CN106949198B - 一种用于电动微型货车的自动变速箱 - Google Patents

一种用于电动微型货车的自动变速箱 Download PDF

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CN106949198B
CN106949198B CN201710194698.9A CN201710194698A CN106949198B CN 106949198 B CN106949198 B CN 106949198B CN 201710194698 A CN201710194698 A CN 201710194698A CN 106949198 B CN106949198 B CN 106949198B
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gear
output shaft
worm
shaft
driven gear
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CN106949198A (zh
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尹启生
高向锋
毛可岩
康传贝
彭建华
梁振星
石阳
李乐
高金宏
张慧
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Shandong Meng Wo Speed Changer Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/12—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with means for synchronisation not incorporated in the clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H61/32—Electric motors actuators or related electrical control means therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H2061/2892—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted other gears, e.g. worm gears, for transmitting rotary motion to the output mechanism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/304—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by electrical or magnetic force
    • F16H2063/3056—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by electrical or magnetic force using cam or crank gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于变速器技术领域，具体涉及一种反向输入农业装备变速箱，其主体结构包括离合器、变速箱壳体、一轴、倒档惰轮轴、一档被动齿轮、1/R齿毂、倒档被动齿轮、二档被动齿轮、2/3档齿毂、三档被动齿轮、二轴、第一法兰盘、差速器总成和第二法兰盘、动齿轮等；内空式结构的变速箱壳体的内部从下至上依次置有一轴和二轴，一轴上位于变速箱壳体内的部分从左至又依次固定连接有倒挡主动齿轮、一档主动齿轮、二挡主动齿轮和三挡主动齿轮，二轴上从左至右依次置有倒档被动齿轮、1/R齿毂、一档被动齿轮、差速器连接竖轴、二档被动齿轮、2/3档齿毂和三档被动齿轮；换挡操作简便，换挡力小，挡位排布和档位速合理，安全性能好，可靠性高，使用寿命长。

