CN106965512B - 实用型环境全降解材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
实用型环境全降解材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B29B13/10—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by grinding, e.g. by triturating; by sieving; by filtering
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种实用型环境全降解材料,包括第一层膜和第二层膜,第一层膜的原料组分包括:聚乙烯、聚乳酸、氧化镧、氯化铕、硝酸钇、月桂酸锌、2,6‑二叔丁基对甲酚、硅藻土、腐殖酸和聚丙烯酸酯;第二层膜的原料组分包括:聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚乳酸、聚乙烯、电气石粉、硼酸、硝酸钇、2,4,6‑三叔丁基苯酚和纳米二氧化钛。本发明提供的全生物降解材料,具有优异的防水性、阻燃性和拉伸强度、断裂伸长率等机械性能;且在用作地膜时具有优异的调温保墒以及提高作物出苗率等功效。此外,本发明提供的全降解材料易于降解,尤其是在用作地膜时,各部分能够同时达到降解终点,从而消除了传统市售地膜在应用过程中各部分降解速率不一的缺陷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可降解材料技术领域,具体涉及一种实用型环境全降解材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
农用地膜即地面覆盖薄膜,用于提高土壤温度,保持土壤水分,维持土壤结构,防止害虫侵袭作物,避免微生物引起病害,促进植物生长。另外,多雨季节地膜覆盖也有防雨、排涝效果,在我国北方旱区应用地膜覆盖还具有抗旱保墒效果,能大面积使农作物产量提高30%左右。
目前,农用地膜不但应用于蔬菜栽培,也相继用于大田作物、果树、林业、花卉及经济作物的生产;不仅用于露地栽培,也用于早春保护设施内的覆盖。地膜覆盖技术的应用极大地促进了农业产量和效益的提高,在带动农业生产方式转变和促进农业生产力飞跃方面功不可没。然而,普通地膜是由石油化工产品中的聚乙烯为主要成分吹塑而成,含有高分子的聚乙烯化合物及其树脂,具有不易腐烂、极难分解的性能。已有研究结果表明,自然状态下残留的地膜能够在土壤中存留百年以上。残膜会影响到土壤特性,降低土壤肥力,严重的还会造成土壤中水分养分运移不畅,在局部地区引起次生盐碱化等。同时,残膜对农作物生长的危害加重,主要表现在农作物根系生长可能受阻,降低作物获得水分养分的能力,导致产量降低。现如今,地膜污染已是严重的农村生态问题之一,残膜对地下水和土壤产生了污染,长此下去,必然对农业可持续发展构成严重威胁。
基于此,有必要研发一种减少污染、性能优、质量高的地膜降解技术,以缓解农业生态压力,走绿色持续健康发展之路。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷,本发明旨在提供一种实用型环境全降解材料及其制备方法。本发明提供的全生物降解材料,不仅具有优异的防水性、阻燃性和拉伸强度、断裂伸长率等机械性能;而且在用作地膜使用时,具有优异的调温保墒以及提高作物出苗率等功效。此外,采用本发明提供的降解材料制备得到的地膜易于降解,尤其是在实际使用过程中,地膜各部分能够同时达到降解终点,从而消除了传统市售地膜在应用过程中各部分降解速率不一的缺陷。
为此,本发明提供如下技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供一种全降解材料,全降解材料采用双层膜结构,包括第一层膜和第二层膜,且第一层膜的降解时间大于第二层膜的降解时间;其中,第一层膜的原料组分按重量份计,包括:高密度聚乙烯32-42重量份、低密度聚乙烯15-20重量份、聚乳酸8-15重量份、氧化镧3-5重量份、氯化铕1-3重量份、硝酸钇2-5重量份、月桂酸锌0.05-0.10重量份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.01-0.03重量份、硅藻土0.01-0.05重量份、腐殖酸0.03-0.07重量份、聚丙烯酸酯5-8重量份;第二层膜的原料组分按重量份计,包括:聚丁二酸丁二醇酯30-50重量份、聚乳酸10-20重量份、低密度聚乙烯5-10重量份、线性低密度聚乙烯20-30重量份、电气石粉3-8重量份、硼酸1-3重量份、硝酸钇2-5重量份、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚0.03-0.10重量份、纳米二氧化钛0.01-0.03重量份。
