CN106977978B - 一种水溶性近红外单硫代方酸染料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种水溶性近红外单硫代方酸染料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106977978B CN106977978B CN201710236644.4A CN201710236644A CN106977978B CN 106977978 B CN106977978 B CN 106977978B CN 201710236644 A CN201710236644 A CN 201710236644A CN 106977978 B CN106977978 B CN 106977978B
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- SCVJRXQHFJXZFZ-KVQBGUIXSA-N 2-amino-9-[(2r,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3h-purine-6-thione Chemical compound C1=2NC(N)=NC(=S)C=2N=CN1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SCVJRXQHFJXZFZ-KVQBGUIXSA-N 0.000 title description 4
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- C09B57/007—Squaraine dyes
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水溶性近红外单硫代方酸染料及其制备方法和应用,其制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)将氧代方酸染料和劳森试剂混合,溶于适当的溶剂,N2保护下回流数小时;(2)冷却至室温,减压除去溶剂,得粗产品;(3)经硅胶柱层析纯化,得近红外单硫代方酸染料产物。该单硫代方酸染料稳定性好,光学性能优异,位于中心四元环的硫原子可以有效地捕获溶液中的汞离子,引发染料吸收光谱和荧光光谱的改变,故可作为检测汞离子的荧光探针。氧醚链侧链的引入有效地提高了探针在纯水体系的溶解度,并且具有较好的生物相容性和细胞通透性,较低的生物毒性,可用于细胞及斑马鱼活体内汞离子的成像检测,且表现出较好的汞离子检测灵敏度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分析化学领域,具体涉及一种可用于检测纯水相介质和细胞及斑马鱼活体内汞离子的近红外单硫代方酸染料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
发达的工业在给人类生活带来各种便利的同时,其副产物工业垃圾又在很大程度上破坏着生态环境的和谐和人类的身心健康。频发的安全事件使得科学界开始致力于各种污染物的研究,其中汞污染由于其强大的危害性成了污染界的污染明星和科研界主要研究对象之一。各种自然和人为因素,包括海洋和火山喷发、固体废弃物的焚烧、金矿开采、矿物燃料的燃烧等,导致了环境中汞污染的广泛存在。无机汞一旦循环至海洋环境中,会被细菌转化为甲基汞进入到生物体内(Nolan, E. M.; Lippard, S. J. A "turn-on"fluorescent sensor for the selective detection of mercuric ion in aqueousmedia. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2003, 125(47), 14270-14271.)。由于汞污染的长期性和富集性,存留在生物体内的汞会造成一些神经中毒性疾病,如产前脑损伤,各种认知和运动失常以及水俣病等(Tchounwou, P. B.; Ayensu, W. K.; Ninashvili, N.; Sutton, D.Environmental exposure to mercury and its toxicopathologic implications forpublic health.Environ. Toxicol.2003, 18(3), 149-175. Kim, H. N.; Ren, W. X.;Kim, J. S.; Yoon, J. Fluorescent and colorimetric sensors for detection oflead, cadmium, and mercury ions.Chem. Soc. Rev.2012, 41(8), 3210-3244.)。因此,Hg2+的检测对于环境保护和人类健康具有极其重要的意义。
