CN114806111B - 可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜及制备方法、降解方法 - Google Patents
可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜及制备方法、降解方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及农用薄膜领域,提供了一种可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜及制备方法、降解方法。所述可降解地膜的组分包括聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4‑双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、四层粉末1、四层粉末2。所述四层粉末1由内向外分别为聚天冬胺酸凝胶层、磷酸二氢钾/异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层、氯化铵/聚天冬胺酸凝胶层、异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层。所述四层粉末2由内向外分别为聚天冬胺酸凝胶层、磷酸二氢钾/异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层、氢氧化钙/聚天冬胺酸凝胶层、异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层。通过四层粉末1和四层粉末2的特殊结构,可延缓聚天冬胺酸保水剂的降解过程,同时为土壤持续补充养分,从而实现持久的保水、增肥效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农用薄膜的技术领域,提供了一种可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜及制备方法、降解方法。
背景技术
农业耕作中,土壤水分含量对于农作物生长非常重要。水分流失不仅使土壤含水量降低,而且会伴随营养流失,严重影响农作物产量或质量。常用的保持土壤水分的方法有覆盖地膜、覆盖农作物秸秆或草木灰、中耕松土、采用玻璃或塑料大棚、施加保水剂等。
地膜具有较强的气密性,覆盖土壤后可减少水分蒸发,对于保持土壤水分具有良好效果。可降解地膜是采用可降解塑料制备的地膜,常用的有聚乳酸、聚己内酯、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯等,它们可在土壤环境中微生物的作用下逐步降解,可防止因塑料残留造成土壤质量下降。随着塑料逐渐降解,地膜开始出现破裂或孔洞,再逐渐变成碎片,自地膜出现破裂或孔洞时起,保水能力便开始大幅下降。
保水剂是由强吸水树脂制成的高分子聚合物,在保持土壤水分和抗旱方面有着重要作用,在农业上有着“微型水库”之称。常用的保水剂有聚氨基酸类,聚丙烯酸类,淀粉、纤维素、壳聚糖类等。其中,聚氨基酸类保水剂具有良好的生物相容性、生物降解性、环境友好性等优点,因而备受重视。但是,聚氨基酸的降解速度很快,降解后便不再具有保水作用,不利于实现土壤的持久保水。
发明内容
鉴于以上情况,本发明提出一种可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜及制备方法、降解方法,可使地膜实现持久的保水、增肥效果。
为实现上述目的,本发明涉及的具体技术方案如下:
第一,本发明提供了一种可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜。所述可降解地膜的组分包括聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、四层粉末1、四层粉末2。其中,聚乳酸与聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯为成膜基体树脂,1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯为交联剂,四层粉末1与四层粉末2为兼具保水和增肥功能的填料。所述四层粉末1由内向外分别为聚天冬胺酸凝胶层、磷酸二氢钾/异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层、氯化铵/聚天冬胺酸凝胶层、异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层。所述四层粉末2由内向外分别为聚天冬胺酸凝胶层、磷酸二氢钾/异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层、氢氧化钙/聚天冬胺酸凝胶层、异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层。
