CN106958586B - 具有磁力轴承和机械轴承的旋转机械 - Google Patents

具有磁力轴承和机械轴承的旋转机械 Download PDF

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CN106958586B
CN106958586B CN201610879079.9A CN201610879079A CN106958586B CN 106958586 B CN106958586 B CN 106958586B CN 201610879079 A CN201610879079 A CN 201610879079A CN 106958586 B CN106958586 B CN 106958586B
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bearing
rotor shaft
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radial
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CN106958586A (zh
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爱德华多·卡拉斯科
乌尔里克·施罗德
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SKF Magnetic Mechatronics SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0402—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means combined with other supporting means, e.g. hybrid bearings with both magnetic and fluid supporting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/10—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for axial load mainly
    • F16C19/12—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for axial load mainly for supporting the end face of a shaft or other member, e.g. footstep bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/04—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only
    • F16C17/08—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only for supporting the end face of a shaft or other member, e.g. footstep bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/10—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for axial load mainly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/50—Other types of ball or roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0474—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
    • F16C32/0476—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of one degree of freedom, e.g. axial magnetic bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0474—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
    • F16C32/048—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of two degrees of freedom, e.g. radial magnetic bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0474—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
    • F16C32/0487—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of four degrees of freedom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/161—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/09—Structural association with bearings with magnetic bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
    • F16C2361/55—Flywheel systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C27/04—Ball or roller bearings, e.g. with resilient rolling bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0442—Active magnetic bearings with devices affected by abnormal, undesired or non-standard conditions such as shock-load, power outage, start-up or touchdown
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2205/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to casings, enclosures, supports
    • H02K2205/03—Machines characterised by thrust bearings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种旋转机械，其包括：具有定子外壳(18)的定子(12)，和具有旋转轴线(X‑X)并通过至少一个径向磁力轴承(20、22)支撑在所述定子外壳(18)中的转子轴(16)。所述旋转机械(10)包括在所述转子轴(16)一端(16b)的径向表面附近的轴向机械止推轴承(24、30)，所述轴向机械止推轴承(24、30)包括位于所述转子轴(16)的旋转轴线(X‑X)上的滚动体(24a、32)。