目前,已有的Hg2+分析方法有多种,如电感耦合等离子体质谱法(Karunasagar,D.; Arunachalam, J.; Gangadharan, S. Development of a ‘collect and punch’cold vapour inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric method for thedirect determination of mercury at nanograms per litre levels. Anal. At. Spectrom.1998, 13(7), 679-682. Walker, G. S.; Ridd, M. J.; Brunskill, G. J. Acomparison of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry andinductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for determination of mercury ingreat barrier reef sediments. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.1996, 10(1), 96-99.)、原子吸收/发射光谱法(Llobet, J. M.; Falco, G.; Casas, C.; Teixido, A.;Domingo, J.L. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in commonfoods and estimated daily intake by children, adolescents, adults, andseniors of Catalonia, Spain. J. Agric. Food Chem.2003, 51(3), 838-842.)、电化学法等(Alves, G. M. S.; Magalhães, J. M. C. S.; Salaün, P.; van den Berg, C.M. G; Soares, H. M. V. M. Simultaneous electrochemical determination ofarsenic, copper, lead and mercury in unpolluted fresh waters using avibrating gold microwire electrode. Anal. Chim. Acta2011, 703(1), 1-7.),但这些检测方法往往对仪器的设备要求很高。荧光光谱法,由于其灵敏度高、选择性好、仪器操作简单等优点越来越受到科研工作者的关注。
方酸染料是由方酸与富电子芳基化合物或胺类化合物缩合生成的1,3-二取代衍生物,是一类具有共振稳定的两性离子型结构的染料(Ajayaghosh, A.Chemistry ofsquaraine-derived materials: near-IR dyes, low band gap systems, and cationsensors. Acc. Chem. Res. 2005, 38(6), 449-459.)。该类化合物的显著特征是在可见光区至近红外光区(620-670 nm)有窄而强的吸收带和较高的量子产率,摩尔吸光系数大于105 L•mol-1•cm-1。这种光电特性主要来源于分子内强烈的供体-受体-供体(donor-acceptor-donor)间的电荷迁移作用。由于其兼有优异的荧光发射性能和电化学性能,良好的光学稳定性,易修饰等特点,在新一代化学小分子探针的设计上具有广阔的应用前景。
近年来开发具有高灵敏度、高选择性的荧光化学传感器用于生物体内Hg2+的检测一直是一个热门的课题。化学剂量计是基于不可逆化学反应实现对Hg2+的检测,因而具有更高的选择性和灵敏度。其中汞诱导脱硫反应是一类广泛应用的设计Hg2+化学剂量计的反应(Gong, Y.-J.; Zhang, X.-B.; Chen, Z.; Yuan, Y.; Jin, Z.; Mei, L.; Zhang, J.;Tan, W.-H.; Shen, G.-L.; Yu, R.-Q. An efficient rhodamine thiospirolactam-based fluorescent probe for detection of Hg2+ in aqueous samples.Analyst2012,137(4), 932-938. Zhang, X.; Xiao, Y.; Qian, X. A ratiometric fluorescentprobe based on FRET for imaging Hg2+ ions in living cells.Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2008, 47(42), 8025-8029.)。本发明通过对方酸染料的结构进行优化,合成所述的单硫代方酸染料,该染料具有良好的水溶性,在pH为7.0的PBS缓冲体系中自组装形成聚集态,导致荧光猝灭。基于汞离子诱导脱硫反应,向所述染料的水溶液中加入汞离子导致单硫代方酸染料脱硫,基于染料聚集状态的改变,体系荧光增强,而加入其它金属离子体系荧光几乎无变化,从而实现对汞离子的特异性检测。该探针具有较好的生物相容性和细胞通透性,较低的生物毒性,可用于细胞及斑马鱼活体内汞离子的成像检测,且表现出较好的汞离子检测灵敏度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可用于检测纯水相介质和细胞及斑马鱼活体内汞离子的近红外单硫代方酸染料及其制备方法和应用,该方酸染料稳定性好,光学性能优异,通过在苯胺侧链引入氧醚链有效地提高了染料的水溶性,基于汞离子诱导脱硫反应,将方酸染料中心四元环上的一个氧原子取代为硫原子,实现对汞离子的特异性响应,获得一个性能优异的汞离子荧光探针。该探针具有较好的生物相容性和细胞通透性,较低的生物毒性,可用于细胞及斑马鱼活体内汞离子的成像检测,且表现出较好的汞离子检测灵敏度。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种水溶性近红外单硫代方酸染料的结构式如下:
。
制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将氧代方酸染料和劳森试剂混合,溶于溶剂,N2保护下回流;
(2)冷却至室温,减压除去溶剂,得粗产品;
(3)经硅胶柱层析纯化,得到所述的近红外单硫代方酸染料。
步骤(1)中溶剂为无水甲苯,回流时间为15小时;步骤(3)中硅胶柱层析所用的洗脱剂为体积比为100:1的二氯甲烷和甲醇的混合溶液。
所述的氧代方酸染料的合成方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将苯胺衍生物和方酸混合,溶于溶剂,N2保护下回流分水;
(2)冷却至室温,减压除去溶剂,得粗产品;
(3)经溶剂洗涤纯化,得到所述的氧代方酸染料
。
步骤(1)中溶剂为体积比为2:1的正丁醇和苯,回流时间为4小时;步骤(3)中所用的洗涤剂为石油醚。
所述的苯胺衍生物的合成方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将间氨基苯酚与对甲苯磺酸酯、碳酸钠混合,溶于溶剂,加热回流反应;
(2)冷却至室温,倒入盛有冰水的烧杯中,用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相用水和饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤后浓缩除去溶剂得粗产物;
(3)经硅胶柱层析纯化,得到所述的苯胺衍生物。
步骤(1)中溶剂为体积比为1:1的异丙醇和水的混合溶剂,回流温度85℃,反应时间48小时;步骤(3)中硅胶柱层析所用的梯度洗脱剂为体积比为3:2及1:1的石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶液。
所述的对甲苯磺酸酯的合成方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将二乙二醇单甲醚、对甲苯磺酰氯TsCl和吡啶溶于溶剂,加热回流反应;
(2)冷却至室温,用水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,经干燥后,除去溶剂得粗产物;
(3)经硅胶柱层析纯化,得到对甲苯磺酸酯。
步骤(1)中溶剂为二氯甲烷,回流反应温度40℃,时间30小时;步骤(3)中硅胶柱层析所用的洗脱剂为体积比为4:1的石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶液。
所述的近红外单硫代方酸染料作为汞离子的荧光探针,用于纯水相介质中的汞离子检测以及用于细胞内及斑马鱼活体内的汞离子的成像检测。
本发明通过向苯胺侧链的氮接入氧醚链,可以调节染料的溶解性能和聚集行为,从而影响染料的光物理性质。基于汞离子诱导脱硫反应,将方酸染料中心四元环上的一个氧原子以硫原子取代,得到与汞离子有特异响应的荧光探针。该探针具有较好的生物相容性和细胞通透性,较低的生物毒性,可用于细胞及斑马鱼活体内汞离子的成像检测,且表现出较好的汞离子检测灵敏度。
