CN106972035B - 图像传感器及图像传感器制作方法 - Google Patents

图像传感器及图像传感器制作方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN106972035B
CN106972035B CN201610900028.XA CN201610900028A CN106972035B CN 106972035 B CN106972035 B CN 106972035B CN 201610900028 A CN201610900028 A CN 201610900028A CN 106972035 B CN106972035 B CN 106972035B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
silicide layer
disposed
semiconductor material
layer
image sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201610900028.XA
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN106972035A (zh
Inventor
刘乐群
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Omnivision Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Omnivision Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Omnivision Technologies Inc filed Critical Omnivision Technologies Inc
Publication of CN106972035A publication Critical patent/CN106972035A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN106972035B publication Critical patent/CN106972035B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144Devices controlled by radiation
    • H01L27/146Imager structures
    • H01L27/14601Structural or functional details thereof
    • H01L27/14636Interconnect structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144Devices controlled by radiation
    • H01L27/146Imager structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/28Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
    • H01L21/283Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
    • H01L21/285Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation
    • H01L21/28506Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers
    • H01L21/28512Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
    • H01L21/28518Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table the conductive layers comprising silicides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/30Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
    • H01L21/31Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
    • H01L21/3205Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
    • H01L21/32051Deposition of metallic or metal-silicide layers
    • H01L21/32053Deposition of metallic or metal-silicide layers of metal-silicide layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • H01L21/76801Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