第二,本发明提供了上述可降解地膜的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将聚天冬胺酸水凝胶超声搅拌破碎,分为三份:第一份记为水凝胶A;第二份加入氯化铵并混合均匀,记为水凝胶B;第三份加入氢氧化钙并混合均匀,记为水凝胶C;
(2)将异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯溶于二氯甲烷中,分为两份:第一份记为溶液D;第二份加入磷酸二氢钾并分散均匀,记为混合液E;
(3)将水凝胶A冷冻干燥为凝胶粉末,将混合液E喷雾沉积于粉末表面,真空干燥,得到双层粉末1;将双层粉末1加入水凝胶B中,搅拌混合均匀,再球磨一定时间,冷冻干燥,得到三层粉末1;将溶液D喷雾沉积于三层粉末1表面,真空干燥,得到四层粉末1;
(4)将水凝胶A冷冻干燥为凝胶粉末,将混合液E喷雾沉积于粉末表面,真空干燥,得到双层粉末2;将双层粉末2加入水凝胶C中,搅拌混合均匀,再球磨一定时间,冷冻干燥,得到三层粉末2;将溶液D喷雾沉积于三层粉末2表面,真空干燥,得到四层粉末2;
(5)将聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、四层粉末1、四层粉末2混合,采用双螺杆挤出机进一步熔融共混挤出,并切粒,再采用挤出吹膜机吹塑成为薄膜即可。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述超声搅拌破碎的处理时间为2-4h,处理方式为超声处理和搅拌同时进行;超声波频率为35-40kHz,功率为1200-1500W;搅拌转速为2000-2500rpm,搅拌方式为每搅拌5-10min改变一次搅拌方向。
优选的,水凝胶A的固含量(即聚天冬胺酸水凝胶的固含量)为30%。
优选的,水凝胶B中氯化铵的质量分数为6%。
优选的,水凝胶C中氢氧化钙的质量分数为4%。
优选的,溶液D的质量浓度(即异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯的二氯甲烷溶液的质量浓度)为10%。
优选的,混合液E中磷酸二氢钾的质量分数为8%。
优选的,步骤(3)中,所述水凝胶A、混合液E、水凝胶B、溶液D的质量比为5:10:10:12;步骤(4)中,所述水凝胶A、混合液E、水凝胶C、溶液D的质量比为5:10:10:12。
进一步优选的,步骤(3)和步骤(4)中,所述球磨的转速为36-38rpm,球料比为14-16:1,时间为1-2h。
优选的,步骤(5)中,聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、四层粉末1、四层粉末2的质量比为30-50:50-70:2-4:2-4:0.05-0.2。可根据土壤情况(如酸碱性)或植物生长需求调整四层粉末1或四层粉末2的相对用量,比如,用于偏碱性土壤时,可采用较高的四层粉末1用量及较低的四层粉末2用量;用于偏酸性土壤时,可采用较低的四层粉末1用量及较高的四层粉末2用量。
优选的,步骤(5)中,双螺杆挤出机的各段温度设置在160-190℃之间,螺杆转速为100-200rpm,螺杆长径比为32-36。
优选的,步骤(5)中,挤出吹膜机的各段温度设置在180-190℃之间,螺杆转速为100-200rpm,牵引速度为5-7m/min,模头直径为60-70mm,吹胀比为3-5。
第三,本发明还提供了上述可降解地膜的降解方法,具体为,在覆盖地膜的初期,不作任何处理;在地膜开始出现破裂或孔洞时,向地膜表面喷洒氨水。氨水喷洒量为7.5-15mL/m2,氨水浓度为15-17%。