CN106969285B - 照明器材及相关控制方法 - Google Patents

照明器材及相关控制方法 Download PDF

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CN106969285B
CN106969285B CN201610903324.5A CN201610903324A CN106969285B CN 106969285 B CN106969285 B CN 106969285B CN 201610903324 A CN201610903324 A CN 201610903324A CN 106969285 B CN106969285 B CN 106969285B
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lighting fixture
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CN106969285A (zh
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卡洛·文图拉蒂
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Parker Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V21/00Supporting, suspending, or attaching arrangements for lighting devices; Hand grips
    • F21V21/14Adjustable mountings
    • F21V21/15Adjustable mountings specially adapted for power operation, e.g. by remote control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V21/00Supporting, suspending, or attaching arrangements for lighting devices; Hand grips
    • F21V21/14Adjustable mountings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H25/00Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20Screw mechanisms
    • F16H25/2015Means specially adapted for stopping actuators in the end position; Position sensing means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V14/00Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements
    • F21V14/06Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements by movement of refractors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/003Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being electronics drivers or controllers for operating the light source, e.g. for a LED array
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/04Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches
    • F21V23/0442Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/04Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches
    • F21V23/0442Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors
    • F21V23/0492Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors the sensor detecting a change in orientation, a movement or an acceleration of the lighting device, e.g. a tilt switch
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/02Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using mechanical means