Description

具有磁力轴承和机械轴承的旋转机械
技术领域
本发明涉及旋转机械领域，所述旋转机械得益于磁领域可包括磁力轴承，用于通过主动磁力轴承支撑旋转机械的转子的重量和载荷。
本发明特别涉及一种用于径向磁悬浮转子系统的辅助机械轴承。
背景技术
目前已知在具有立式转子(vertical rotor)单元的旋转机械中设置轴向和径向的磁力轴承，以及在所述磁力轴承失效(例如所述磁力轴承过载或者电气或电子控制系统失效)时提供支撑所述转子的辅助机械接触轴承(touch down bearing)。
磁力轴承的运行不存在机械摩擦，但是要求连续供给电能。
此外，具有恒定的、单向推力载荷(thrust load)的旋转机械(例如飞轮)只需要径向磁力轴承良好的动力学性能。事实上，轴向磁力轴承仅支撑转子的重量。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种没有这类轴向磁力轴承的旋转机械，以便降低此类旋转机械的制造成本和电能消耗。
需要正确地限定辅助机械接触轴承并为其确定尺寸，以便完全确保该旋转机械不会损坏。
本发明的具体目的在于提供一种旋转机械，该旋转机械包括：定子，该定子具有定子外壳；和，转子轴，该转子轴具有旋转轴线并通过至少一个径向磁力轴承支撑在所述定子外壳内。
旋转机械可包括在转子轴一端的径向表面附近处的轴向机械止推轴承(thrustbearing)。轴向机械止推轴承可包括位于转子轴的旋转轴线上的滚动体。
在一个实施例中，滚动体可与旋转轴的一端直接轴向接触，以使得所述转子轴始终在所述滚动体上转动。
轴向机械止推轴承与转子轴之间的轴向接触不可产生在径向磁力轴承上的径向力。
此外，用这种轴向机械止推轴承代替轴向磁力轴承能够降低能耗和制造成本。
在另一个实施例中，轴向机械止推轴承与转子轴的一端轴向接触，并且轴向机械止推轴承包括安装在定子板(stator plate)和所述转子轴的一端之间的并被设计成用于支撑转子的重量的轴承，所述定子板由滚动体支撑。在该实施例中，下部转子轴不与所述滚动体直接接触，而是与安装在定子板和所述转子轴的一端之间的轴承直接接触，这降低了滚动体的磨损，从而提高了轴向机械止推轴承的使用寿命。
有利地，定子板通过弹性装置安装到定子外壳上。
所述弹性装置能够将径向磁力轴承的功能从轴向机械止推轴承分离出来。事实上，所述定子板并不转动，而滚动体可以在径向方向上自由滚动，并且转子可以在径向磁力轴承的空隙中自由移动。径向磁力轴承可以主动地控制转子的移动和位置而不再被干扰。
例如，所述弹性装置包括至少三个弹簧，每个弹簧固定在所述定子板的圆周和所述定子外壳的内圆周上。
作为一种选择，所述弹性装置包括径向包围所述定子板的O形圈。
在一个实施例中，在滚动轴承中包括：安装在定子板上的内圈；安装在转子轴的一端的径向表面上的外圈；以及，位于所述内圈和外圈之间的至少一圆形列的滚动体。
在一个实施例中，所述滚动轴承包括位于所述内圈和外圈之间的两圆形列的滚动体。
在一个实施例中，位于转子轴的旋转轴线上的所述滚动体为滚珠。
在一个实施例中，旋转机械包括下部和上部的径向接触轴承，从而在所述径向磁力轴承失效时径向地支撑转子轴。
在一个实施例中，旋转机械包括两个径向磁力轴承。
在一个实施例中，所述旋转机械包括轴向磁力轴承，以便当轴向磁力轴承失效时，轴向机械止推轴承与转子轴的一端发生轴向接触。在这种情况下，在滚动体和轴端之间存在机械缝隙，进而所述滚动体成为辅助轴向接触轴承。
附图说明
通过研究以非限制性示例的方式给出并根据附图进行阐释的具体实施例的详细说明，本发明及其益处将会被更好地理解，在附图中
图1为按照本发明第一实施例的具有主动径向磁力轴承和轴向机械止推轴承的旋转机械的轴向半剖视图；以及
图2为按照本发明第二实施例的具有主动径向磁力轴承和轴向机械止推轴承的旋转机械的轴向半剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1中展示了旋转机械10的第一个实施例；所述旋转机械10例如可以是飞轮，或者任何具有立式转子单元的旋转机械。
旋转机械10包括定子12和转子14，所述转子14具有围绕竖直轴线X-X旋转的轴16。通过轴向机械止推轴承24和两个径向磁力轴承20、22，转子轴16相对于定子12的外壳18被可旋转地支承。两个径向磁力轴承20、22可以是相同的，并设置在转子轴16相反的两端16a、16b处。
每个径向磁力轴承20、22包括由铁磁材料制成的、安装在转子轴16的外侧圆柱形表面16c上的环形的电枢(armature)20a、22a，以及固定到定子外壳18的定子电枢20b、22b。按照传统方式，每个定子电枢20b、22b包括定子磁路，该定子磁路具有铁磁体和一个或者多个的环形线圈，并且每个所述定子电枢20b、22b被设置为面向转子电枢20a、22a以限定径向空隙Δ1。定子电枢的细节在图中没有显示。
如图1中所示的，轴向机械止推轴承24设置在定子外壳18的下端部18b和转子轴16的下端部16b之间。轴向机械止推轴承24支撑转子的重量。轴向机械止推轴承24包括定位于转子轴16中心也就是其旋转轴线X-X上的滚动体(例如滚珠24a)。所述滚珠24a由定子外壳18的、朝向所述转子轴16的下末端部16b延伸的环形圆柱状突出部18c径向包围。在环形圆柱状突出部18c和所述滚珠24a之间限定径向空隙Δ2。所述滚珠24a与转子轴16的下端部16b直接轴向接触，以使得所述转子轴16始终在滚珠24a上旋转而不会在径向磁力轴承20、22上产生径向力。
上部和下部径向接触轴承26、28分别位于转子轴16的上下端部16a、16b处，从而在径向磁力轴承20、22失效的情况下径向地将所述转子轴16置于中央。所述上部和下部径向接触轴承26、28为滚珠轴承类型。
在图2所示的实施例中，相同的构件使用相同的附图标记，该实施例与图1中所示的实施例不同之处仅在于轴向机械止推轴承的结构。
如图2中所示的，旋转机械10包括定子12和转子14，所述转子14具有围绕竖直轴线X-X旋转的轴16。通过轴向机械止推轴承30和两个径向磁力轴承20、22，转子轴16相对于定子12的外壳18被可旋转地支承。两个径向磁力轴承20、22可以是相同的并设置在转子轴6的相反的端部16a、16b上。
每个径向磁力轴承20、22包括由铁磁材料制成的、安装在转子轴16外圆柱型表面16c上的环形电枢20a、22a，以及固定到定子外壳18的定子电枢20b、22b。按照传统方式，每个定子电枢20b、22b包括定子磁路，该定子磁路具有铁磁体和一个或多个环形线圈，并且每个所述定子电枢20b、22b被设置为面向转子电枢20a、22a以限定径向空隙Δ1。所述定子电枢的细节在图中没有显示。
上部和下部径向接触轴承26、28分别位于转子轴16的上下端部16a、16b处，从而在径向磁力轴承20、22失效的情况下径向地将所述转子轴16置于中央。所述上部和下部径向接触轴承26、28为滚珠轴承类型。
如图2中所示的，轴向机械止推轴承30设置在定子外壳18的下端部18b和转子轴16的下端部16b之间。轴向机械止推轴承30位于转子轴16中心，也就是其旋转轴线X-X上，并支撑转子的重量。轴向机械止推轴承30包括滚动体(例如滚珠32)，其由定子外壳18的、朝向转子轴16的下端部16b延伸的环形圆柱状突出部18c径向包围。环形圆柱状突出部18c和所述滚珠32之间限定径向空隙Δ2。
轴向机械止推轴承30还包括滚动轴承34，该滚动轴承34安装在定子板36和转子轴16的下端部16b之间并且被设计成支撑转子重量。
滚珠32与定子板36的下表面36b直接轴向接触以降低滚珠的磨损，从而提高所述轴向机械止推轴承的使用寿命。
定子板36通过包括例如三个弹簧的弹性装置38固定到定子外壳18，每个弹簧被固定到定子板的圆周端和所述定子外壳18的内圆周18d之间。作为一种选择，所述弹性装置可以包括径向地包围所述定子板36的O形圈或者波纹状的金属带(undulated metalribbon)。得益于所述弹性装置，所述径向磁力轴承的功能可以从轴向机械止推轴承分离出来。
如图所示的，所述滚动轴承34包括：固定到定子板36上部表面36a的内圈34a；安装在转子轴16的下端部16b的径向表面上的外圈34b；位于所述内圈34a和所述外圈34b之间的圆形列的滚动体34c、34d。得益于所述滚动轴承，所述定子板36不发生转动。
轴向机械止推轴承此类特定的结构允许滚珠32在径向方向上自由滚动，并且转子6在径向磁力轴承20、22的径向空隙Δ1中自由移动。因此，径向磁力轴承可主动控制转子的运动和位置，而不再受到轴向机械止推轴承30的干扰。
第二实施例已经根据一轴向机械止推轴承进行了图释，该轴向机械止推轴承包括配有至少一列在径向上设置于内圈和外圈之间的滚动体的滚动轴承。作为一种选择，轴向机械止推轴承包括的所述轴承可以是包括一个或两个轴承圈的普通轴承或者滑动轴承。
作为一种选择，图中所示的实施例可以应用于具有轴向磁力轴承(未显示)的旋转机械中。在旋转机械包括轴向磁力轴承的情况下，当轴向磁力轴承因为电源被切断或者超过其载荷而失效时，则轴向机械止推轴承将被使用。所述轴向机械止推轴承提供安全的支撑而不会干扰径向磁力轴承。在正常的运行中，轴向机械止推轴承和轴之间存在机械间隙。
得益于本发明，旋转机械的制造成本以及电能消耗都得到了降低而不会干扰径向磁力轴承。