喷洒氨水后,首先,在氨水作用下,四层粉末1和四层粉末2的最外层异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层发生氨解,并生成尿素为土壤补充氮肥;然后,随着异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层的降解完成,四层粉末1的氯化铵/聚天冬胺酸凝胶层与四层粉末2的氢氧化钙/聚天冬胺酸凝胶层裸露出来,可发挥保水剂作用,同时氯化铵与氢氧化钙发生反应生成氨;接着,生成的氨进一步与磷酸二氢钾/异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层发生反应,其中,异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯发生氨解生成尿素,磷酸二氢钾与氨反应生成磷酸氢二钾、磷酸铵,为土壤补充氮磷钾肥;最后,随着磷酸二氢钾/异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层的逐步反应,四层粉末1和四层粉末2的最内层聚天冬胺酸凝胶层裸露出来,可继续发挥保水剂的作用,直至其完全降解。可见,通过上述四层粉末1和四层粉末2的特殊结构,可延缓聚天冬胺酸保水剂的降解过程,延长保水时间,同时能为土壤持续补充养分。
本发明提供了一种可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜及制备方法、降解方法,其有益效果在于:
1.本发明采用的聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯、聚天冬胺酸均属于可降解材料,因此本发明制得的地膜具有良好的降解能力。
2.本发明制得的地膜具有持久的保水能力。在薄膜开始出现破裂或孔洞之前,主要通过薄膜的覆盖阻隔作用减少水分蒸发而起到保水作用;随着聚乳酸及聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的逐渐降解,薄膜开始出现破裂或孔洞并不断扩大,覆盖阻隔作用逐渐减弱,此时通过喷洒氨水启动四层粉末1和四层粉末2的降解过程,使聚天冬胺酸凝胶逐渐裸露出来,可在地膜出现破裂或孔洞后继续发挥良好的保水作用;本发明还利用四层粉末1和四层粉末2的特殊结构延缓聚天冬胺酸的降解过程,使地膜具有更为持久的保水能力。
3.本发明制得的地膜可持久补充土壤养分。在四层粉末1和四层粉末2的降解过程中生成了尿素、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸铵等物质,可为土壤提供氮磷钾肥。由于这些物质是伴随着降解过程而逐渐生成或释放的,因而可实现养分的持久补充。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例介绍本发明的可降解地膜的具体制备过程,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于以下实施例,根据本发明的技术思路作出简单替代而得到的技术方法也应属于本发明的保护范围。
在以下实施例和对比例中,水凝胶A的固含量为30%,水凝胶B中氯化铵的质量分数为6%,水凝胶C中氢氧化钙的质量分数为4%,溶液D的质量浓度为10%,混合液E中磷酸二氢钾的质量分数为8%。
实施例1
(1)将聚天冬胺酸水凝胶超声搅拌破碎2h,分为三份:第一份记为水凝胶A;第二份加入氯化铵并混合均匀,记为水凝胶B;第三份加入氢氧化钙并混合均匀,记为水凝胶C;超声波频率为40kHz,功率为1500W;搅拌转速为2500rpm,搅拌方式为每搅拌5min改变一次搅拌方向;
(2)将异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯溶于二氯甲烷中,分为两份:第一份记为溶液D;第二份加入磷酸二氢钾并分散均匀,记为混合液E;
(3)将水凝胶A冷冻干燥为凝胶粉末,将混合液E喷雾沉积于粉末表面,真空干燥,得到双层粉末1;将双层粉末1加入水凝胶B中,搅拌混合均匀,再球磨一定时间,冷冻干燥,得到三层粉末1;将溶液D喷雾沉积于三层粉末1表面,真空干燥,得到四层粉末1;水凝胶A、混合液E、水凝胶B、溶液D的质量比为5:10:10:12;所述球磨的转速为36rpm,球料比为15:1,时间为1.5h;
(4)将水凝胶A冷冻干燥为凝胶粉末,将混合液E喷雾沉积于粉末表面,真空干燥,得到双层粉末2;将双层粉末2加入水凝胶C中,搅拌混合均匀,再球磨一定时间,冷冻干燥,得到三层粉末2;将溶液D喷雾沉积于三层粉末2表面,真空干燥,得到四层粉末2;水凝胶A、混合液E、水凝胶C、溶液D的质量比为5:10:10:12;所述球磨的转速为38rpm,球料比为14:1,时间为2h;
