。
具体实施方式:
为了更好地理解本发明,下面用具体实例来详细说明本发明的技术方案,但是本发明并不局限于此。
实施例1
本发明的一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺,具体为一种电力设备用管材,依次包括以下步骤:
(1)成分优化,铝合金铸锭中元素的质量百分比如下:Si为1.2%,Fe为0.2%,Cu为0.03%,Mn为0.9%,Mg为0.7%,Sr 0.03%,Cr为≤0.1%,Zn为0.5%,Ti为≤0.10%,单个杂质≤0.05%,合计杂质≤0.15%,其余为Al;
(2)均质处理;均质加热温度:530±10℃,保温8小时,风冷+水冷降温至室温。
(3)挤压,淬火;挤压温度520℃,出口温度515-520℃,挤压速度2±0.5m/min。淬火速度300-320℃/分。
(4)拉伸后时效处理;拉伸率2%,时效180℃10小时。
(5)空冷+水冷至室温得工件;
(6)将工件依次用水、丙酮、水清洗;
(7)在60-80℃含0.5M偏铝酸钠和0.2M氢氧化钠的水溶液中处理3分钟。
(8)再在硝酸水溶液中处理3分钟,然后用水清洗;所述硝酸水溶液质量浓度为12%,温度为20℃。
(9)氧化处理;所述氧化处理为将工件放入质量浓度为10%的硫酸溶液中,通入2A/dm2的电流,温度25℃,时间5分钟,取出水洗烘干。
(10)将疏水涂料涂覆在工件表面,经过6-8小时固化,形成防腐疏水表面。所述的疏水涂料由按重量份的以下成分组成:WN-2 型氟化丙烯酸树脂45份、三聚磷酸铝20份、气相法白炭黑1份、氢化蓖麻油0.8份、二甲苯10份、醋酸乙酯8份,温度30℃。
本发明工艺得到的产品抗拉强度456MPa、屈服强度330MPa、伸长率19.8%、布氏硬度≥100HB、电导率≥27MS/m、耐腐蚀、耐侯性能好,能有效抵抗高湿度、侵蚀性盐离子对铝合金工件的腐蚀破坏作用,生产工艺稳定。
根据JB/T 6743-2013防护层耐中性盐雾实验符合2级规定,根据GB/T2423.4-2008防护层的耐交变湿热试验符合2级规定。
硅(Si)可提高高温时的支撑强度;镁(Mg)可以显著提高散热片的屈服强度,提高整体强度 ;锌(Zn)可以降低铝合金腐蚀电位,从而起到电化学防腐蚀作用;锆(Zr)可以在铝合金中形成 ZrAl3,可以对晶粒起到钉扎作用;锶(Sr)可以在基体内弥散均匀分布的组织,改善材料的力学性能。少量的Cu与主要强化成分Si、Mg结合,使力学性能显著提高,可使力学性能接近硬铝的性能,Cu又可中和Ti对导电率的不良影响;Mn参与强化作用,又可消除Fe的不良影响并可细化晶粒,使合金组织均匀、综合性能提高,该成分优化设计,使得棒材合格率在93%以上。

Claims (9)

1.一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺,其特征在于,依次包括以下步骤:
(1)成分优化,铝合金铸锭中元素的质量百分比如下:Si为0.7%~1.3%,Fe为0.2~0.4%,Cu为0.02~0.04%,Mn为0.6%~1.0%,Mg为0.6%~0.8%,Sr 0.02~0.05%,Cr为≤0.25%,Zn为0.1-0.6%,Ti为≤0.10%,单个杂质≤0.05%,合计杂质≤0.15%,其余为Al;
(2)均质处理;
(3)挤压,淬火;
(4)拉伸后时效处理;
(5)空冷+水冷至室温得工件;
(6)将工件依次用水、丙酮、水清洗;
(7)在含偏铝酸钠和氢氧化钠的水溶液中处理20-30分钟,然后用水清洗;
(8)再在硝酸水溶液中处理2-5分钟,然后用水清洗;
(9)氧化处理;
(10)将疏水涂料涂覆在工件表面,经过6-8小时固化,形成防腐疏水表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,均质加热温度:530±10℃,保温8小时,风冷+水冷降温至室温。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,挤压温度510-520℃,出口温度515-520℃,挤压速度2±0.5m/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,淬火速度300-320℃/分。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,拉伸率1.5~3.0%,时效170~185℃10小时。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(7)中,在60-80℃含0.1-0.6M偏铝酸钠和0.2M-0.4M氢氧化钠的水溶液中处理3分钟。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(8)中,所述硝酸水溶液质量浓度为12%,温度为20-30℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(9)中,所述氧化处理为将工件放入质量浓度为10%的硫酸溶液中,通入2A/dm2的电流,温度25℃,时间5分钟,取出水洗烘干。
9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种海洋环境下电力设备用铝合金制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(10)中,所述的疏水涂料由按重量份的以下成分组成:WN-2 型氟化丙烯酸树脂40-50份、三聚磷酸铝15-30份、气相法白炭黑0.5-2份、氢化蓖麻油0.5-1份、二甲苯8-15份、醋酸乙酯5-10份。
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CN109652688A (zh) * 2019-02-21 2019-04-19 苏州铭德铝业有限公司 一种6082铝合金型材的生产方法
CN110172653A (zh) * 2019-01-31 2019-08-27 苏州铭恒金属科技有限公司 一种提高铝合金铸锭的电导率的均质方法以及由该均质方法制得的铝合金铸锭
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CN108034980A (zh) * 2017-11-27 2018-05-15 福建奋安铝业有限公司 铝型材表面镀膜装置、用该装置对铝型材表面镀膜的方法
CN108034980B (zh) * 2017-11-27 2019-04-26 福建奋安铝业有限公司 铝型材表面镀膜装置、用该装置对铝型材表面镀膜的方法
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CN111020252A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2020-04-17 绵阳市天铭机械有限公司 一种铝合金板材的加工工艺
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