Description

一种用于电动微型货车的自动变速箱
技术领域：
本发明属于变速箱设备制造技术领域，涉及一种自动变速箱，特别是一种用于电动微型货车自动变速箱。
背景技术：
变速箱是车辆必不可少的部件，用来改变来自发动机的转速和转矩的机构，它能固定或分挡改变输出轴和输入轴传动比；变速箱由变速传动机构、操纵机构、动力输出机构，传动机构大多用普通齿轮传动，也有的用行星齿轮传动，普通齿轮传动变速机构一般用滑移齿轮和同步器；变速器的作用包括：改变传动比，满足不同行驶条件对牵引力的需要，使发动机尽量工作在有利的工况下，满足可能的行驶速度要求；实现倒车行驶，用来满足汽车倒退行驶的需要；中断动力传递，在发动机起动，怠速运转，汽车换挡或需要停车进行动力输出时，中断向驱动轮的动力传递；实现空挡，当离合器接合时，变速箱可以不输出动力；变速箱按传动比的变化方式分为有级式、无级式和综合式，有级式变速器有几个可选择的固定传动比，采用齿轮传动；无级式变速箱的传动比可在一定范围内连续变化。变速箱按是否自动变速分为手动变速箱和自动变速箱，自动变速箱又称为AMT变速箱，在汽车变速箱制造领域中，AMT变速箱既保留了手动变速箱传递效率高的优点，又实现了自动换挡操作舒适性。AMT变速箱的自动换挡变速系统简化了换挡操作，降低对驾驶技术的要求，提高行车安全性，应用AMT技术可在普通机械变速箱上进行改造，生产制造继承性好、结构简单、制造容易、维护维修成本低、经济环保、适合中国国情、合理的换挡点使冲击减小，传动效率、乘坐舒适性、经济型得到提高。
现有国内货车主要采用手动挡变速箱，手动挡变速箱存在以下缺陷：挡位过多使得变速箱主体结构过于复杂，进而导致生产成本较高，并且手动挡换挡力比较重，齿轮传动效率低；挡位较多不符合国内工作人员的工作习惯，使得工作人员换挡操作过程中经常会出现脱挡或乱挡现象。发明内容：
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点，提供一种用于电动微型货车的自动变速箱，该变速箱设计构思巧妙、主体结构合理、生产成本低、操作轻松方便。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所涉及的用于电动微型货车的自动变速箱的主体结构包括：输入轴、输出轴、常合齿轮、低挡被动齿轮合件、低挡主动齿轮、中间轴、高挡被动齿轮合件、高挡主动齿轮、蜗轮轴、蜗杆、蜗轮、通气塞合件、凸轮转毂、拨叉、拨叉轴、车速传感器、法兰盘、换挡电机和接近开关传感器；内空式结构的变速箱壳体的内部从下至上依次置有中间轴、输出轴、拨叉轴和蜗轮轴；中间轴两端通过轴承固定于壳体上，中间轴上从左至右依次固定置有常合齿轮、低挡主动齿轮和高挡主动齿轮；输出轴的左端置有输入轴，输入轴的左端穿过固定于壳体上的轴承与动力输入机构连接，用以传递动力，输入轴的右端固定连接有与常合齿轮啮合的齿轮，通过齿轮啮合作用将动力传递至常合齿轮来带动中间轴转动，输出轴的靠近中间的部分置有用以固定输出轴的轴承，输出轴的轴体左半部分上从左至右依次置有低挡被动齿轮合件和高挡被动齿轮合件，低挡被动齿轮合件和高挡被动齿轮合件能够绕输出轴转动而不能沿输出轴左右移动，低挡被动齿轮合件与低挡主动齿轮啮合，用以将动力由低挡主动齿轮传递至低挡被动齿轮合件，高挡被动齿轮合件与高挡主动齿轮啮合，用以将动力由高挡主动齿轮啮合传递至高挡被动齿轮合件；低挡被动齿轮合件和高挡被动齿轮合件之间固定置有同步器，同步器能够沿输出轴左右移动，并能够与低挡被动齿轮合件或高挡被动齿轮合件活动式连接，用以将动力由低挡被动齿轮合件或高挡被动齿轮合件传递至同步器，由同步器带动输出轴转动；输出轴的轴体右半部分上从左至右分别连接有感应轮、轴承和油