(5)将聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、四层粉末1、四层粉末2混合,采用双螺杆挤出机进一步熔融共混挤出,并切粒,再采用挤出吹膜机吹塑成为薄膜即可;聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、四层粉末1、四层粉末2的质量比为40:60:2:2:0.05;双螺杆挤出机的各段温度设置在160-190℃之间,螺杆转速为150rpm,螺杆长径比为36;挤出吹膜机的各段温度设置在180-190℃之间,螺杆转速为150rpm,牵引速度为6m/min,模头直径为65mm,吹胀比为4。
实施例2
(1)将聚天冬胺酸水凝胶超声搅拌破碎3h,分为三份:第一份记为水凝胶A;第二份加入氯化铵并混合均匀,记为水凝胶B;第三份加入氢氧化钙并混合均匀,记为水凝胶C;超声波频率为37kHz,功率为1300W;搅拌转速为2300rpm,搅拌方式为每搅拌8min改变一次搅拌方向;
(2)将异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯溶于二氯甲烷中,分为两份:第一份记为溶液D;第二份加入磷酸二氢钾并分散均匀,记为混合液E;
(3)将水凝胶A冷冻干燥为凝胶粉末,将混合液E喷雾沉积于粉末表面,真空干燥,得到双层粉末1;将双层粉末1加入水凝胶B中,搅拌混合均匀,再球磨一定时间,冷冻干燥,得到三层粉末1;将溶液D喷雾沉积于三层粉末1表面,真空干燥,得到四层粉末1;水凝胶A、混合液E、水凝胶B、溶液D的质量比为5:10:10:12;所述球磨的转速为38rpm,球料比为16:1,时间为2h;
(4)将水凝胶A冷冻干燥为凝胶粉末,将混合液E喷雾沉积于粉末表面,真空干燥,得到双层粉末2;将双层粉末2加入水凝胶C中,搅拌混合均匀,再球磨一定时间,冷冻干燥,得到三层粉末2;将溶液D喷雾沉积于三层粉末2表面,真空干燥,得到四层粉末2;水凝胶A、混合液E、水凝胶C、溶液D的质量比为5:10:10:12;所述球磨的转速为36rpm,球料比为14:1,时间为2h;
(5)将聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、四层粉末1、四层粉末2混合,采用双螺杆挤出机进一步熔融共混挤出,并切粒,再采用挤出吹膜机吹塑成为薄膜即可;聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、四层粉末1、四层粉末2的质量比为40:60:2.5:2.5:0.1;双螺杆挤出机的各段温度设置在160-190℃之间,螺杆转速为150rpm,螺杆长径比为36;挤出吹膜机的各段温度设置在180-190℃之间,螺杆转速为150rpm,牵引速度为6m/min,模头直径为65mm,吹胀比为4。
实施例3
(1)将聚天冬胺酸水凝胶超声搅拌破碎3h,分为三份:第一份记为水凝胶A;第二份加入氯化铵并混合均匀,记为水凝胶B;第三份加入氢氧化钙并混合均匀,记为水凝胶C;超声波频率为38kHz,功率为1400W;搅拌转速为2400rpm,搅拌方式为每搅拌7min改变一次搅拌方向;
(2)将异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯溶于二氯甲烷中,分为两份:第一份记为溶液D;第二份加入磷酸二氢钾并分散均匀,记为混合液E;
(3)将水凝胶A冷冻干燥为凝胶粉末,将混合液E喷雾沉积于粉末表面,真空干燥,得到双层粉末1;将双层粉末1加入水凝胶B中,搅拌混合均匀,再球磨一定时间,冷冻干燥,得到三层粉末1;将溶液D喷雾沉积于三层粉末1表面,真空干燥,得到四层粉末1;水凝胶A、混合液E、水凝胶B、溶液D的质量比为5:10:10:12;所述球磨的转速为36rpm,球料比为14:1,时间为1h;
(4)将水凝胶A冷冻干燥为凝胶粉末,将混合液E喷雾沉积于粉末表面,真空干燥,得到双层粉末2;将双层粉末2加入水凝胶C中,搅拌混合均匀,再球磨一定时间,冷冻干燥,得到三层粉末2;将溶液D喷雾沉积于三层粉末2表面,真空干燥,得到四层粉末2;水凝胶A、混合液E、水凝胶C、溶液D的质量比为5:10:10:12;所述球磨的转速为37rpm,球料比为16:1,时间为2h;
(5)将聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、四层粉末1、四层粉末2混合,采用双螺杆挤出机进一步熔融共混挤出,并切粒,再采用挤出吹膜机吹塑成为薄膜即可;聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、四层粉末1、四层粉末2的质量比为40:60:3.5:3.5:0.15;双螺杆挤出机的各段温度设置在160-190℃之间,螺杆转速为150rpm,螺杆长径比为36;挤出吹膜机的各段温度设置在180-190℃之间,螺杆转速为150rpm,牵引速度为6m/min,模头直径为65mm,吹胀比为4。