    • H01L21/76802Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics
    • H01L21/76816Aspects relating to the layout of the pattern or to the size of vias or trenches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • H01L21/76838Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
    • H01L21/76841Barrier, adhesion or liner layers
    • H01L21/7685Barrier, adhesion or liner layers the layer covering a conductive structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • H01L21/76838Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
    • H01L21/76877Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • H01L21/76838Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
    • H01L21/76886Modifying permanently or temporarily the pattern or the conductivity of conductive members, e.g. formation of alloys, reduction of contact resistances
    • H01L21/76889Modifying permanently or temporarily the pattern or the conductivity of conductive members, e.g. formation of alloys, reduction of contact resistances by forming silicides of refractory metals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144Devices controlled by radiation
    • H01L27/146Imager structures
    • H01L27/14601Structural or functional details thereof
    • H01L27/1463Pixel isolation structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144Devices controlled by radiation
    • H01L27/146Imager structures
    • H01L27/14643Photodiode arrays; MOS imagers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144Devices controlled by radiation
    • H01L27/146Imager structures
    • H01L27/14683Processes or apparatus peculiar to the manufacture or treatment of these devices or parts thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144Devices controlled by radiation
    • H01L27/146Imager structures
    • H01L27/14683Processes or apparatus peculiar to the manufacture or treatment of these devices or parts thereof
    • H01L27/14689MOS based technologies
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • H01L21/76838Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
    • H01L21/76841Barrier, adhesion or liner layers
    • H01L21/76843Barrier, adhesion or liner layers formed in openings in a dielectric
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • H01L21/76838Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
    • H01L21/76841Barrier, adhesion or liner layers