本发明涉及的近红外方酸染料具有如下特征:染料的最大吸收位于652-658 nm,具有很高的摩尔吸光系数和荧光量子产率。不同比例的乙醇/水溶液中,染料的吸收强度会随含水量增加而逐渐降低。当体系中含水量增加至80%时,染料吸收光谱仅有微小变化。当含水量增加至90%时,652 nm处的单体吸收峰明显降低,562 nm左右处出现了聚集态的吸收峰,在700-800 nm出现尾峰。随着乙醇/水混合溶剂中含水量的继续增加,单体的吸收峰强度降低,聚集态吸收峰强度增强。这表明,相比其它方酸染料,所述的单硫代方酸染料的水溶性和抗聚集能力得到了显著提高。
本发明的显著优点在于:该单硫代方酸染料荧光探针稳定性好,光学性能优异。探针在纯水相介质中对汞离子具有非常高的灵敏度,通过荧光光谱分析,在PBS缓冲溶液中,对于Hg2+的检测限为1.2×10-9 M(3σ/k)。同时,在水相介质中(如水、生物缓冲液、水溶性有机溶剂等)均表现出很高的汞离子专一选择性,碱金属(Li+, Na+, K+),碱土金属(Mg2+, Ca2 +, Ba2+)及其它金属离子(Fe3+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ag+, Sr2+, Al3+, Mn2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Cu2 +)均对Hg2+的检测没有影响。通过荧光共聚焦显微成像分析,该荧光探针具有较好的细胞渗透性,在细胞内同样表现出较好的汞离子检测灵敏度,且无明显的细胞毒害作用,可用于细胞及斑马鱼活体内汞离子的成像检测。
附图说明
图1是浓度为2.0 μM的单硫代方酸染料在不同比例的乙醇/水的吸收光谱变化图。
图2是浓度为2.0 μM的单硫代方酸染料在PBS缓冲溶液中对金属离子的荧光光谱响应。
图3是浓度为2.0 μM的单硫代方酸染料在PBS缓冲溶液中阴离子的存在对体系荧光光谱的影响图。
图4是浓度为2.0 μM的单硫代方酸染料在PBS缓冲溶液中阴离子竞争实验的荧光光谱图。
图5是浓度为2.0 μM的单硫代方酸染料在PBS缓冲溶液中对汞离子的吸收光谱滴定图。
图6是浓度为2.0 μM的单硫代方酸染料在PBS缓冲溶液中对汞离子的荧光光谱滴定图,插图:检测体系在657 nm处的荧光强度随汞离子浓度变化的趋势图(λex = 630 nm,PMT = 600 V, slit = 5 nm/5 nm)。
图7是浓度为2.0 μM的单硫代方酸染料的荧光强度在汞离子浓度为 0.06-0.18 µM范围内657 nm处变化趋势图。
图8是单硫代方酸染料在细胞内对汞离子检测的激光共聚焦成像图,其中(a)和(b)为只有探针时的明场图和暗场图,(c)和(d)为继续用含汞离子的细胞培养液孵育的明场图和暗场图。
图9是单硫代方酸染料在斑马鱼活体内对汞离子检测的激光共聚焦成像图,其中(a)和(b)为只有探针时的明场图和暗场图,(c)和(d)为继续用含汞离子的PBS缓冲溶液孵育的明场图和暗场图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
的制备:
将100 mL三口瓶置于0℃的冰水浴中,二乙二醇单甲醚(3.52mL,3.60 g,30 mmol)、吡啶(2.41 mL,2.37 g,30 mmol)溶于60 mL的二氯甲烷,然后缓慢滴加溶有对甲苯磺酰氯TsCl(6.35 g,33 mmol)的CH2Cl2 溶液约20 mL。滴加结束后,搅拌加热至40℃,反应时间约30小时。反应完毕,将混合液转移至250 mL的分液漏斗中,50 mL二次水洗涤三次,无水Na2SO4干燥有机相,过滤除去Na2SO4,减压蒸除去溶剂,得粗产物。硅胶柱提纯,以硅胶为填料,用体积比4:1的石油醚∶乙酸乙酯为淋洗剂,柱层析分离提纯粗产品,得无色液体5.15 g,产率63%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.65 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H),7.22 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 4.03 (t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.54 (t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2H),3.42 (t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (t, J = 4.4 Hz, 2H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s,3H); 13CNMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 144.82, 132.85, 129.80, 127.79, 71.63, 70.39,69.31, 68.48, 58.75, 21.42.