    • G01D5/04Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using mechanical means using levers; using cams; using gearing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/21Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
    • H02K11/215Magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-effect or magneto-resistive elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/21Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
    • H02K11/225Detecting coils
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H25/00Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20Screw mechanisms
    • F16H2025/2062Arrangements for driving the actuator
    • F16H2025/2081Parallel arrangement of drive motor to screw axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21WINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10Outdoor lighting
    • F21W2131/105Outdoor lighting of arenas or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21WINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/40Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use
    • F21W2131/406Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use for theatres, stages or film studios
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D2205/00Indexing scheme relating to details of means for transferring or converting the output of a sensing member
    • G01D2205/20Detecting rotary movement
    • G01D2205/22Detecting rotary movement by converting the rotary movement into a linear movement
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/25Devices for sensing temperature, or actuated thereby
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/06Means for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种照明器材及相关控制方法。该照明器材包括:‑至少一个可动元件(3);‑至少一个旋转致动器(7),耦合到可动元件(3)以使可动元件(3)运动;‑位置传感器(9),包括耦合到旋转致动器(7)的线性换能器(12)并包括滑块(11);其中,线性换能器(12)构造为,使滑块(11)沿着路径(PP)移动与旋转致动器(7)的角位移成比例的位移;位置传感器(9)包括用于检测滑块(11)沿着路径(PP)的位置的检测模块(13);位置传感器(9)构造为,基于检测到的滑块(11)沿着路径(PP)的位置来计算可动元件(3)的绝对位移;优选地,路径(PP)沿着轴线(A)延伸。

Description

照明器材及相关控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种照明器材,特别是一种舞台聚光灯(projector,投光灯,探照灯)。
在娱乐行业中使用舞台聚光灯,以通过使用光束来实现壮观的效果。
背景技术
通常,照明器材包括至少一个可动元件;用于产生光束的照明单元;至少一个用于移动该至少一个可动元件的旋转致动器;和至少一个用于驱动电动机的旋转致动器驱动电路。可动元件可由照明器材的头部限定,其容纳照明单元且通过两个旋转致动器而运动,一个旋转致动器用于平移运动,而另一个旋转致动器用于倾斜运动;或者,它可由容纳于头部内且可借助于旋转致动器而相对于头部可动的另一元件限定,例如,可动元件可以是变焦镜头,其容纳于聚光灯的头部中并可在旋转致动器的作用下沿着变焦轴线相对于照明单元运动。