    • H01L21/76853Barrier, adhesion or liner layers characterized by particular after-treatment steps
    • H01L21/76855After-treatment introducing at least one additional element into the layer

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种图像传感器及图像传感器制作方法。一种图像传感器包含安置于半导体材料中的光电二极管。所述光电二极管是形成为阵列的多个光电二极管中的一者。所述图像传感器还包含安置于所述半导体材料中的浮动扩散部,且所述浮动扩散部是邻近于所述多个光电二极管中的所述光电二极管而安置。转移栅极经安置以将在所述个别光电二极管中产生的图像电荷转移到所述浮动扩散部中。外围电路安置于所述半导体材料中且包含到所述半导体材料的第一电触点。第一硅化物层安置于所述浮动扩散部上,第二硅化物层安置于所述转移栅极上,且第三硅化物层安置于到所述半导体材料的所述第一电触点上。

Description

图像传感器及图像传感器制作方法
技术领域
本发明一般来说涉及图像传感器,且特定来说但非排他性地涉及电接触增强。
背景技术
图像传感器已变得普遍存在。其广泛用于数字静态相机、蜂窝式电话、安全相机以及医学、汽车及其它应用中。用于制造图像传感器的技术持续快速地发展。举例来说,对较高分辨率及较低电力消耗的需求已促进了这些装置的进一步小型化及整合。
半导体装置性能(包含图像传感器装置性能)与装置内所采用的金属-半导体结的类型直接相关。取决于金属的功函数及半导体的导电/价带边缘的位置,可形成具有广泛电特性的结。如果存在金属的功函数与半导体的导电/价带边缘的位置之间的实质不匹配,那么可形成肖特基(Schottky)势垒。虽然肖特基势垒的构造在其中期望半导体与金属之间的未受阻电荷转移的一些应用中(例如,在肖特基二极管、肖特基晶体管及金属-半导体场效应晶体管中)是合意的,但肖特基势垒可抑制装置性能。
发明内容
在一个方面中,本发明提供一种图像传感器,其包括:光电二极管,其安置于半导体材料中,其中所述光电二极管是形成阵列的多个光电二极管中的一者;浮动扩散部,其安置于所述半导体材料中,其中所述浮动扩散部是邻近于所述多个光电二极管中的所述光电二极管而安置;转移栅极,其经安置以将在所述光电二极管中产生的图像电荷转移到所述浮动扩散部中;外围电路,其安置于所述半导体材料中、包含到所述半导体材料的第一电触点;及安置于所述浮动扩散部上的第一硅化物层、安置于所述转移栅极上的第二硅化物层及安置于到所述半导体材料的所述第一电触点上的第三硅化物层。
在另一方面中,本发明提供图像传感器制作方法,其包括:提供安置于半导体材料中的包含于多个光电二极管中的光电二极管,及安置于所述半导体材料中的浮动扩散部;提供包含到所述半导体材料的第一电触点的安置于所述半导体材料中的外围电路;形成经安置以将图像电荷从所述光电二极管转移到所述浮动扩散部的转移栅极;及形成安置于所述浮动扩散部上的第一硅化物层、安置于所述转移栅极上的第二硅化物层及安置于到所述半导体材料的所述第一电触点上的第三硅化物层。
附图说明
参考以下各图来描述本发明的非限制性及非穷尽性实例,其中除非另有规定,否则遍及各个视图,相似参考编号指代相似部件。
图1A是根据本发明的教示的实例性图像传感器的俯视图的图解说明。
图1B是根据本发明的教示的图1A的实例性图像传感器的横截面图解说明。
图2是图解说明根据本发明的教示的包含图1A及1B的图像传感器的成像系统的一项实例的框图。
图3A到3D展示根据本发明的教示的用于形成图1A及1B的图像传感器的实例性过程。
遍及图式的数个视图,对应参考字符指示对应组件。所属领域的技术人员将了解,各图中的元件是为简单及清晰起见而图解说明的,且未必按比例绘制。举例来说,为帮助改进对本发明的各种实施例的理解,各图中的元件中的一些元件的尺寸可能相对于其它元件被夸大。并且,通常未描绘在商业上可行实施例中有用或必需的常见而众所周知的元件以便促进对本发明的这些各种实施例的较不受阻挡的观察。
具体实施方式
本文中描述用于图像传感器接触增强的设备及方法的实例。在以下描述中,陈述众多特定细节以提供对实例的透彻理解。然而,相关领域的技术人员将认识到,可在无所述特定细节中的一或多者的情况下或借助其它方法、组件、材料等实践本文中所描述的技术。在其它实例中,为避免使特定方面模糊,未详细展示或描述众所周知的结构、材料或操作。
在本说明书通篇中对“一项实例”或“一个实施例”的提及意指结合所述实例所描述的特定特征、结构或特性包含于本发明的至少一项实例中。因此,在本说明书通篇的各个位置中出现的短语“在一项实例中”或“在一个实施例中”未必全部指代同一实例。此外,特定特征、结构或特性可以任何适合方式组合于一或多项实例中。
在本说明书通篇中,使用本技术领域中的数个术语。除非本文中明确定义或其使用的上下文将另有清楚地建议,否则这些术语应具有其所来自的技术领域中的普遍含义。应注意,元件名称及符号可在本文件内互换地使用(例如,Si与硅);然而,两者具有相同含义。