在本发明的进一步实施方式中,高密度聚乙烯的熔融指数为0.1-10.0g/10min,低密度聚乙烯的熔融指数为0.5-5.0g/10min,线性低密度聚乙烯的熔融指数为1.5-2.5g/10min。
在本发明的进一步实施方式中,高密度聚乙烯选用6070、5502、TR144和CH2802中的一种或多种;低密度聚乙烯选用LD662、2012TN26、2426H、2436H和LD600中的一种或多种;线性低密度聚乙烯选用7042、7042T、9020、7042N、7042K、218W、0218D、9042和FV149M中的一种或多种。
在本发明的进一步实施方式中,纳米二氧化钛的粒径为10nm-100nm;聚乳酸的数均分子量为20000-100000,聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的数均分子量为50000-100000,聚丙烯酸酯包括聚丙烯酸乙酯,且聚丙烯酸乙酯的数均分子量为8000-20000。
在本发明的进一步实施方式中,第一层膜的厚度为2-4μm,第二层膜的厚度为3-8μm。
第二方面,本发明提供一种全降解材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:S101:将第一层膜的各原料组分混合后进行球磨处理,之后造粒,得到第一层膜降解塑料颗粒;其中,将高密度聚乙烯、聚乳酸、聚丙烯酸酯和硅藻土的混合物与水按照1:(5-8)的质量比混合并搅拌均匀,调节pH值为5.3-5.8;将pH值为5.3-5.8的产物干燥,之后与剩余原料组分混合后进行球磨处理,然后将球磨处理后的产物造粒;S102:将第二层膜中的各原料组分混合均匀后造粒,得到第二层膜降解塑料颗粒;S103:将第一层膜降解塑料颗粒和第二层膜降解塑料颗粒进行共挤吹塑。
在本发明的进一步实施方式中,S101中,球磨处理具体为:转速为350-500rpm,时间为200min-300min;造粒在双螺杆造粒机中进行,且双螺杆造粒机的条件具体为:温度为173℃-187℃,螺杆转速为135rpm-185rpm,螺杆长径比L/D为30-50。
在本发明的进一步实施方式中,S102中,混合在球磨机中进行,且球磨机的条件具体为:转速为250-300rpm,时间为150min-230min;造粒在双螺杆造粒机中进行,且双螺杆造粒机的条件具体为:温度为170℃-185℃,螺杆转速为130rpm-180rpm,螺杆长径比L/D为30-50。
在本发明的进一步实施方式中,S103中,共挤吹塑在双层共挤吹膜机中进行,且双层共挤吹膜机的条件具体为:温度为163℃-168℃,吹胀比为3.2-3.5,牵引速度为9m/min-12m/min。
第三方面,本发明提供的全降解材料在制备地膜、透明膜和包装材料产品或产品添加剂中的应用。
本发明提供的上述技术方案具有以下优点:
(1)申请人经过大量实验发现:本发明提供的全生物降解材料,不仅具有优异的防水性、阻燃性和拉伸强度、断裂伸长率等机械性能;而且在用作地膜使用时,具有优异的调温保墒以及提高作物出苗率等功效。此外,采用本发明提供的降解材料制备得到的地膜易于降解,尤其是在实际使用过程中,地膜各部分能够同时达到降解终点,从而消除了传统市售地膜在应用过程中各部分降解速率不一的缺陷。
(2)本发明提供的全生物降解材料制备得到的地膜采用双层膜结构,各层由不同降解特性的材料制成且各层的降解速率不同,最终使制备得到的地膜在实际使用过程中,各部分能够同时达到降解终点,从而消除了传统市售地膜在应用过程中各部分降解速率不同的缺陷,进而显著改善了降解地膜的实用性。传统市售地膜在实际使用过程中各部分的降解速率不一,主要表现形式为:地膜暴露于空气的部分(简称“暴露部分”)与地膜埋于土壤部分(“埋土部分”)降解速率相差巨大;通常情况下,暴露部分的地膜已达到降解终点,地膜变脆,甚至已降解为二氧化碳和水;而埋土部分的地膜基本没有变化,依旧维持其初始机械力学性能,从而给下一季农作物耕作带来不利的影响,且没有达到降解地膜应有的效果;换句话说,采用本发明提供的生物降解材料制备得到的地膜,其在实际应用过程中各部分降解均匀且彻底,从而消除了传统地膜的使用给土地带来的二次污染;且从而无需后续的回收工序,消除了残膜对后续机械的缠绕,降低了残膜对下一季作物的影响并节省了人力成本,进而显著促进了农业方面生产力的发展。