而且,照明器材包括旋转致动器的驱动单元和旋转致动器的控制单元,该控制元件耦合到驱动单元以控制旋转致动器的运动和相关可动元件的运动。照明器材进一步包括检测器,该检测器构造为检测可动元件的位置并耦合到控制单元以控制可动元件的运动。
在文献WO 2013/139338中示出了此类型的照明器材。
不幸地,以上文献中示出的照明器材昂贵且复杂。而且,另一缺点是,现有技术照明器材需要在每次接通时重置可动元件位置的过程,从而需要使用机械锁定装置来确保在重置过程中不碰撞可动元件。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是,提供一种实现壮观效果的照明器材,其具有比现有技术的缺点少的缺点。
因此,本发明提供一种实现壮观效果的照明器材,其包括:
-至少一个可动元件;
-至少一个旋转致动器,其耦合到可动元件以使可动元件移动;
-位置传感器,其包括耦合到旋转致动器的线性换能器(linear transducer,线性转换器)并包括滑块;其中,线性换能器构造为,使滑块沿着路径移动与旋转致动器的角位移成比例的位移;位置传感器包括用于检测滑块沿着该路径的位置的检测模块;位置传感器构造为,基于检测到的滑块沿着该路径的位置来计算可动元件的绝对位移;优选地,该路径沿着轴线延伸。
由于本发明的原因,甚至当未对位置传感器供电时,位置传感器也可监测与旋转致动器相关联的可动元件的位移。实际上,当对位置传感器供电时,其提供考虑了当对照明器材供电时出现的位移和当对照明器材不供电时出现的位移的测量结果。这样,不需要连续活动的电源,便可连续地监测可动元件的位置。而且,照明器材不需要重置过程。
由于本发明的原因,照明器材更轻且更经济,这是因为其对于可动元件不需要机械锁定装置。换句话说,照明器材不需要任何机械锁定装置,而机械锁定装置将限制可动元件的偏移,从而避免碰撞。实际上,在此情况中,可通过适当地构造照明器材的控制单元,来限制可动元件的偏移。由于本发明的原因,当照明器材不监测可动元件的位移时,位置传感器不需要辅助电源。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,线性换能器是无源类型的(passive type,被动类型的),优选地,线性换能器不需要动力源。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,可动元件是在旋转致动器的作用下围绕平移轴线(pan axis,盘轴)或倾斜轴线旋转的头部。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,线性换能器包括耦合到旋转致动器的齿轮(toothed wheel);优选地,齿轮与旋转致动器的转子形成一体。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,滑块至少部分地由耦合到齿轮的蜗杆(wormscrew)限定。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,检测模块耦合到滑块,以检测滑块沿着该路径的位置。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,检测模块包括围绕该路径至少部分地显现的电感器组件;滑块包括至少一个由铁磁材料制成的部分,其构造为沿着该路径在电感器组件内滑动。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,电感器组件包括第一电感器和第二电感器;第一电感器围绕滑块;滑块在第二电感器内轴向地滑动,以沿着第二电感器的路径处于可变位置。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,电感传感器计算第一电感器的电感值和第二电感器的电感值;位置传感器基于第二电感器的电感值与第一电感器的电感值之间的比率,来计算滑块沿着路径的位置。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,电感传感器计算第一电感器的电感值和第二电感器的电感值,并且位置传感器基于第二电感器的电感值与第一电感器的电感值之间的比率,来确定滑块沿着路径的位置。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,位置传感器基于滑块沿着该路径的位置,来计算可动元件的绝对位置。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,位置传感器基于滑块沿着该路径的位置,来计算旋转致动器的角位置。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,位置传感器基于滑块沿着该路径的位置,来计算旋转致动器的完整旋转(complete revolutions,完成旋转)的次数。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,位置传感器基于滑块沿着该路径的位置,来计算旋转致动器的旋转方向。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,旋转致动器是电动机。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,角位置传感器是绝对角位置传感器,并构造为检测旋转元件的绝对角位置。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,照明器材包括控制单元,该控制元件耦合到检测模块并构造为从检测模块接收可动元件的绝对位置。