Claims (10)

1.一种旋转机械(10)，包括：具有定子外壳(18)的定子(12)，和具有旋转轴线(X-X)并通过至少一个径向磁力轴承(20、22)支撑在所述定子外壳(18)中的转子轴(16)，
其特征在于，
所述旋转机械(10)包括在所述转子轴(16)的一端(16b)的径向表面附近的轴向机械止推轴承(24、30)，所述轴向机械止推轴承(24、30)包括位于所述转子轴(16)的旋转轴线(X-X)上的滚动体(24a、32)，
所述滚动体(24a)与所述转子轴(16)的一端(16b)直接轴向接触，从而使得所述转子轴(16)始终在所述滚动体(24a)上旋转，
所述轴向机械止推轴承(30)与所述转子轴(16)的一端(16b)轴向接触，并且所述轴向机械止推轴承(30)包括轴承(34)，所述轴承(34)安装在定子板(36)和所述转子轴(16)的一端(16b)之间并且被设计成支撑所述转子重量，所述定子板(36)由所述滚动体(32)支撑。
2.如权利要求1所述的旋转机械，其特征在于，所述定子板(36)通过弹性装置(38)固定到所述定子外壳(18)上。
3.如权利要求2所述的旋转机械，其特征在于，所述弹性装置(38)包括至少三个弹簧，每个弹簧固定到所述定子板(36)的圆周和所述定子外壳(38)的内部圆周(18d)上。
4.如权利要求2所述的旋转机械，其特征在于，所述弹性装置包括径向包围所述定子板的O形圈。
5.如权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的旋转机械，其特征在于，所述轴承(34)包括：安装在所述定子板(36)上的内圈(34a)；安装在所述转子轴(16)的一端(16b)的径向表面上的外圈(34b)；以及，位于所述内圈(34a)和所述外圈(34b)之间的至少一列滚动体(34c、34d)。
6.如权利要求5所述的旋转机械，其特征在于，所述轴承(34)包括位于所述内圈(34a)和外圈(34b)之间的一圆形列滚动体(34c、34d)。
7.如前述权利要求1到4中任意一项所述的旋转机械，其特征在于，位于所述转子轴(16)的旋转轴线(X-X)上的所述滚动体(24a、32)为滚珠。
8.如前述权利要求1到4中任意一项所述的旋转机械，其特征在于，包括上部径向接触轴承(26)和下部径向接触轴承(28)，以便在所述径向磁力轴承(20、22)失效的情况下径向地支承所述转子轴(16)。
9.如前述权利要求1到4中任意一项所述的旋转机械，其特征在于，包括两个径向磁力轴承(20、22)。
10.如前述权利要求1到4中任意一项所述的旋转机械，其特征在于，包括轴向磁力轴承，从而当所述轴向磁力轴承失效时，所述轴向机械止推轴承(24、30)与所述转子轴(16)的一端(16b)发生轴向接触。
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