CN106964323B - 一种含亚胺键的co2吸附材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种含亚胺键的co2吸附材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN106964323B
CN106964323B CN201710209040.0A CN201710209040A CN106964323B CN 106964323 B CN106964323 B CN 106964323B CN 201710209040 A CN201710209040 A CN 201710209040A CN 106964323 B CN106964323 B CN 106964323B
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崔亦华
刘思阳
郭建维
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明属于功能有机框架材料领域,公开了一种含亚胺键的新型CO2吸附材料及其制备方法和应用。该吸附材料具有如下式(1)所示的结构,其中n为1、2或3。制备方法包括以下步骤:将1‑溴代金刚烷在Lewis酸催化作用下,与苯和溴代叔丁烷反应生成1,3,5,7‑四苯基金刚烷;再在‑20℃下用发烟硝酸酸化生成1,3,5,7‑四(4‑硝基苯基)金刚烷;然后在氢气氛围下将硝基进行还原生成1,3,5,7‑四(4‑氨基苯基)金刚烷;将1,3,5,7‑四(4‑氨基苯基)金刚烷单体分别与1,4‑苯二甲醛、4,4’‑联苯二甲醛和4,4’‑三联苯二甲醛进行聚合反应,合成具有多孔结构的含亚胺键的新型CO2吸附材料。

Description

一种含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于功能有机框架材料,特别涉及一种含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
工业化进程的加速,人口的急剧增长造成大量的CO2被直接排放到大气中,造成温室效应日益严重。而目前烟气道中所采用的二氧化碳捕集方法众多,如物理吸收法、化学吸收法、吸附分离法等,这些方法存在选择性差、能耗高、成本高、高腐蚀等弊端。由C、H、O、N等轻元素组成的新型吸附材料共价有机框架材料(COFs,Covalent-Organic Frameworks),由于具有较大的比表面积和孔体积、低密度和高稳定性和优异的气体储存和分离性能,尤其是对CO2的吸附/脱附能力较突出从而引起了科研学者的广泛关注。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的缺点与不足,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种上述含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料,该吸附材料具有如下式(1)所示的结构:
其中n为1、2或3。
上述含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料的制备方法,包括以下操作步骤:
(1)以具有立体结构的1-溴代金刚烷为原料,在AlCl3催化作用下,与苯和溴代叔丁烷反应生成具有刚性构筑单元的1,3,5,7-四苯基金刚烷;再将1,3,5,7-四苯基金刚烷在-20℃下用发烟硝酸酸化生成1,3,5,7-四(4- 硝基苯基)金刚烷;然后将1,3,5,7-四(4-硝基苯基)金刚烷在氢气氛围下将硝基进行还原生成1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷;
(2)将1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷单体分别与1,4-苯二甲醛、 4,4’-联苯二甲醛和4,4’-三联苯二甲醛进行聚合反应,合成具有多孔结构的含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料。
上述含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料在处理烟气道中尾气的应用。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果:
以金刚烷为关键结构单元构筑的COFs是一个3D的结构单元,这是由于金刚烷是具有刚性、对称结构的多面体,其1,3,5,7位四个桥头碳原子上连接的氢易被取代,可形成立体性极强的刚性分子“结”。同时选取苯、多联苯化合物作为刚性分子“杆”,通过典型的席夫碱反应,将分子“杆”上的醛基与分子“结”上的伯氨缩合形成亚胺C=N双键的结构,包括亲核加成、质子转移、水分子消去这三个过程。另外,由于亚胺C=N双键具有Lewis的碱性特性,对于酸性气体CO2表现出很强的亲和性。同时含有亚胺键的COFs不仅稳定性好,而且对二氧化碳的选择性吸附比对甲烷、氮气的更好。所以以金刚烷为立体结构单元构筑的含有亚胺C=N双键的聚席夫碱交联网络COFs材料可被良好的应用于工业生产中烟气道的的二氧化碳捕集、密闭空间(无菌病房、密闭潜艇)中二氧化碳的吸附等等;可避免过多的二氧化碳排放到大气中造成的环境污染、温室效应等问题严重威胁人类生存环境,同时也避免了二氧化碳这一重要化工原料的重大浪费。