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,检测模块包括电感、电容、光学或磁性类型的检测元件,该检测元件构造为测量滑块沿着轴线的位置。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例,位置传感器包括另一角度传感器,该另一角度传感器直接检测旋转致动器的绝对角位置;位置传感器基于滑块沿着该路径的位置并基于该另一角度传感器的测量结果,来计算可动元件的绝对位置。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,该另一角度传感器包括与旋转致动器的转子制成一体的磁体和检测该磁体的角位置的磁性传感器;优选地,磁性传感器面向磁体;优选地,磁性传感器是霍尔传感器。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,位置传感器包括构造为用于检测温度值的温度传感器;位置传感器基于电感器组件的电感值并基于由温度传感器检测的温度值,来限定可动元件的绝对位置。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,可动元件构造为沿着另一路径在第一初始位置和第一最终位置之间移动;滑块构造为沿着在和第一初始位置相关联的第二初始位置与和第二最终位置相关联的第二最终位置之间的路径移动。
本发明的另一目的是,提供一种减少现有技术的缺点的实现壮观效果的照明器材的控制方法。
根据一个实施例,提供一种照明器材的控制方法;该照明器材包括:至少一个可动元件;至少一个耦合到可动元件并使可动元件运动的旋转致动器;该控制方法包括以下步骤:使滑块沿着路径移动与旋转致动器的角位移成比例的线性位移;检测滑块沿着该路径的位置;并基于检测到的滑块位置来计算旋转致动器的角位移。
附图说明
参考附图中的图,从对非限制性实施例的以下描述中,本发明的其他特征和优点将变得显而易见,其中:
-图1是根据本发明的实现壮观效果的照明器材的侧视图,为了清楚起见,去除了一些部分;
-图2是图1的照明器材的细节的示意图,为了清楚起见,去除了一些部分;以及
-图3是图1的照明器材的细节的部分剖视图和部分示意的视图。
具体实施方式
图1用参考数字1表示实现壮观效果的照明器材,其包括底座2;多个可动元件3;用于沿着光轴产生光束的照明单元6(图2);多个用于使可动元件3移动的旋转致动器7;多个连接到旋转致动器7的驱动电路8;用于每个旋转致动器5的位置传感器9(图2)和控制单元10。每个可动元件3构造为,沿着轴线移动或围绕轴线在第一初始位置和第一最终位置之间旋转。例如,通过头部4来限定可动元件3,头部4相对于底座2旋转并容纳照明单元6,或者,通过容纳于头部4中的变焦镜头5来限定可动元件3,变焦镜头5相对于照明单元6运动。
参考图1和图2,头部4机械地耦合到两个旋转致动器7,以分别围绕平移轴线P和倾斜轴线T旋转。
在附图中示出的实施例中,旋转致动器7是具有转子7a的电动机7。
电动机7可以是任何类型的。在本发明的一个优选的但是非限制性的实施例中,电动机7具有永磁体。更详细地,电动机7是步进电机类型的。
参考图2,每个位置传感器9耦合到相应的电动机7,特别是耦合到相应电动机7的转子7a,并且是构造为检测转子7a的角位置、完整旋转的次数和旋转方向并限定与相应旋转致动器7相关联的可动元件3的绝对位置的位置传感器9。
位置传感器9耦合到控制单元10,并构造为向控制单元10提供与相应旋转致动器相关联的可动元件3的绝对位置。更详细地,与构造为使头部4围绕平移轴线P或倾斜轴线T旋转的旋转致动器7相关联的位置传感器9,向控制单元10提供头部4围绕平移轴线P或倾斜轴线T的绝对角位置。与构造为使变焦镜头5沿着变焦轴线移动的旋转致动器7相关联的位置传感器9,向控制单元10提供镜头5沿着变焦轴线的线性绝对位置。在本发明的一个替代实施例中,每个位置传感器9构造为,向控制单元10提供相应转子7a的绝对位置、相应转子7a的完整旋转的次数和旋转方向。用于每个可动元件3的控制单元10基于由相应位置传感器9检测的相应转子7a的绝对位置、旋转次数和旋转方向,来获得可动元件3的绝对位置。可动元件3的绝对位置可以是根据可动元件3的角位置或线性位置。例如,当所考虑的可动元件3是头部4时,控制单元10基于总旋转次数、方向、绝对位置和两个与头部7相关联的旋转致动器的转子7a之间的传动比,来限定头部4围绕平移轴线P和/或倾斜轴线T的位置,以执行头部4的平移和倾斜运动。如果可动元件3是变焦镜头5,那么绝对位置是沿着变焦轴线的线性位置。
在另一实施例中,照明器材1在可动元件3和相应旋转致动器7之间包括传动组件;并且位置传感器9与该传动组件相关联,并检测该传动组件的绝对角位置、该传动组件的完整旋转的次数和旋转方向。
参考图3,位置传感器9包括线性换能器12,接着,线性换能器12包括滑块11并将旋转致动器7的角位移转换成滑块11沿着路径PP的线性位移。在图2所示的一个优选实施例中,路径PP沿着轴线A延伸,从而,滑块11沿着轴线A移动。而且,位置传感器9包括耦合到线性换能器12以检测滑块11的线性位移的检测模块13。滑块11构造为沿着路径PP(特别是沿着轴线A)在与第一初始位置相关联的第二初始位置PI和与第二最终位置相关联的第二最终位置PF之间移动。