实施例2
苯胺衍生物的制备
在100 mL三口烧瓶中加入间氨基苯酚(196 mg,1.80 mmol),对甲苯磺酸酯(988 mg,3.60 mmol),碳酸钠(267 mg,2.52 mmol),溶于30 mL体积比为1:1的异丙醇和水的混合溶剂中,在N2的保护下搅拌加热至85℃,回流反应48小时,TLC跟踪至原料点完全消失。反应结束后,减压除去异丙醇,将残留物转移至250 mL的分液漏斗中,加入少量的饱和食盐水,然后用约100 mL的二氯甲烷多次萃取,合并有机相。无水MgSO4干燥旋蒸除去二氯甲烷,得粗产物。硅胶柱提纯,洗脱剂为石油醚:乙酸乙酯(3:2=v/v),分离出杂质和单取代组分,再将洗脱剂极性增大为石油醚:乙酸乙酯(1:1=v/v),分离出双取代组分,分别得到淡黄色的单取代间羟基苯胺衍生物221 mg,产率为58%;淡黄色的双取代间羟基苯胺衍生物235 mg,产率为42%。目标的双取代产物的结构表征如下:1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.01 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.23 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 6.17 (d, J=8.1Hz, 1H), 3.60 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 8H), 3.53 (dd, J=13.4, 6.4 Hz, 8H), 3.39 (s, 6H);13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 157.43, 149.29, 130.21, 104.02, 103.42, 99.02,72.02, 70.48, 68.44, 58.92, 50.99.
实施例3
所述的方酸染料的制备:
在100 mL的三口瓶中加入方酸(38.8 mg, 0.34 mmol),30 mL正丁醇和15 mL苯,N2保护下加热分水回流1小时,缓慢滴加2.0 mL正丁醇溶解的苯胺衍生物(281 mg, 0.90mmol)溶液,分水回流反应约4小时, TLC跟踪反应至原料的消失停止反应。使用石油醚洗涤三次,得到蓝色的化合物,产品质量为180 mg,产率为75%,熔点为153-154°C。FRIR (KBr):νmax 2874, 2811, 1623, 1568, 1530, 1431, 1402, 1344, 1267, 1234, 1183, 1115,815, 781, 746 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.02 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 0.6H), 7.87(d, J=9.2 Hz, 1.4H), 6.42 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 2H), 6.17 (s, 2H), 3.71 (dd, J=11.5,4.5 Hz, 16H), 3.62-3.59 (m, 8H), 3.54-3.51 (m, 8H), 3.38 (s, 12H); 13C NMR δ(100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 182.92, 173.33, 164.68, 156.93, 132.49, 110.29, 107.96,98.94, 71.94, 70.78, 68.56, 59.11, 51.69; ESI-MS: m/z 727.6 ([M+Na]+); HRMS(ESI): calcd for C36H53N2O12 ([M+H]+): 705.3599, found: 705.3646; calcd forC36H52N2NaO12 ([M+Na]+): 727.3418, found: 727.3464.
实施例4
所述的近红外单硫代方酸染料的制备:
在50 mL的三口瓶中加入氧代方酸染料(105 mg, 0.15 mmol)和劳森试剂(121mg, 0.30 mmol)在30 mL无水甲苯中加热回流15小时,停止反应,选用二氯甲烷:甲醇(100:1,v/v)进行色谱分离,得到绿色化合物,产品质量为57 mg,产率为53%,熔点125-127°C。FRIR (KBr): νmax 3456, 2875, 1685, 1611, 1396, 1343, 1282, 1223, 1192, 1114,808, 720, 648 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.78 (s, 0.6H), 11.72 (s,0.6H), 11.11 (s, 0.8H), 9.23 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 0.8H), 8.95 (d, J = 9.4 Hz,0.6H), 8.18 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 0.6H), 6.55-6.35 (m, 2H), 6.17 (d, J = 7.6 Hz,2H), 3.72 (dd, J = 14.7, 4.7 Hz, 16H), 3.60 (dd, J = 5.5, 3.3 Hz, 8H), 3.52(dd, J = 6.0, 3.0 Hz, 8H), 3.38 (s, 12H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 202.04,197.31, 185.31, 184.97, 180.60, 178.30, 176.00, 164.80, 164.55, 164.12,157.38, 157.34, 157.18, 134.40, 132.43, 131.51, 111.15, 111.01, 110.53,107.81, 107.71, 107.62, 99.66, 98.91, 98.82, 71.92, 70.79, 68.56, 59.10,51.76; ESI-MS: m/z 721.7 ([M+H]+), 743.6 ([M+Na]+); HRMS(ESI): calcd forC36H53N2O11S ([M+H]+): 721.3370, found: 721.3373; calcd for C36H52N2NaO11S ([M+Na]+):743.3190, found: 743.3191.