附图说明
图1为1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷的核磁氢谱图。
图2为1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷的红外谱图。
图3为TAPM-1的红外谱图。
图4为TAPM-2的红外谱图。
图5为TAPM-3的红外谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1:
(1)将1-溴代金刚烷5.0g(23.2mmol)置于带有冷凝回流装置和氯化钙干燥管的三口烧瓶中,依次加入50ml苯、6.5g溴代叔丁烷,搅拌下加入无水三氯化铝0.6g,反应1h;结束后将混合物倒入冰水混合物中,加入乙醚搅拌并抽滤;滤渣以氯仿为溶剂进行索式提取,得到1,3,5,7-四苯基金刚烷4.8g。
(2)设低温反应器-20摄氏度,在小烧瓶中加入15ml发烟硝酸,搅拌下并用90min多次加完1,3,5,7-四苯基金刚烷2g,再反应30min后滴加混酸, 15min后反应结束;将混合物滴入冰乙酸中搅拌析出黄色固体,再用甲醇和冰乙酸洗涤,抽滤后的粗产品在DMF重结晶下得到黄色针状晶体1,3,5,7-四 (4-硝基苯基)金刚烷1.3g。
(3)将0.3g 1,3,5,7-四(4-硝基苯基)金刚烷加入到无水无氧瓶中,以10%钯碳做为催化剂,以40mlTHF和10mlDMF作为溶剂将1,3,5,7-四(4- 硝基苯基)金刚烷全部溶解;无水无氧瓶抽真空并通入氢气到液面以下,反应3天;将混合物重的催化剂过滤干净,并除去THF和DMF,加入去离子水,有淡黄色沉淀产生,离心4000转,30min,并烘干,得到1,3,5,7-四(4- 氨基苯基)金刚烷0.16g。最后分别通过1H NMR、IR分析测试手段鉴定了产物结构,结构表征数据如图1和2所示:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm) 7.11-7.13(d,8H),6.50-6.52(d,8H),4.86(s,8H),1.82(s,12H);FT-IR(KBr, cm-1):3428.65,3336.25,2921.49,2848.43,1622.41,1514.87,1272.77, 838.97.
步骤(1)-(3)如以下的反应方程式所示:
(4)1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷单体分别与1,4-苯二甲醛、4, 4’-联苯二甲醛和4,4’-三联苯二甲醛进行聚合反应;以DMF作为溶剂,氩气保护,升温至160摄氏度,反应3天;混合物分别用甲醇、DMF进行洗涤,再用THF作为溶剂进行索式提取,反应1天,放入真空干燥箱120℃一天,得到棕黄色粉末,即含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料TAPM-1、TAPM-2、TAPM-3。其红外结构表征数据分别如图3、4和5所示。
此步骤如以下的反应方程式所示:
通过对上述所得含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料TAPM-1、TAPM-2、TAPM-3 对二氧化碳的选择性吸附性能较为突出。
上述所得含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料TAPM-1、TAPM-2、TAPM-3经测试结果表明其对二氧化碳的吸附性能尤为突出,如表1-1所示,在测试压力范围内,三个席夫碱COFs样品的CO2吸附量显著高于N2和CH4的吸附量。采用初始斜率法计算TAPM-1、TAPM-2、TAPM-3的CO2/N2及CO2/CH4的吸附选择性。
表1-1 TAPM-1、TAPM-2、TAPM-3的CO2吸附量和选择性吸附分析
a表示三个聚合物在273K/1bar条件下的初始斜率。
b表示三个聚合物在298K/1bar条件下的初始斜率。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料,其特征在于:该吸附材料具有如下式(1)所示的结构:
其中n为1、2或3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料,其特征在于:
(1)以具有立体结构的1-溴代金刚烷为原料,在AlCl3催化作用下,与苯和溴代叔丁烷反应生成具有刚性构筑单元的1,3,5,7-四苯基金刚烷;再将1,3,5,7-四苯基金刚烷在-20℃下用发烟硝酸酸化生成1,3,5,7-四(4-硝基苯基)金刚烷;然后将1,3,5,7-四(4-硝基苯基)金刚烷在氢气氛围下将硝基进行还原生成1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷;
(2)将1,3,5,7-四(4-氨基苯基)金刚烷单体分别与1,4-苯二甲醛、4,4’-联苯二甲醛和4,4’-三联苯二甲醛进行聚合反应,合成具有多孔结构的含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含亚胺键的CO2吸附材料在处理烟气道中尾气的应用。
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