图1A是实例性图像传感器100的俯视图的图解说明。值得注意的是,图像传感器100的所描绘俯视图省略隔离层141、多个金属互连件131及栅极氧化物151以避免使下伏装置架构(参见下文图1B)模糊。在所描绘实例中,图像传感器100包含:半导体材料101、多个光电二极管103(布置成光电二极管阵列105)、转移栅极107、浮动扩散部109、硅化物层111及外围电路121。如所展示,多个光电二极管103布置成包含四个光电二极管103的阵列105。四个转移栅极107安置于多个光电二极管103的中心中且经定位以将图像电荷从多个光电二极管103转移到浮动扩散部109中。浮动扩散部109位于四个光电二极管103的中心中且为圆形。在一项实例中,转移栅极107包含多晶硅且可为经掺杂的。虽然所描绘实例展示四个光电二极管103,但在一或多项实例中,多个光电二极管103可包含耦合到浮动扩散部109的任何数目个光电二极管103,包含两个、六个及八个光电二极管。另外,光电二极管阵列105的定向可并非正方形,且可采取任何其它配置,例如圆形等等。此外,虽然在所描绘实例中,外围电路121安置于半导体材料101的右边缘上,但外围电路121可安置于围绕光电二极管阵列105的任何位置中且可环绕光电二极管阵列105。
图1B是图1A的实例性图像传感器100的如沿着线A-A’切割的横截面图解说明。在所描绘实例中,半导体材料101包含安置于半导体材料101中的多个光电二极管103,且多个光电二极管103形成阵列105。在许多实例中,多个光电二极管103可包含安置于栅极氧化物151与半导体材料101的界面处的p+钉扎层。浮动扩散部109安置于半导体材料101中,且浮动扩散部109是邻近于多个光电二极管103中的个别光电二极管103而安置。转移栅极107经安置以将在个别光电二极管103中产生的图像电荷转移到浮动扩散部109中。栅极氧化物151安置于转移栅极107与半导体材料101之间。应注意,外围电路121中的栅极氧化物151的厚度可不同于光电二极管阵列105中的栅极氧化物151的厚度。此外,在一或多项实例中,选择性蚀刻层可安置于栅极氧化物151上(在栅极氧化物151与隔离层141之间)以促进栅极氧化物151及下伏半导体材料101的选择性蚀刻。在所描绘实例中,转移栅极107的第一横向边缘安置于个别光电二极管103上面,且转移栅极107的第二横向边缘安置于浮动扩散部109上面。外围电路121也安置于半导体材料101中且包含到半导体材料101的第一电触点123。外围电路121还包含具有源极端子125及转移栅极108的晶体管112。在一项实例中,到半导体材料101的第一电触点123由可包含氧化物或重掺杂半导体材料的浅沟槽隔离部114隔离。
在所描绘实例中,第一硅化物层111b安置于浮动扩散部109上,第二硅化物层111c安置于转移栅极107上,且第三硅化物层111d安置于到半导体材料101的第一电触点123上以减小接触电阻。值得注意的是,硅化物层111a也为第二硅化物层(如同第二硅化物层111c)且安置于另一转移栅极107上。第一硅化物层111b、第二硅化物层111c及第三硅化物层111d可包含相同材料组合物。在一项实例中,全部三个硅化物层包含CoxSiy或NixSiy。然而,在另一实例中,所述硅化物层可包含TixSiy或任何其它适当硅或金属基化合物。应提及,在全部前述实例中,硅化物化学结构可采取理想化学计量配置(例如,CoSi2)或可由用于制造硅化物层的处理步骤所致的任何其它化学计量配置(例如,CoSi1.5)。另外,第一硅化物层111b、第二硅化物层111c及第三硅化物层111d可包含碳、氮或氧的植入元素以帮助防止金属向下伏电极结构中扩散。
如所展示,隔离层141(或多个隔离层)可接近于半导体材料101而安置,且转移栅极107安置于半导体材料101与隔离层141之间。在所描绘实例中,多个金属互连件131安置于隔离层141中且所述多个金属互连件电耦合到第一硅化物层111b、第二硅化物层111c及第三硅化物层111d。在一项实例中,多个金属互连件131包含铝、钨、铜或任何其它适合材料。金属互连件131的材料组合物可经调整以降低硅化物层与金属互连件131之间的接触电阻。
在图1B中所描绘的实例中,外围电路121可包含晶体管112、第四硅化物层111e及第五硅化物层111f。如所展示,第四硅化物层111e可安置于晶体管112的源极端子125上且第五硅化物层111f可安置于晶体管112的栅极108上以减小接触电阻。应注意,外围电路121可包含若干个其它电路,且可具有耦合到与所述若干个其它电路相关联的电极的其它硅化物层及互连件。例如,在一项实例中,外围电路121可包含控制电路及读出电路,其中控制电路控制多个光电二极管103的操作,且读出电路从多个光电二极管103读出图像数据。
虽然未描绘,但在一项实例中,彩色滤光器层可与多个光电二极管103光学对准。彩色滤光器层可包含红色、绿色及蓝色滤光器,其可布置成拜耳图案、EXR图案、X-trans图案等等。然而,在不同或相同实例中,彩色滤光器层可包含红外滤光器、紫外滤光器或隔离EM光谱的不可见部分的其它滤光器。在相同或不同实例中,微透镜层形成于彩色滤光器层上。微透镜层可由在彩色滤光器层的表面上图案化的光活性聚合物制作而成。一旦在彩色滤光器层的表面上图案化聚合物的矩形块体,便可将所述块体熔化(或回流)以形成微透镜的圆顶状结构特性。
在一或多项实例中,例如光电二极管之间的钉扎阱及电隔离结构等若干个其它装置架构可存在于图像传感器100中/上。在一项实例中,图像传感器100的内部组件可由电及/或光学隔离结构环绕。此可帮助减小图像传感器100中的噪声。电隔离可通过围绕个别光电二极管在半导体材料101中蚀刻隔离沟槽而完成,所述隔离沟槽可接着用半导体材料、氧化物材料等等来填充。光学隔离结构可通过在安置于彩色滤光器层下面的半导体材料101的表面上构造反射栅格而形成。光学隔离结构可与多个光电二极管光学对准。