(3)采用本发明提供的生物降解材料制备得到的地膜,其在实际应用过程中,不仅能够提高覆膜早期在弱光照射下的地温,而且可以降低夏天因温度偏高和日光强烈下的地温,从而有效实现调温保墒作用;此外,制备得到的地膜还具有提高作物出苗率等功效。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过本发明的实践了解到。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚的说明本发明的技术方案,因此只作为实例,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的试验材料,如无特殊说明,均为自常规试剂商店购买得到的。
以下实施例中的定量试验,均设置三次重复实验,数据为三次重复实验的平均值或平均值±标准差。
本发明的聚乳酸(PLA)由Natureworks公司提供,聚丙烯酸乙酯购自济南鑫森源化工有限公司,聚丁二酸丁二醇酯购自淄博成达塑化有限公司,腐殖酸购自历城区诚源化工产品经营部,硅藻土购自灵寿县恒石矿产品加工厂。
本发明提供的全降解材料,包括第一层膜和第二层膜,且第一层膜的降解时间大于第二层膜的降解时间;其中,第一层膜的原料组分按重量份计,包括:高密度聚乙烯32-42重量份、低密度聚乙烯15-20重量份、聚乳酸8-15重量份、氧化镧3-5重量份、氯化铕1-3重量份、硝酸钇2-5重量份、月桂酸锌0.05-0.10重量份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.01-0.03重量份、硅藻土0.01-0.05重量份、腐殖酸0.03-0.07重量份以及聚丙烯酸酯5-8重量份;第二层膜的原料组分按重量份计,包括:聚丁二酸丁二醇酯30-50重量份、聚乳酸10-20重量份、低密度聚乙烯5-10重量份、线性低密度聚乙烯20-30重量份、电气石粉3-8重量份、硼酸1-3重量份、硝酸钇2-5重量份、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚0.03-0.10重量份以及纳米二氧化钛0.01-0.03重量份。其中,第一层膜的厚度为2-4μm,第二层膜的厚度为3-8μm。
优选地,高密度聚乙烯的熔融指数为0.1-10.0g/10min,低密度聚乙烯的熔融指数为0.5-5.0g/10min,线性低密度聚乙烯的熔融指数为1.5-2.5g/10min。
优选地,高密度聚乙烯选用6070、5502、TR144和CH2802中的一种或多种;低密度聚乙烯选用LD662、2012TN26、2426H、2436H和LD600中的一种或多种;线性低密度聚乙烯选用7042、7042T、9020、7042N、7042K、218W、0218D、9042和FV149M中的一种或多种。
优选地,纳米二氧化钛的粒径为10nm-100nm;聚乳酸的数均分子量为20000-100000,聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的数均分子量为50000-100000,聚丙烯酸酯包括聚丙烯酸乙酯,且聚丙烯酸乙酯的数均分子量为8000-20000。
另外,针对本发明的全降解材料,本发明专门设计了制备全降解材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
S101:将第一层膜的各原料组分混合后进行球磨处理,之后造粒,得到第一层膜降解塑料颗粒;其中,将高密度聚乙烯、聚乳酸、聚丙烯酸酯和硅藻土的混合物与水按照1:(5-8)的质量比混合并搅拌均匀,调节pH值为5.3-5.8;将pH值为5.3-5.8的产物干燥,之后与剩余原料组分混合后进行球磨处理,然后将球磨处理后的产物造粒。其中,球磨处理具体为:转速为350-500rpm,时间为200min-300min;造粒在双螺杆造粒机中进行,且双螺杆造粒机的条件具体为:温度为173℃-187℃,螺杆转速为135rpm-185rpm,螺杆长径比L/D为30-50。