所述的染料的最大吸收位于652-658 nm,具有很高的摩尔吸光系数和荧光量子产率。方酸染料在水溶液中易发生自聚集,溶剂的极性和溶剂的成分对染料的光谱性质具有很大的影响。水具有较大的介电常数,能有效地减少分子聚集堆积时同种电荷的排斥,有利于染料分子的聚集。聚集会引起染料吸收光谱的变化及荧光的猝灭。图1为2.0 μM的单硫代方酸染料在不同含水量的乙醇溶液中的吸收光谱。在不同比例的乙醇/水溶液中,染料的吸收强度会随含水量增加而逐渐降低。当体系中含水量增加至80%时,染料吸收光谱仅有微小变化。当含水量增加至90%时,652 nm处的单体吸收峰明显降低,562 nm左右处出现了聚集态的吸收峰,在700-800 nm出现尾峰。随着乙醇/水混合溶剂中含水量的继续增加,单体的吸收峰强度降低,聚集态吸收峰强度增强。这表明,相比其它方酸染料,所述的单硫代方酸染料的水溶性和抗聚集能力得到了显著提高。
选择性是评价化学传感器性能优异与否的一项指标。在含2.0 μM染料的pH为7.0的PBS缓冲溶液中,分别加入20当量碱金属(Li+, Na+, K+),碱土金属(Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+)及其它金属离子(Fe3+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ag+, Sr2+, Al3+, Mn2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Hg2+)。如图2所示,除了Hg2+,其它金属离子的存在并没有导致较大程度的荧光增强。说明所述的单硫代方酸染料对Hg2+具有特异性识别,表现出良好的选择性。
在实际应用中,有可能存在一系列复杂物质的干扰。阴离子的存在可能会对体系本身的稳定性和Hg2+的检测产生一定程度的影响。图3为pH在7.0的PBS缓冲溶液中一系列20当量阴离子(SCN-, S2O3 2-, S2-, SO4 2-, I-, ClO4 -, CH3COO-, NO3 -, HCO3 -, CO3 2-, NO2 -)对体系荧光光谱的影响。上述各种阴离子的存在并没有导致明显的荧光光谱变化。因此可以推断所述的单硫代方酸染料自身不与阴离子发生相互作用。图4为与Hg2+等当量的阴离子存在条件下的竞争性实验。从图中可以明显发现除了S2O3 2-, I-的存在会对Hg2+的检测产生一些干扰,包括与Hg2+具有较强相互作用的S2-在内的其它阴离子并没有对Hg2+的检测产生显著的干扰,而实际体系中S2O3 2-, I-的含量较低,其存在不会对Hg2+检测产生明显干扰。
为了进一步研究所述的单硫代方酸染料对汞离子的定量检测,开展了对汞离子的吸收光谱和荧光光谱滴定实验。图5是浓度为2.0 μM的单硫代方酸染料在pH为7.0的PBS缓冲溶液中对汞离子的吸收光谱滴定图。如图5所示,在不断滴加Hg2+的过程中,652 nm处的吸收峰紫移到638 nm处且吸光度逐渐增强,而448 nm和562 nm处的吸光度逐渐减弱,700-800nm范围内的尾峰消失。图6为单硫代方酸染料在pH为7.0的PBS缓冲溶液体系中Hg2+滴定荧光光谱的变化。明显可以看到随着Hg2+的浓度增大,体系的荧光强度逐渐增强,当Hg2+浓度大于1.0 µM荧光强度不再变化,说明Hg2+滴定已经达到饱和。从荧光滴定光谱中选择汞离子浓度范围在0.06-0.18 µM的七个点,得到一系列汞离子浓度与荧光强度的工作曲线(R2=0.996, k=1.8×109)。标准偏差的确定是在相同的测试条件下通过平行扫描空白溶液七次,通过公式计算得到标准偏差σ约为0.73。根据公式(3σ/k)求得所述的单硫代方酸染料对于Hg2+的检测限为1.2×10-9 M(图7)。
通过共聚焦显微成像技术,进一步研究所述的单硫代方酸染料在生物体内的实际应用。将培养好的两组HeLa细胞用PBS缓冲溶液洗涤三次,用含有探针(2.0 µM)的细胞培养液培养1.0小时后,使用PBS缓冲溶液洗涤三次,其中一组加入培养液后用于细胞成像(图8a, b);另外一组用含有汞(40 µM)的细胞培养液培养1.5小时;使用PBS缓冲溶液洗涤三次,加入培养液后用于细胞成像(图8c, d)。从图8中可以看出,该荧光探针具有良好的细胞渗透率,无明显的细胞毒性,可以在细胞内对汞离子实现很好的检测响应,获得良好的细胞成像图。