更详细地,线性换能器12耦合到旋转致动器7的转子7a,并包括耦合到致动器7的齿轮14。滑块11至少部分地由耦合到齿轮14的蜗杆限定。特别地,滑块11具有至少一个沿着滑块11的外圆柱形表面27具有螺纹26的部分,从而限定外蜗杆。滑块11至少部分地由铁磁材料制成。齿轮14机械地耦合到转子7b并随着其旋转。齿轮14耦合到滑块11,特别是耦合到限定蜗杆的部分,并且,通过旋转,使蜗杆沿着路径PP移动,换句话说,基于旋转方向在方向D1上或在方向D2上沿着轴线A移动。更详细地,位置传感器7包括环15,该环具有直接耦合到齿轮14的外齿面28,和直接耦合到限定蜗杆的滑块11的部分的内螺纹面29。换句话说,环15限定耦合到外蜗杆的内蜗杆。换句话说,齿轮14通过内蜗杆耦合到外蜗杆。而且,内蜗杆由于弹性元件35的原因而与外蜗杆接触,弹性元件35沿着轴线A推动环15,使得外蜗杆的齿和内蜗杆的齿完全接触,并避免其之间的间隙。
最后,传感器9包括径向地延伸至轴线A的锁定元件30,并且滑块11沿着其外表面包括沿着轴线A延伸的凹槽31。使锁定元件30在凹槽31中接合,以停止滑块11围绕轴线A的旋转。这样,环15在外蜗杆上的旋转运动导致沿着轴线A的线性运动。检测模块13包括卡13a,该卡构造为容纳检测模块13的部件并对其提供机械支撑,并连接检测模块13的部件。
检测模块13还包括座部16,该座部沿着轴线A延伸并容纳滑块11的可变部分。换句话说,滑块11沿着轴线A移动,在座部16内或多或少地占据一定空间,这取决于沿着轴线A的线性位移的方向。
更详细地,检测模块13包括容纳于卡13a上的电感器组件17,并且其沿着轴线A延伸并包括线轴单元18和缠绕在线轴单元18周围的绕组单元19。线轴单元18由中空元件构成,优选地是限定在轴线A周围的圆柱体,其内部限定座部16,滑块11在座部16内相对于轴线A轴向地滑动。
更详细地,电感器组件17包括第一电感器20和第二电感器21。
第一电感器20包括第一线轴20a和缠绕在第一线轴20a周围的第一绕组20b。第一线轴20a具有圆柱形形状,并具有腔体20c。腔体20c始终容纳滑块11,换句话说,滑块11的一部分在滑块11的任何线性位置中填充第一线轴20a,更详细地是腔体20c。
第二电感器21包括第二线轴21a和缠绕在第二线轴21a周围的第二绕组21b。第二线轴21a具有圆柱形形状,并具有腔体21c。滑块11容纳于腔体21c内,并可处于多个位置,范围从初始位置PI到最终位置PF。换句话说,滑块占据不同的腔体部分21c,这取决于沿着轴线A从位置PI到位置PF所处的位置。
检测模块12进一步包括用于测量电感器组件17的电感值的电感传感器22,和通过卡13a连接到电感传感器22以接收所测量的电感值的处理单元23。更详细地,电感传感器22测量第一电感器20的第一电感值和第二电感器21的第二电感值,并将电感值发送至处理单元23。处理单元23基于第二电感器21的第二电感值与第一电感器20的第一电感值之间的比率,来检测滑块11沿着轴线A的位置。
由于由两个电感器20和21组成的电感器组件17(其中,第一电感器20总是围绕滑块15)的原因,位置传感器9提供更精确的测量。由于由两个电感器20和21组成的电感器组件17的原因,位置传感器9不会受温度影响,因为测量结果来自两个值之间的比率,并且,这补偿了电感器20和21的电感值中的温度变化。
在本发明的一个替代实施例中,电感器组件17仅包括第二电感器21,不包括第一电感器20。滑块11在第二电感器21内占据可变位置。位置传感器9包括温度传感器24。而且,处理单元23包括存储器23a,其在不同温度下储存第二电感器21的电感值。处理单元23从温度传感器24接收温度值,并从电感传感器22接收第二电感器21的电感值。位置传感器9基于第二电感器21的电感值并基于检测到的温度值,来提供转子7a的绝对角位置、旋转次数和旋转方向。
而且,在本发明的一个优选的但是非限制性的实施例中,位置传感器9包括磁体25,该磁体耦合到转子7a,特别是布置在转子7a的轴上并随着转子7a旋转。位置传感器9包括磁性传感器26,特别是霍尔传感器,其检测磁体25的绝对角位置,以限定转子7a的绝对角位置。特别地,霍尔传感器面向磁体。位置传感器9基于由磁性传感器26检测的绝对角位置和滑块位置,来限定转子7a的角位置、转子7a的完整旋转的次数和旋转方向。这样,位置传感器9更精确地限定绝对角位置。
在本发明的一个未在附图中示出的可替换实施例中,检测模块13包括电感或电容或光学或磁性类型的检测元件,以测量滑块11沿着轴线A的线性位移。
由于本发明的原因,甚至当未对位置传感器9供电时,位置传感器9也可监测旋转致动器7的角位移,并且当对位置传感器9供电时,位置传感器9可提供角位移的测量结果。这样,可发现可动元件3的位置能够避免在每次接通时的重置过程。由于本发明的原因,照明器材1更轻且更经济,这是因为当在头部2的运动范围内存在障碍时,其不需要机械锁定装置来限制头部的角偏移,从而避免对头部2的任何碰撞。由于本发明的原因,当关闭照明器材1时,位置传感器9不需要电源来监测可动元件3的位移。
最后,显而易见的是,在不脱离所附权利要求书的范围的情况下,这里描述的照明器材可进行修改和变化。

Claims (23)

1.一种照明器材,包括:
-至少一个可动元件(3);
-至少一个旋转致动器(7),耦合到所述可动元件(3)以使所述可动元件(3)运动;
-位置传感器(9),该位置传感器包括耦合到所述旋转致动器(7)的线性换能器(12)并包括滑块(11);其中,所述线性换能器(12)构造为,使所述滑块(11)沿着路径(PP)移动与所述旋转致动器(7)的角位移成比例的位移;所述位置传感器(9)包括用于检测所述滑块(11)沿着所述路径(PP)的位置的检测模块(13);所述位置传感器(9)构造为,基于检测到的所述滑块(11)沿着所述路径(PP)的位置来计算所述可动元件(3)的绝对位移。