S102:将第二层膜中的各原料组分混合均匀后造粒,得到第二层膜降解塑料颗粒。其中,混合在球磨机中进行,且球磨机的条件具体为:转速为250-300rpm,时间为150min-230min;造粒在双螺杆造粒机中进行,且双螺杆造粒机的条件具体为:温度为170℃-185℃,螺杆转速为130rpm-180rpm,螺杆长径比L/D为30-50。
S103:将第一层膜降解塑料颗粒和第二层膜降解塑料颗粒进行共挤吹塑。其中,S103中,共挤吹塑在双层共挤吹膜机中进行,且双层共挤吹膜机的条件具体为:温度为163℃-168℃,吹胀比为3.2-3.5,牵引速度为9m/min-12m/min。
下面结合具体实施方式进行说明:
实施例一
本发明提供一种全降解材料,全降解材料采用双层膜结构,包括第一层膜和第二层膜,且第一层膜的降解时间大于第二层膜的降解时间;其中,第一层膜的原料组分按重量份计,包括:高密度聚乙烯CH2802 32重量份、低密度聚乙烯LD662 20重量份、数均分子量为50000的聚乳酸8重量份、氧化镧5重量份、氯化铕1重量份、硝酸钇5重量份、月桂酸锌0.05重量份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.03重量份、硅藻土0.01重量份、腐殖酸0.07重量份以及数均分子量为10000的聚丙烯酸乙酯5重量份;第二层膜的原料组分按重量份计,包括:数均分子量为80000的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯50重量份、数均分子量为50000的聚乳酸10重量份、低密度聚乙烯LD662 10重量份、线性低密度聚乙烯7042T 20重量份、电气石粉8重量份、硼酸1重量份、硝酸钇5重量份、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚0.03重量份以及粒径为60nm的二氧化钛0.03重量份。
按上述原料组分,采用本发明提供的全降解材料的制备方法,制备全降解材料:
S101:将第一层膜的各原料组分混合后进行球磨处理,之后造粒,得到第一层膜降解塑料颗粒;其中,将高密度聚乙烯、聚乳酸、聚丙烯酸乙酯和硅藻土的混合物与水按照1:8的质量比混合并搅拌均匀,调节pH值为5.8;将pH值为5.8的产物干燥,之后与剩余原料组分混合后在转速为350rpm的条件下球磨300min,然后将球磨处理后的产物在双螺杆造粒机中造粒;且双螺杆造粒机的条件具体为:温度为187℃,螺杆转速为135rpm,螺杆长径比L/D为30。
S102:将第二层膜中的各原料组分混合均匀后造粒,得到第二层膜降解塑料颗粒。其中,混合在球磨机中进行,且球磨机的条件具体为:转速为300rpm,时间为150min;造粒在双螺杆造粒机中进行,且双螺杆造粒机的条件具体为:温度为185℃,螺杆转速为130rpm,螺杆长径比L/D为30。
S103:将第一层膜降解塑料颗粒和第二层膜降解塑料颗粒进行共挤吹塑,并将吹塑后的产物调整为第一层膜的厚度为3μm,第二层膜的厚度为6μm,得到本发明所需的全降解地膜。其中,共挤吹塑在双层共挤吹膜机中进行,且双层共挤吹膜机的条件具体为:温度为168℃,吹胀比为3.2,牵引速度为12m/min。
实施例二
本发明提供一种全降解材料,全降解材料采用双层膜结构,包括第一层膜和第二层膜,且第一层膜的降解时间大于第二层膜的降解时间;其中,第一层膜的原料组分按重量份计,包括:高密度聚乙烯5502 42重量份、低密度聚乙烯2426H 15重量份、数均分子量为100000的聚乳酸15重量份、氧化镧3重量份、氯化铕3重量份、硝酸钇2重量份、月桂酸锌0.10重量份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.01重量份、硅藻土0.05重量份、腐殖酸0.03重量份以及数均分子量为8000的聚丙烯酸乙酯8重量份;第二层膜的原料组分按重量份计,包括:数均分子量为100000的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯30重量份、数均分子量为100000的聚乳酸20重量份、低密度聚乙烯2426H 5重量份、线性低密度聚乙烯218W 30重量份、电气石粉3重量份、硼酸3重量份、硝酸钇2重量份、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚0.10重量份以及粒径为100nm的二氧化钛0.01重量份。