实施例4
(1)将聚天冬胺酸水凝胶超声搅拌破碎4h,分为三份:第一份记为水凝胶A;第二份加入氯化铵并混合均匀,记为水凝胶B;第三份加入氢氧化钙并混合均匀,记为水凝胶C;超声波频率为35kHz,功率为1200W;搅拌转速为2000rpm,搅拌方式为每搅拌10min改变一次搅拌方向;
(2)将异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯溶于二氯甲烷中,分为两份:第一份记为溶液D;第二份加入磷酸二氢钾并分散均匀,记为混合液E;
(3)将水凝胶A冷冻干燥为凝胶粉末,将混合液E喷雾沉积于粉末表面,真空干燥,得到双层粉末1;将双层粉末1加入水凝胶B中,搅拌混合均匀,再球磨一定时间,冷冻干燥,得到三层粉末1;将溶液D喷雾沉积于三层粉末1表面,真空干燥,得到四层粉末1;水凝胶A、混合液E、水凝胶B、溶液D的质量比为5:10:10:12;所述球磨的转速为37rpm,球料比为15:1,时间为1h;
(4)将水凝胶A冷冻干燥为凝胶粉末,将混合液E喷雾沉积于粉末表面,真空干燥,得到双层粉末2;将双层粉末2加入水凝胶C中,搅拌混合均匀,再球磨一定时间,冷冻干燥,得到三层粉末2;将溶液D喷雾沉积于三层粉末2表面,真空干燥,得到四层粉末2;水凝胶A、混合液E、水凝胶C、溶液D的质量比为5:10:10:12;所述球磨的转速为38rpm,球料比为15:1,时间为1.5h;
(5)将聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、四层粉末1、四层粉末2混合,采用双螺杆挤出机进一步熔融共混挤出,并切粒,再采用挤出吹膜机吹塑成为薄膜即可;聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、四层粉末1、四层粉末2的质量比为40:60:4:4:0.2;双螺杆挤出机的各段温度设置在160-190℃之间,螺杆转速为150rpm,螺杆长径比为36;挤出吹膜机的各段温度设置在180-190℃之间,螺杆转速为150rpm,牵引速度为6m/min,模头直径为65mm,吹胀比为4。
对比例1
未制备四层结构的粉末,直接将水凝胶A、混合液E、水凝胶B、溶液D混合并干燥为粉末1,将水凝胶A、混合液E、水凝胶C、溶液D混合并干燥为粉末2,然后以聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、粉末1、粉末2为原料制备地膜,其他制备条件与实施例1一致。
对比例2
未添加四层粉末,直接以聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯为原料制备地膜,其他制备条件与实施例1一致。
田间试验选择的是河北省石家庄市某玉米地作为试验田,pH值为7-7.2,划分了6个试验区,每个试验区面积为25m2,各试验区之间间隔5m(指边界之间的距离)。各试验区的地膜分别为,1区覆盖实施例1的地膜,2区覆盖实施例2的地膜,3区覆盖实施例3的地膜;4区覆盖实施例4的地膜;5区覆盖对比例1的地膜;6区覆盖对比例2的地膜。在各试验区的地膜出现破裂或孔洞时向地膜表面喷洒15%氨水,喷洒量为10mL/m2。
(1)采用取土烘干法对各试验区的土壤进行含水率测定,取土层次为10-20cm;在铺设地膜时、地膜出现破裂或孔洞时、喷洒氨水1月后、2月后、3月后、4月后各进行一次测试;每次测试在5个不同部位取样并计算平均值;(2)对各试验区的土壤进行养分含量测定,其中:碱解氮含量采用碱解扩散法测定;速效磷含量采用0.5mol/L的NaHCO3浸提,钼锑抗比色法测定;速效钾含量采用0.5mol/L的醋酸铵测定,火焰光度法测定;在铺设地膜时、地膜出现破裂或孔洞时、喷洒氨水1月后、2月后、3月后、4月后各进行一次测试;每次测试在5个不同部位取样并计算平均值。所得数据如表1-4所示。
表1:
表2:
表3:
表4:
Claims (10)
1.一种可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜,所述可降解地膜的组分包括聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯,其特征在于:
所述可降解地膜的组分还包括四层粉末1和四层粉末2;
所述四层粉末1由内向外分别为聚天冬氨酸凝胶层、磷酸二氢钾/异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层、氯化铵/聚天冬氨酸凝胶层、异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层;