封，轴承紧靠感应轮的右侧，用以对感应轮进行支撑和固定，并用以固定输出轴，感应轮上部的壳体上固定置有车速传感器，车速传感器用以通过测定感应轮的转速来测定车速，输出轴的右侧尾端延伸至壳体外部并与法兰盘固定连接，用以将动力传递至法兰盘；拨叉轴两端固定置于壳体上，拨叉轴上置有拨叉，拨叉下端与输出轴上的同步器连接，用以带动同步器左右移动，蜗轮轴的左右两端通过轴承固定于壳体上，蜗轮轴的轴体上靠右处固定置有能够随蜗轮轴转动的凸轮转毂，凸轮转毂的下端与拨叉的上端活动式连接，凸轮转毂的外表面上开有竖直方向上左右倾斜的凹槽，拨叉的叉头固定在凹槽内，凸轮转毂转动时能够带动拨叉实现左右平动，拨叉的右端置有用以测定拨叉位置的接近开关传感器；蜗轮轴的轴体上靠右处固定置有能够随蜗轮轴转动的蜗轮，蜗轮上端置有蜗杆，蜗杆的一端与蜗轮啮合，蜗杆的另一端与换挡电机连接用以将换挡电机的动力通过蜗杆和蜗轮传递至涡轮轴，并由涡轮轴传递至凸轮转毂，来带动拨叉移动。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：1.能够实现自动换挡，节省体力，挡位少，只设置两个前进挡和一个倒挡,便于操作；2.通过驱动电机的正反转用来实现前进挡或者后退挡，从而简化齿轮轴排布结构；3.挡位排布合理，自动换挡，有效避免了乱挡现象；4.蜗轮蜗杆传动速比大，传递效率高，传递扭矩大，提高整车的驾乘性，机械效率高；5.该自动变速箱能够应用于微型货车上并能够节能20％。
附图说明：
图1为本发明的主体结构原理示意图。
图2为本发明涉及的变速箱的右视图。
具体实施方式：
本实施例涉及的用于电动微型货车的自动变速箱的主体结构包括：输入轴1、输出轴2、常合齿轮3、低挡被动齿轮合件4、低挡主动齿轮5、中间轴6、高挡被动齿轮合件7、高挡主动齿轮8、蜗轮轴9、蜗杆10、蜗轮11、通气塞合件12、凸轮转毂13、拨叉14、拨叉轴15、车速传感器16、法兰盘17、换挡电机18和接近开关传感器19；内空式结构的变速箱壳体的内部从下至上依次置有中间轴6、输出轴2、拨叉轴15和蜗轮轴9；中间轴6两端通过轴承固定于壳体上，中间轴6上从左至右依次固定置有常合齿轮3、低挡主动齿轮5和高挡主动齿轮8；输出轴2的左端置有输入轴1，输入轴1的左端穿过固定于壳体上的轴承与动力输入机构连接，用以传递动力，输入轴1的右端固定连接有与常合齿轮3啮合的齿轮，通过齿轮啮合作用将动力传递至常合齿轮3来带动中间轴转动，输出轴2的靠近中间的部分置有用以固定输出轴2的轴承，输出轴2的轴体左半部分上从左至右依次置有低挡被动齿轮合件4和高挡被动齿轮合件7，低挡被动齿轮合件4和高挡被动齿轮合件7能够绕输出轴2转动而不能沿输出轴2左右移动，低挡被动齿轮合件4与低挡主动齿轮5啮合，用以将动力由低挡主动齿轮5传递至低挡被动齿轮合件4，高挡被动齿轮合件7与高挡主动齿轮8啮合，用以将动力由高挡主动齿轮8啮合传递至高挡被动齿轮合件7；低挡被动齿轮合件4和高挡被动齿轮合件7之间固定置有同步器，同步器能够沿输出轴2左右移动，并能够与低挡被动齿轮合件4或高挡被动齿轮合件7活动式连接，用以将动力由低挡被动齿轮合件4或高挡被动齿轮合件7传递至同步器，由同步器带动输出轴2转动；输出轴2的轴体右半部分上从左至右分别连接有感应轮、轴承和油封，感应轮上部的壳体上固定置有车速传感器16，车速传感器16用以通过测定感应轮的转速来测定车速，输出轴2的右侧尾端延伸至壳体外部并与法兰盘17固定连接，用以将动力传递至法兰盘17；拨叉轴15两端固定置于壳体上，拨叉轴15上置有拨叉14，拨叉14下端与输出轴2上的同步器连接，用以带动同步器左右移动，蜗轮轴9的左右两端通过轴承固定于壳体上，蜗轮轴9的轴体上靠右处固定置有能够随蜗轮轴9转动的凸轮转毂13，凸轮转毂13的下端与拨叉14的上端活动式连接，凸轮转毂13的外表面上开有竖直方向上左右倾斜的凹槽，拨叉14的叉头固定在凹槽内，凸轮转毂13转动时能够带动拨叉14实现左右平动，拨叉14的右端置有用以测定拨叉位置的接近开关传感器19；蜗轮轴9的轴体上靠右处固定置有能够随蜗轮轴9转动的蜗轮11，蜗轮11上端置有蜗杆10，蜗杆10的一端与蜗轮11啮合，蜗杆10的另一端与换挡电机18连接用以将换挡电机的动力通过蜗杆10和蜗轮11传递至涡轮轴9，并由涡轮轴9传递至凸轮转毂13，来带动拨叉14移动。