在操作中,图像传感器100在光子到达多个光电二极管103时获取图像电荷。接着将转移信号施加到转移栅极107以将经积累图像电荷转移到浮动扩散部109中以读出到读出电路。由于几乎所有这些电通信均需要从半导体到金属触点或反之从金属触点到半导体的电荷转移,因此在半导体与金属之间进行良好电接触是必要的。根据本发明的教示的实例通过在半导体材料101与金属互连件131之间采用中间硅化物层而降低接触电阻且增强图像传感器性能。
图2是图解说明包含图1A及1B的图像传感器的成像系统的一项实例的框图。成像系统200包含像素阵列205、控制电路221、读出电路211及功能逻辑215。在一项实例中,像素阵列205是光电二极管或图像传感器像素(例如,像素P1、P2…、Pn)的二维(2D)阵列。如所图解说明,光电二极管布置成若干行(例如,行R1到Ry)及若干列(例如,列C1到Cx)以获取人、地点、对象等的图像数据,所述图像数据可接着用于再现人、地点、对象等的2D图像。然而,所述行及列不必为线性的且可取决于使用情形而采取其它形状。
在一项实例中,在像素阵列205中的每一图像传感器光电二极管/像素已获取其图像数据或图像电荷之后,所述图像数据由读出电路211读出且接着被转移到功能逻辑215。读出电路211可经耦合以从像素阵列205中的多个光电二极管读出图像数据且可包含于外围电路(例如,外围电路121)中。在各种实例中,读出电路211可包含放大电路、模/数(ADC)转换电路或其它电路。功能逻辑215可仅存储所述图像数据或甚至通过应用后图像效应(例如,剪裁、旋转、移除红眼、调整亮度、调整对比度或其它)来更改/操纵所述图像数据。在一项实例中,读出电路211可沿着读出列线(所图解说明)一次读出一行图像数据或可使用多种其它技术(未图解说明)读出所述图像数据,例如串行读出或所有像素的同时全并行读出。
在一项实例中,控制电路221耦合到像素阵列205以控制像素阵列205中的多个光电二极管的操作,且可包含于外围电路(例如,外围电路121)中。举例来说,控制电路221可产生用于控制图像获取的快门信号。在一项实例中,快门信号是用于同时启用像素阵列205内的所有像素以在单个获取窗期间同时捕获其相应图像数据的全局快门信号。在另一实例中,快门信号是滚动快门信号,使得在连续获取窗期间依序启用每一行像素、每一列像素或每一像素群组。在另一实例中,使图像获取与灯光效应(例如闪光)同步。
在一项实例中,成像系统200可包含于数字相机、移动电话、膝上型计算机等等中。另外,成像系统200可耦合到若干个其它硬件,例如处理器、存储器元件、输出(USB端口、无线发射器、HDMI端口等)、灯光器件/闪光器件、电输入(键盘、触摸显示器、跟踪垫、鼠标、麦克风等)及/或显示器。若干个其它硬件/软件可将指令递送到成像系统200、从成像系统200提取图像数据或操纵由成像系统200供应的图像数据。
图3A到3D展示用于形成图1A及1B的图像传感器(例如,图像传感器100)的实例性过程300。图3A到3D中的一些或所有图在过程300中出现的次序不应被认为是限制的。而是,受益于本发明的所属领域的技术人员将理解,可以未图解说明的多种次序或甚至并行地执行过程300中的一些过程。
图3A图解说明提供半导体材料301及在隔离层341中蚀刻接触孔。在所描绘实例中,提供半导体材料301,且所述半导体材料包含安置于半导体材料301中的多个光电二极管303及安置于半导体材料301中的浮动扩散部309。还提供外围电路321,且所述外围电路安置于半导体材料301中且包含到半导体材料301的第一电触点323。在形成图3A中所描绘的装置之前,形成转移栅极307,且转移栅极307经安置以将图像电荷从多个光电二极管303中的个别光电二极管303转移到浮动扩散部309。并且,在半导体材料301的表面上形成隔离层341。在一项实例中,在隔离层341中蚀刻接触孔可包含用光致抗蚀剂(负性的或正性的)将隔离层341的表面图案化及使用湿式蚀刻或干式蚀刻来实现所要接触孔。在所描绘实例中,接触孔从隔离层341的表面延伸到其相应电极。取决于所接触的电极,还可在栅极氧化物351中蚀刻接触孔。应注意,虽然在光电二极管阵列305区域中仅描绘三个接触孔且在外围电路321区域中仅描绘三个接触孔,但连接到若干个其它装置架构的多得多的接触孔可安置于两个区域中,这是因为图3A描绘高度简化的横截面图解说明。此外,值得注意的是,在一些实例中,选择性蚀刻停止层可安置于栅极氧化物351上以帮助促进蚀刻工艺。
图3B是通过将沉积材料送到接触孔中而在接触区上选择性沉积硅层310(例如,硅层310a到310f)的图解说明。在所描绘实例中,硅层310是牺牲性的,且硅层310将被植入元素(以防止金属向下伏结构中扩散)。硅层310随后在金属化工艺期间被完全消耗以形成硅化物层311。取决于待形成的金属硅化物的厚度,硅层310可在厚度上介于从数纳米到数十纳米的范围内。硅层310可使用原子层沉积、分子束外延、化学气相沉积等等来沉积。