我们选用5天龄的斑马鱼幼体为模型利用激光共聚焦显微镜来研究所述的单硫代方酸染料对生物活体内的Hg2+的荧光成像。由图9b可以看出,5天龄的斑马鱼经4 µM的染料孵育20分钟后,只能观察到十分微弱的荧光信号,而5天龄的斑马鱼依次经4 µM的染料孵育20分钟,10 µM的Hg2+孵育10分钟后,可以观察到很强的荧光(图9d)。该荧光探针可以在活体内对汞离子实现很好的检测响应,获得良好的成像图。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种水溶性近红外单硫代方酸染料的应用,其特征在于:所述水溶性近红外单硫代方酸染料的结构式如下:
;
所述水溶性近红外单硫代方酸染料作为荧光响应的汞离子探针,用于纯水相介质中的汞离子检测以及用于细胞及斑马鱼活体内汞离子的成像检测。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述水溶性近红外单硫代方酸染料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 将氧代方酸染料和劳森试剂混合,溶于溶剂,N2保护下回流;
( 2 ) 冷却至室温,减压除去溶剂,得粗产品;
( 3 ) 经硅胶柱层析纯化,得到所述的近红外单硫代方酸染料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤(1)中溶剂为无水甲苯,回流时间为15小时;步骤(3)中硅胶柱层析所用的洗脱剂为体积比为100:1的二氯甲烷和甲醇的混合溶液。
4.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的氧代方酸染料的合成方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将苯胺衍生物和方酸混合,溶于溶剂,N2保护下回流分水;
(2)冷却至室温,减压除去溶剂,得粗产品;
(3)粗产品经多次洗涤,得到所述的氧代方酸染料
。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤(1)中溶剂为体积比为2:1的正丁醇和苯,回流时间为4小时;步骤(3)中洗涤剂为石油醚。
6.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的苯胺衍生物的合成方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将间氨基苯酚与对甲苯磺酸酯、碳酸钠混合,溶于溶剂,加热回流反应;
(2)冷却至室温,倒入盛有冰水的烧杯中,用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相用水和饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤后浓缩除去溶剂得粗产物;
(3)经硅胶柱层析纯化,得到所述的苯胺衍生物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤(1)中溶剂为体积比为1:1的异丙醇和水的混合溶剂,回流温度85℃,反应时间48小时;步骤(3)中硅胶柱层析所用的梯度洗脱剂为体积比为3:2及1:1的石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶液。
8.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的对甲苯磺酸酯的合成方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将二乙二醇单甲醚、对甲苯磺酰氯TsCl和吡啶溶于溶剂,加热回流反应;
(2)冷却至室温,用水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,经干燥后,除去溶剂得粗产物;
(3)经硅胶柱层析纯化,得到对甲苯磺酸酯。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤(1)中溶剂为二氯甲烷,回流反应温度40℃,时间30小时;步骤(3)中硅胶柱层析所用的洗脱剂为体积比为4:1的石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶液。
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