各挡位动力传递路线：
一挡：输入轴1-常合齿轮3-中间轴6-低挡主动齿轮5-低挡被动齿轮4-输出轴2
二挡：输入轴-1常合齿3-中间轴6-高挡主动齿轮8-高挡被动齿轮7-输出轴2；
倒挡：输入轴1(反转)-常合齿轮3-中间轴6-低挡主动齿轮5-低挡被动齿轮4-输出轴2；
自动换挡动力传递路线：
换挡电机9带动蜗杆10转动，蜗轮11、蜗杆10传动机构实现大速比的减速传动，实现垂直方向的传动，将动力传递至涡轮轴9，涡轮轴9带动凸轮转毂13转动，凸轮转毂13的转动通过凹槽将转动转换为带动拨叉14的左右平行移动，拨叉14拨动同步器实现换挡。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于电动微型货车的自动变速箱，其特征在于其主体结构包括：输入轴、输出轴、常合齿轮、低挡被动齿轮合件、低挡主动齿轮、中间轴、高挡被动齿轮合件、高挡主动齿轮、蜗轮轴、蜗杆、蜗轮、通气塞合件、凸轮转毂、拨叉、拨叉轴、车速传感器、法兰盘、换挡电机和接近开关传感器；内空式结构的变速箱壳体的内部从下至上依次置有中间轴、输出轴、拨叉轴和蜗轮轴；中间轴两端通过轴承固定于壳体上，中间轴上从左至右依次固定置有常合齿轮、低挡主动齿轮和高挡主动齿轮；输出轴的左端置有输入轴，输入轴的左端穿过固定于壳体上的轴承与动力输入机构连接，用以传递动力，输入轴的右端固定连接有与常合齿轮啮合的齿轮，通过齿轮啮合作用将动力传递至常合齿轮来带动中间轴转动，输出轴的靠近中间的部分置有用以固定输出轴的轴承，输出轴的轴体左半部分上从左至右依次置有低挡被动齿轮合件和高挡被动齿轮合件，低挡被动齿轮合件和高挡被动齿轮合件能够绕输出轴转动而不能沿输出轴左右移动，低挡被动齿轮合件与低挡主动齿轮啮合，用以将动力由低挡主动齿轮传递至低挡被动齿轮合件，高挡被动齿轮合件与高挡主动齿轮啮合，用以将动力由高挡主动齿轮啮合传递至高挡被动齿轮合件；低挡被动齿轮合件和高挡被动齿轮合件之间固定置有同步器，同步器能够沿输出轴左右移动，并能够与低挡被动齿轮合件或高挡被动齿轮合件活动式连接，用以将动力由低挡被动齿轮合件或高挡被动齿轮合件传递至同步器，由同步器带动输出轴转动；感应轮上部的壳体上固定置有车速传感器，车速传感器用以通过测定感应轮的转速来测定车速，输出轴的右侧尾端延伸至壳体外部并与法兰盘固定连接，用以将动力传递至法兰盘；拨叉轴两端固定置于壳体上，拨叉轴上置有拨叉，拨叉下端与输出轴上的同步器连接，用以带动同步器左右移动，蜗轮轴的左右两端通过轴承固定于壳体上，蜗轮轴的轴体上靠右处固定置有能够随蜗轮轴转动的凸轮转毂，凸轮转毂的下端与拨叉的上端活动式连接，凸轮转毂的外表面上开有竖直方向上左右倾斜的凹槽，拨叉的叉头固定在凹槽内，凸轮转毂转动时能够带动拨叉实现左右平动，蜗轮轴的轴体上靠右处固定置有能够随蜗轮轴转动的蜗轮，蜗轮上端置有蜗杆，蜗杆的一端与蜗轮啮合，蜗杆的另一端与换挡电机连接用以将换挡电机的动力通过蜗杆和蜗轮传递至涡轮轴，并由涡轮轴传递至凸轮转毂，来带动拨叉移动；其一挡实现路线为：输入轴-常合齿轮-中间轴-低挡主动齿轮-低挡被动齿轮-输出轴；其二挡实现路线为：输入轴-常合齿-中间轴-高挡主动齿轮-高挡被动齿轮-输出轴；其倒挡实现路线为：输入轴反转-常合齿轮-中间轴-低挡主动齿轮-低挡被动齿轮-输出轴，所述拨叉的右端置有用以测定拨叉位置的接近开关传感器；所述输出轴的轴体右半部分上从左至右分别连接有感应轮、轴承和油封，轴承紧靠感应轮的右侧，用以对感应轮进行支撑和固定，并用以固定输出轴。
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