图3C是植入杂质元素且消耗硅层310以形成硅化物层311的图解说明。在进行硅化之前,将例如碳、氮、氧等等的杂质植入于硅层310中,且所述杂质可防止金属向若干个下伏装置架构中扩散。此可经由低剂量离子植入工艺(例如,1014原子/cm3)实现。在杂质植入之后,经由金属化工艺完全消耗硅层310以形成金属硅化物。在一项实例中,金属化工艺可包含从硅层310移除自然氧化物层,在硅层310上气相沉积金属,进行热循环以将硅层310转化为金属-硅化合物(例如,CoSix),湿式清洁硅层310以移除未反应金属,及再次进行热循环以形成具有所要化学计量配置(例如,CoSi2)的金属-硅化合物。结果是第一硅化物层311b安置于接触孔中且安置于浮动扩散部309上,第二硅化物层311c安置于接触孔中且安置于转移栅极307上,且第三硅化物层311d安置于接触孔中且安置于到半导体材料301的第一电触点323(例如,p+触点)上。在所描绘实例中,第一硅化物层311b、第二硅化物层311c及第三硅化物层311d包含相同材料组合物,例如CoxSiy或NixSiy。然而,在不同实例中,硅化物层311可具有彼此当中不同的材料组合物,且可包含其它金属(例如Co、Ni、Ta、Ti、Zn、In、Pb、Ag等)及半导体元件。
图3D是在隔离层341中形成金属互连件331的图解说明。金属互连件331电耦合到第一硅化物层311b、第二硅化物层311c及第三硅化物层311d且可经由热蒸发等等沉积。可经由化学机械抛光将其余金属从隔离层341的表面移除。金属互连件331可包含铝、钨、铜或其它适合导电材料,且可与第一硅化物层311b、第二硅化物层311c及第三硅化物层311d形成欧姆接触。
包含发明摘要中所描述内容的本发明的所图解说明实例的以上描述并非打算为穷尽性或将本发明限制于所揭示的精确形式。尽管出于说明性目的而在本文中描述本发明的特定实例,但如相关领域的技术人员将认识到,在本发明的范围内各种修改是可能的。
鉴于上文详细描述可对本发明做出这些修改。所附权利要求书中所使用的术语不应理解为将本发明限于说明书中所揭示的特定实例。而是,本发明的范围将完全由所附权利要求书来确定,权利要求书将根据所确立的权利要求解释原则来加以理解。

Claims (18)

1.一种图像传感器,其包括:
光电二极管,其安置于半导体材料中,其中所述光电二极管是形成阵列的多个光电二极管中的一者;
浮动扩散部,其安置于所述半导体材料中,其中所述浮动扩散部是邻近于所述多个光电二极管中的所述光电二极管而安置;
转移栅极,其经安置以将在所述光电二极管中产生的图像电荷转移到所述浮动扩散部中,其中栅极氧化物安置于所述转移栅极和所述半导体材料之间的所述半导体材料上;
外围电路,其安置于所述半导体材料中,包含到所述半导体材料的第一电触点以及安置于所述外围电路中的所述半导体材料的至少一部分上的所述栅极氧化物;
安置于所述浮动扩散部上的第一硅化物层、安置于所述转移栅极上的第二硅化物层及安置于到所述半导体材料的所述第一电触点上的第三硅化物层;
隔离层,其接近于所述半导体材料而安置,其中所述转移栅极安置于所述半导体材料与所述隔离层之间;以及
多个金属互连件,其垂直延伸穿过所述隔离层,其中所述多个金属互连件包括:
电耦合到所述第一硅化物层的第一金属互连件,其中所述第一硅化物层的第一宽度等于所述第一金属互连件的第二宽度;以及
电耦合到所述第二硅化物层的第二金属互连件,其中所述第二硅化物层的第三宽度等于所述第二金属互连件的第四宽度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的图像传感器,其中所述第一硅化物层、所述第二硅化物层及所述第三硅化物层包含相同材料组合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的图像传感器,其中所述第一硅化物层、所述第二硅化物层及所述第三硅化物层包含CoxSiy
4.根据权利要求2所述的图像传感器,其中所述第一硅化物层、所述第二硅化物层及所述第三硅化物层包含NixSiy
5.根据权利要求2所述的图像传感器,其中所述第一硅化物层、所述第二硅化物层及所述第三硅化物层包含碳、氮或氧的植入元素。
6.根据权利要求1所述的图像传感器,其进一步包括第三金属互连件,所述第三金属互连件包含在所述多个金属互连件中,安置于所述隔离层中且电耦合到所述第三硅化物层,且其中所述第三硅化物层的第五宽度等于所述第三金属互连件的第六宽度。
7.根据权利要求6所述的图像传感器,其中所述多个金属互连件包含铝、钨或铜。
8.根据权利要求1所述的图像传感器,其中所述外围电路包含晶体管、第四硅化物层及第五硅化物层,且其中所述第四硅化物层安置于所述晶体管的源极端子上且所述第五硅化物层安置于所述晶体管的栅极端子上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的图像传感器,其中所述第一硅化物层、所述第二硅化物层及所述第三硅化物层减小接触电阻。
10.一种图像传感器制作方法,其包括:
提供安置于半导体材料中的包含于多个光电二极管中的光电二极管,及安置于所述半导体材料中的浮动扩散部;
提供包含到所述半导体材料的第一电触点的安置于所述半导体材料中的外围电路;
形成经安置以将图像电荷从所述光电二极管转移到所述浮动扩散部的转移栅极;
在所述半导体材料的表面上沉积隔离层,其中所述转移栅极安置于所述半导体材料与所述隔离层之间;
形成安置于所述浮动扩散部上的第一硅化物层、安置于所述转移栅极上的第二硅化物层及安置于到所述半导体材料的所述第一电触点上的第三硅化物层;及
形成金属互连件,所述金属互连件垂直延伸穿过所述隔离层,其中所述金属互连件包括:
电耦合到所述第一硅化物层的第一金属互连件,其中所述第一硅化物层的第一宽度等于所述第一金属互连件的第二宽度;以及
电耦合到所述第二硅化物层的第二金属互连件,其中所述第二硅化物层的第三宽度等于所述第二金属互连件的第四宽度。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述第一硅化物层、所述第二硅化物层及所述第三硅化物层包含相同材料组合物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述第一硅化物层、所述第二硅化物层及所述第三硅化物层包含CoxSiy