按上述原料组分,采用本发明提供的全降解材料的制备方法,制备全降解材料:
S101:将第一层膜的各原料组分混合后进行球磨处理,之后造粒,得到第一层膜降解塑料颗粒;其中,将高密度聚乙烯、聚乳酸、聚丙烯酸乙酯和硅藻土的混合物与水按照1:5的质量比混合并搅拌均匀,调节pH值为5.3;将pH值为5.3的产物干燥,之后与剩余原料组分混合后在转速为500rpm的条件下球磨200min,然后将球磨处理后的产物在双螺杆造粒机中造粒;且双螺杆造粒机的条件具体为:温度为173℃,螺杆转速为185rpm,螺杆长径比L/D为50。
S102:将第二层膜中的各原料组分混合均匀后造粒,得到第二层膜降解塑料颗粒。其中,混合在球磨机中进行,且球磨机的条件具体为:转速为250rpm,时间为230min;造粒在双螺杆造粒机中进行,且双螺杆造粒机的条件具体为:温度为170℃,螺杆转速为180rpm,螺杆长径比L/D为50。
S103:将第一层膜降解塑料颗粒和第二层膜降解塑料颗粒进行共挤吹塑,并将吹塑后的产物调整为第一层膜的厚度为3μm,第二层膜的厚度为5μm,得到本发明所需的全降解地膜。其中,共挤吹塑在双层共挤吹膜机中进行,且双层共挤吹膜机的条件具体为:温度为163℃,吹胀比为3.5,牵引速度为9m/min。
实施例三
本发明提供一种全降解材料,全降解材料采用双层膜结构,包括第一层膜和第二层膜,且第一层膜的降解时间大于第二层膜的降解时间;其中,第一层膜的原料组分按重量份计,包括:高密度聚乙烯6070 36重量份、低密度聚乙烯2436H 18重量份、数均分子量为20000的聚乳酸10重量份、氧化镧4重量份、氯化铕2重量份、硝酸钇3重量份、月桂酸锌0.08重量份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.02重量份、硅藻土0.03重量份、腐殖酸0.05重量份以及数均分子量为20000的聚丙烯酸乙酯6重量份;第二层膜的原料组分按重量份计,包括:数均分子量为50000的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯40重量份、数均分子量为20000的聚乳酸15重量份、低密度聚乙烯2436H 8重量份、线性低密度聚乙烯0218D 25重量份、电气石粉5重量份、硼酸2重量份、硝酸钇3重量份、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚0.07重量份以及粒径为10nm的二氧化钛0.02重量份。
按上述原料组分,采用本发明提供的全降解材料的制备方法,制备全降解材料:
S101:将第一层膜的各原料组分混合后进行球磨处理,之后造粒,得到第一层膜降解塑料颗粒;其中,将高密度聚乙烯、聚乳酸、聚丙烯酸乙酯和硅藻土的混合物与水按照1:6的质量比混合并搅拌均匀,调节pH值为5.6;将pH值为5.6的产物干燥,之后与剩余原料组分混合后在转速为430rpm的条件下球磨250min,然后将球磨处理后的产物在双螺杆造粒机中造粒;且双螺杆造粒机的条件具体为:温度为178℃,螺杆转速为155rpm,螺杆长径比L/D为40。
S102:将第二层膜中的各原料组分混合均匀后造粒,得到第二层膜降解塑料颗粒。其中,混合在球磨机中进行,且球磨机的条件具体为:转速为280rpm,时间为200min;造粒在双螺杆造粒机中进行,且双螺杆造粒机的条件具体为:温度为180℃,螺杆转速为150rpm,螺杆长径比L/D为40。
S103:将第一层膜降解塑料颗粒和第二层膜降解塑料颗粒进行共挤吹塑,并将吹塑后的产物调整为第一层膜的厚度为4μm,第二层膜的厚度为4μm,得到本发明所需的全降解地膜。其中,共挤吹塑在双层共挤吹膜机中进行,且双层共挤吹膜机的条件具体为:温度为165℃,吹胀比为3.3,牵引速度为11m/min。
另外,为了进一步凸显本发明提供的制备方法的优势,进行以下对比实验;以下对比实验均以实施例三作为基准,在此基础上进行相关参数的变量实验。
对比例一
该对比例中除步骤S101不同外,其余参数均同实施例三。
具体地,步骤S101为:将第一层膜的各原料组分在转速为430rpm的条件下球磨250min,然后将球磨处理后的产物在双螺杆造粒机中造粒;且双螺杆造粒机的条件具体为:温度为178℃,螺杆转速为155rpm,螺杆长径比L/D为40。
对比例二