所述四层粉末2由内向外分别为聚天冬氨酸凝胶层、磷酸二氢钾/异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层、氢氧化钙/聚天冬氨酸凝胶层、异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯层。
2.如权利要求1所述的可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述可降解地膜制备的具体步骤如下:
(1)将聚天冬氨酸水凝胶超声搅拌破碎,分为三份:第一份记为水凝胶A;第二份加入氯化铵并混合均匀,记为水凝胶B;第三份加入氢氧化钙并混合均匀,记为水凝胶C;
(2)将异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯溶于二氯甲烷中,分为两份:第一份记为溶液D;第二份加入磷酸二氢钾并分散均匀,记为混合液E;
(3)将水凝胶A冷冻干燥为凝胶粉末,将混合液E喷雾沉积于粉末表面,真空干燥,得到双层粉末1;将双层粉末1加入水凝胶B中,搅拌混合均匀,再球磨一定时间,冷冻干燥,得到三层粉末1;将溶液D喷雾沉积于三层粉末1表面,真空干燥,得到四层粉末1;
(4)将水凝胶A冷冻干燥为凝胶粉末,将混合液E喷雾沉积于粉末表面,真空干燥,得到双层粉末2;将双层粉末2加入水凝胶C中,搅拌混合均匀,再球磨一定时间,冷冻干燥,得到三层粉末2;将溶液D喷雾沉积于三层粉末2表面,真空干燥,得到四层粉末2;
(5)将聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、四层粉末1、四层粉末2混合,采用双螺杆挤出机进一步熔融共混挤出,并切粒,再采用挤出吹膜机吹塑成为薄膜即可。
3.根据权利要求2所述可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述超声搅拌破碎的处理时间为2-4h,处理方式为超声处理和搅拌同时进行;超声波频率为35-40kHz,功率为1200-1500W;搅拌转速为2000-2500rpm,搅拌方式为每搅拌5-10min改变一次搅拌方向。
4.根据权利要求2所述可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:水凝胶A的固含量为30%;水凝胶B中氯化铵的质量分数为6%;水凝胶C中氢氧化钙的质量分数为4%;溶液D的质量浓度为10%;混合液E中磷酸二氢钾的质量分数为8%。
5.根据权利要求2所述可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述水凝胶A、混合液E、水凝胶B、溶液D的质量比为5:10:10:12;所述球磨的转速为36-38rpm,球料比为14-16:1,时间为1-2h。
6.根据权利要求2所述可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,所述水凝胶A、混合液E、水凝胶C、溶液D的质量比为5:10:10:12;所述球磨的转速为36-38rpm,球料比为14-16:1,时间为1-2h。
7.根据权利要求2所述可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,聚乳酸、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯、四层粉末1、四层粉末2的质量比为30-50:50-70:2-4:2-4:0.05-0.2。
8.根据权利要求2所述可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,双螺杆挤出机的各段温度设置在160-190℃之间,螺杆转速为100-200rpm,螺杆长径比为32-36。
9.根据权利要求2所述可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,挤出吹膜机的各段温度设置在180-190℃之间,螺杆转速为100-200rpm,牵引速度为5-7m/min,模头直径为60-70mm,吹胀比为3-5。
10.如权利要求1所述的可持久保水、增肥的可降解地膜的降解方法,其特征在于:所述降解方法具体为,在覆盖地膜的初期,不作任何处理;在地膜开始出现破裂或孔洞时,向地膜表面喷洒氨水;氨水喷洒量为7.5-15mL/m2,氨水浓度为15-17%。
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