2.根据权利要求1所述的照明器材,其中,所述线性换能器(12)是无源类型的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的照明器材,其中,所述可动元件(3)是在所述旋转致动器(7)的作用下围绕平移轴线(P)和/或倾斜轴线(T)旋转的头部(4)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的照明器材,其中,所述线性换能器(12)包括耦合到所述旋转致动器(7)的齿轮(14)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的照明器材,其中,所述滑块(11)至少部分地由耦合到所述齿轮(14)的蜗杆限定。
6.根据权利要求5所述的照明器材,其中,所述检测模块(13)包括电感器组件(17);所述滑块(11)的至少一部分由铁磁材料制成,并沿着所述路径(PP)在所述电感器组件(17)内滑动。
7.根据权利要求6所述的照明器材,其中,所述检测模块(13)包括用于测量所述电感器组件(17)的电感值的电感传感器(22);所述位置传感器(9)基于所测量的电感值,来计算所述滑块(11)沿着所述路径(PP)的位置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的照明器材,其中,所述电感器组件(17)包括第一电感器(20)和第二电感器(21);所述第一电感器(20)围绕所述滑块(11);所述滑块(11)在所述第二电感器(21)内轴向地滑动,以沿着所述路径(PP)在所述第二电感器(21)内处于可变位置。
9.根据权利要求8所述的照明器材,其中,所述电感传感器(22)计算所述第一电感器(20)的电感值和所述第二电感器(21)的电感值;所述位置传感器(9)基于所述第二电感器(21)的电感值与所述第一电感器(20)的电感值之间的比率,来计算所述滑块(11)沿着所述路径(PP)的位置。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的照明器材,其中,所述位置传感器(9)基于所述滑块(11)沿着所述路径(PP)的位置来计算以下组中的至少一个元素,所述组包括:所述旋转致动器(7)的角位置、所述旋转致动器(7)的完整旋转的次数和所述旋转致动器(7)的旋转方向。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的照明器材,其中,所述旋转致动器(7)是电动机。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的照明器材,其中,所述照明器材(1)包括控制单元(10),该控制单元耦合到所述位置传感器(9)并构造为从所述位置传感器(9)接收所述可动元件(3)的绝对位置。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的照明器材,其中,所述检测模块(13)包括电感类型、电容类型、光学类型或磁性类型的检测元件,该检测元件构造为测量所述滑块(11)沿着所述路径(PP)的位置。
14.根据权利要求1或2所述的照明器材,其中,所述位置传感器(9)包括另一角度传感器(25、26),该另一角度传感器直接检测所述旋转致动器(7)的绝对角位置;所述位置传感器(9)基于所述检测模块(13)的测量结果并基于所述另一角度传感器(25、26)的测量结果,来计算所述可动元件(3)的绝对位置。
15.根据权利要求1或2所述的照明器材,其中,所述位置传感器(9)包括构造为用于检测温度值的温度传感器(24);所述位置传感器(9)基于由所述检测模块(13)测量的电感值并基于由所述温度传感器(24)检测的温度值,来限定所述可动元件(3)的绝对位置。
16.根据权利要求1或2所述的照明器材,其中,所述可动元件(3)构造为沿着另一路径在第一初始位置和第一最终位置之间移动;所述滑块(11)构造为在和所述第一初始位置相关联的第二初始位置(PI)与和所述第一最终位置相关联的第二最终位置(PF)之间沿着路径(PP)移动。
17.根据权利要求1所述的照明器材,其中,所述路径(PP)沿着轴线(A)延伸。
18.根据权利要求2所述的照明器材,其中,所述线性换能器(12)不需要任何电源。
19.根据权利要求4所述的照明器材,其中,所述齿轮(14)与所述旋转致动器(7)的转子(7a)形成一体。
20.根据权利要求14所述的照明器材,其中,所述另一角度传感器(25、
26)包括与所述旋转致动器(7)的转子(7a)制成一体的磁体(25)和检测所述磁体(25)的角位置的磁性传感器(26)。
21.根据权利要求20所述的照明器材,其中,所述磁性传感器(26)面向所述磁体(25)。
22.根据权利要求21所述的照明器材,其中,所述磁性传感器(26)是霍尔传感器。
23.一种照明器材的控制方法,所述照明器材(1)包括:至少一个可动元件(3);耦合到所述可动元件(3)并使所述可动元件(3)活动的至少一个旋转致动器(7);所述控制方法包括以下步骤:使滑块(11)沿着路径(PP)移动与所述旋转致动器(7)的角位移成比例的位移;检测所述滑块(11)沿着所述路径(PP)的位置;并基于检测到的所述滑块(11)的位置来计算所述旋转致动器(7)的角位移。
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