该对比例中除第一层膜的原料组分与实施例三中第一层膜的原料组分不同外,其余参数均同实施例三。
具体地,第一层膜的原料组分按重量份计,包括:高密度聚乙烯6070 36重量份、低密度聚乙烯2436H 18重量份、数均分子量为20000的聚乳酸10重量份、氧化镧4重量份、月桂酸锌0.08重量份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.02重量份、硅藻土0.03重量份以及数均分子量为20000的聚丙烯酸乙酯6重量份。
对比例三
该对比例中除第二层膜的原料组分与实施例三中第一层膜的原料组分不同外,其余参数均同实施例三。
具体地,第二层膜的原料组分按重量份计,包括:数均分子量为50000的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯40重量份、数均分子量为20000的聚乳酸15重量份、低密度聚乙烯2436H 8重量份、线性低密度聚乙烯0218D 25重量份、电气石粉5重量份、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚0.07重量份以及粒径为10nm的二氧化钛0.02重量份。
另外,将本发明各实施例和对比例得到的降解地膜,系统评价其性能:
一、力学性能测定
具体地,按照GB/T 1040.3-2006测试各实施例和对比例地膜的力学性能,具体数据如表1所示。
表1各实施例和对比例地膜的力学性能
二、地膜实际应用性能测试
具体地,在200m2的地块内布设7个等面积(36m2)的考察小区,小区为3行区,行距1.2m,行长6m。试验样方1-3铺设实施例一至实施例三中的地膜,试验样方4-6铺设对比例一至对比例三中的地膜,实验样方7铺设市售地膜,作为对照组。具体地,于6月份中旬然后挑选饱满的西瓜种子种植,两周之后,检查西瓜的出苗率和患病株数,具体结果如表2所示。此外,具体记录各考察小区内地膜在6个月时残膜的平均值。
表2各实施例和对比例地膜对西瓜成长状况的影响
出苗率/% | 患病株数 | 6个月时残膜平均值(kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) | |
实施例一 | 95 | 3 | 17 |
实施例二 | 94 | 2 | 18 |
实施例三 | 97 | 0 | 15 |
对比例一 | 69 | 15 | 73 |
对比例二 | 63 | 17 | 76 |
对比例三 | 62 | 15 | 79 |
市售地膜 | 58 | 19 | 95 |
三、防水性能测定
具体地,按照GB1027-70标准测试各实施例和对比例地膜的吸水率性能。对于各实施例和对比例的地膜,分别取10cm×10cm大小,于105℃下烘干至恒重(W0),然后置于室温下(25℃左右)的蒸馏水汇总,定期取出,用滤纸吸干表面水分,称重(Wi),计算吸水率。每个实施例平行进行3组实验,然后取平均值;具体数据如表3所示。吸水率(%)=[(Wi-W0)/W0]×100。
表3各实施例地膜的吸水率情况
实施例一 | 实施例二 | 实施例三 | 对比例一 | 对比例二 | 对比例三 | |
吸水率/% | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.6 |
四、地膜阻燃性能测定
具体地,按照UL 94-2006VTM-0/VTM-1/VTM-2标准测试各实施例地膜的阻燃性能,具体数据如表4所示。
表4各实施例地膜的阻燃性能
当然,除了实施例一至实施例三列举的情况,其他原料组分的种类和重量配比、制备过程中的条件和参数等也是可以的。
本发明提供的全生物降解材料,不仅具有优异的防水性、阻燃性和拉伸强度、断裂伸长率等机械性能;而且在用作地膜使用时,具有优异的调温保墒以及提高作物出苗率等功效。此外,采用本发明提供的降解材料制备得到的地膜易于降解,尤其是在实际使用过程中,地膜各部分能够同时达到降解终点,从而消除了传统市售地膜在应用过程中各部分降解速率不一的缺陷。
在本说明书的描述中,需要理解的是,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。
Claims (9)
1.一种全降解材料,其特征在于,所述全降解材料采用双层膜结构,包括第一层膜和第二层膜,且所述第一层膜的降解时间大于所述第二层膜的降解时间;