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述第一硅化物层、所述第二硅化物层及所述第三硅化物层包含NixSiy
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中包含在所述金属互连件中的第三金属互连件电耦合到所述第三硅化物层,且其中所述第三硅化物层的第五宽度等于所述第三金属互连件的第六宽度。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中形成所述金属互连件包含:
在所述隔离层中蚀刻接触孔;
在所述接触孔中形成所述第一硅化物层、所述第二硅化物层及所述第三硅化物层,其中形成包含沉积硅层及将所述硅层金属化;及
在所述接触孔中沉积所述金属互连件。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其进一步包括用碳、氮或氧中的一者对所述硅层进行植入。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述金属互连件与所述第一硅化物层、所述第二硅化物层及所述第三硅化物层形成欧姆接触。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述金属互连件包含铝、钨或铜。
CN201610900028.XA 2016-01-14 2016-10-14 图像传感器及图像传感器制作方法 Active CN106972035B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/995,833 US20170207269A1 (en) 2016-01-14 2016-01-14 Image sensor contact enhancement
US14/995,833 2016-01-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN106972035A CN106972035A (zh) 2017-07-21
CN106972035B true CN106972035B (zh) 2020-08-18

Family

ID=59315069

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201610900028.XA Active CN106972035B (zh) 2016-01-14 2016-10-14 图像传感器及图像传感器制作方法

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US20170207269A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN106972035B (zh)
TW (1) TWI629773B (zh)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107871755A (zh) * 2017-11-08 2018-04-03 德淮半导体有限公司 图像传感器及其制造方法
US10861892B2 (en) * 2018-11-21 2020-12-08 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Low-light-level CMOS image sensor pixel
JP2021019058A (ja) * 2019-07-18 2021-02-15 キヤノン株式会社 光電変換装置および機器
US11335716B2 (en) * 2019-12-24 2022-05-17 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. Photosensing pixel, image sensor and method of fabricating the same

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104617116A (zh) * 2013-11-01 2015-05-13 全视科技有限公司 用于图像传感器的大-小像素方案及其使用

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5670417A (en) * 1996-03-25 1997-09-23 Motorola, Inc. Method for fabricating self-aligned semiconductor component
TW454254B (en) * 1998-05-20 2001-09-11 Winbond Electronics Corp Method to manufacture devices with elevated source/drain
KR100510997B1 (ko) * 2000-06-29 2005-08-31 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 복합 반도체소자의 접합전극 형성방법