其中,所述第一层膜的原料组分按重量份计,包括:高密度聚乙烯32-42重量份、低密度聚乙烯15-20重量份、聚乳酸8-15重量份、氧化镧3-5重量份、氯化铕1-3重量份、硝酸钇2-5重量份、月桂酸锌0.05-0.10重量份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.01-0.03重量份、硅藻土0.01-0.05重量份、腐殖酸0.03-0.07重量份以及聚丙烯酸酯5-8重量份;
所述第二层膜的原料组分按重量份计,包括:聚丁二酸丁二醇酯30-50重量份、聚乳酸10-20重量份、低密度聚乙烯5-10重量份、线性低密度聚乙烯20-30重量份、电气石粉3-8重量份、硼酸1-3重量份、硝酸钇2-5重量份、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚0.03-0.10重量份以及纳米二氧化钛0.01-0.03重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的全降解材料,其特征在于:
所述高密度聚乙烯选用6070、5502、TR144和CH2802中的一种或多种;
所述低密度聚乙烯选用LD662、2012TN26、2426H、2436H和LD600中的一种或多种;
所述线性低密度聚乙烯选用7042、7042T、9020、7042N、7042K、218W、0218D、9042和FV149M中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的全降解材料,其特征在于:
所述纳米二氧化钛的粒径为10nm-100nm;
所述聚乳酸的数均分子量为20000-100000,所述聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的数均分子量为50000-100000,所述聚丙烯酸酯包括聚丙烯酸乙酯,且所述聚丙烯酸乙酯的数均分子量为8000-20000。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的全降解材料,其特征在于:
所述第一层膜的厚度为2-4μm,所述第二层膜的厚度为3-8μm。
5.权利要求1-4任一项所述的全降解材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S101:将第一层膜的各原料组分混合后进行球磨处理,之后造粒,得到第一层膜降解塑料颗粒;其中,将高密度聚乙烯、聚乳酸、聚丙烯酸酯和硅藻土的混合物与水按照1:(5-8)的质量比混合并搅拌均匀,调节pH值为5.3-5.8;将所述pH值为5.3-5.8的产物干燥,之后与剩余原料组分混合后进行球磨处理,然后将所述球磨处理后的产物造粒;
S102:将第二层膜中的各原料组分混合均匀后造粒,得到第二层膜降解塑料颗粒;
S103:将所述第一层膜降解塑料颗粒和所述第二层膜降解塑料颗粒进行共挤吹塑。
6.权利要求5所述的全降解材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述S101中,
所述球磨处理具体为:转速为350-500rpm,时间为200min-300min;
所述造粒在双螺杆造粒机中进行,且所述双螺杆造粒机的条件具体为:温度为173℃-187℃,螺杆转速为135rpm-185rpm,螺杆长径比L/D为30-50。
7.权利要求5所述的全降解材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述S102中,所述混合在球磨机中进行,且球磨机的条件具体为:转速为250-300rpm,时间为150min-230min;
所述造粒在双螺杆造粒机中进行,且所述双螺杆造粒机的条件具体为:温度为170℃-185℃,螺杆转速为130rpm-180rpm,螺杆长径比L/D为30-50。
8.权利要求5所述的全降解材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述S103中,共挤吹塑在双层共挤吹膜机中进行,且双层共挤吹膜机的条件具体为:温度为163℃-168℃,吹胀比为3.2-3.5,牵引速度为9m/min-12m/min。
9.权利要求1-4任一项所述的全降解材料在制备地膜、透明膜和包装材料产品或产品添加剂中的应用。
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