US6890854B2 (en) * 2000-11-29 2005-05-10 Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing, Inc. Method and apparatus for performing nickel salicidation
US7345330B2 (en) * 2004-12-09 2008-03-18 Omnivision Technologies, Inc. Local interconnect structure and method for a CMOS image sensor
US20060255381A1 (en) * 2005-05-10 2006-11-16 Micron Technology, Inc. Pixel with gate contacts over active region and method of forming same
JP4752447B2 (ja) * 2005-10-21 2011-08-17 ソニー株式会社 固体撮像装置およびカメラ
US8546259B2 (en) * 2007-09-26 2013-10-01 Texas Instruments Incorporated Nickel silicide formation for semiconductor components
US8405751B2 (en) * 2009-08-03 2013-03-26 International Business Machines Corporation Image sensor pixel structure employing a shared floating diffusion
US8247319B1 (en) * 2011-02-07 2012-08-21 International Business Machines Corporation Method to enable the process and enlarge the process window for silicide, germanide or germanosilicide formation in structures with extremely small dimensions
JP2014060199A (ja) * 2012-09-14 2014-04-03 Toshiba Corp 固体撮像装置の製造方法及び固体撮像装置

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104617116A (zh) * 2013-11-01 2015-05-13 全视科技有限公司 用于图像传感器的大-小像素方案及其使用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170287966A1 (en) 2017-10-05
TW201733102A (zh) 2017-09-16
TWI629773B (zh) 2018-07-11
US20170207269A1 (en) 2017-07-20
CN106972035A (zh) 2017-07-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN109841574B (zh) Cmos图像传感器及其形成方法
CN109585476B (zh) Cmos图像传感器及其形成方法
KR101864481B1 (ko) 이미지 센서 및 이미지 센서의 형성 방법
TWI637501B (zh) 影像感測器、成像系統及影像感測器製造方法
US9240431B1 (en) Conductive trench isolation
WO2014141621A1 (en) Solid-state imaging device, method of manufacturing the same, and electronic apparatus
US20200168644A1 (en) Cmos image sensors
CN106972035B (zh) 图像传感器及图像传感器制作方法
TW201214681A (en) Solid-state imaging device, manufacturing method thereof, and electronic apparatus
US9583527B1 (en) Contact resistance reduction
KR101973838B1 (ko) 반도체 소자 및 그 형성 방법
US8614113B2 (en) Image sensor and method of fabricating the same
CN109411490B (zh) 用于减少暗电流的凸起电极
KR20190136895A (ko) 개선된 암 전류 성능을 갖는 반도체 이미징 디바이스
US9564470B1 (en) Hard mask as contact etch stop layer in image sensors
TWI556423B (zh) 影像感測裝置及半導體結構
TWI690071B (zh) 源極隨耦器觸點
TWI801854B (zh) 低雜訊矽鍺影像感測器
CN111146219A (zh) 小间距图像传感器
CN220021113U (zh) 影像传感器

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant