CN106943505A - 犬用抗产前应激综合征的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
犬用抗产前应激综合征的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种犬用抗产前应激综合征的中药组合物及其制备方法。本发明中药组合物由以下各组分组成:香附,苍术,茯苓,连翘,白术,酸枣仁,黑豆,远志,紫苏叶和当归。本发明进一步公开了制备所述中药组合物的方法以及适于临床应用的各种药物剂型。本发明中药组合物具有理气宽中,补脾清心解郁之功效。动物试验证实,本发明中药组合物不但对妊娠母犬有明显的抗产前应激作用及对肝肾功能无明显的影响,而且还能够避免产前应激综合征对后代仔犬在生长、发育方面的不良影响。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及犬用抗产前应激综合征的中药组合物,本发明进一步涉及制备该中药组合物的方法,属于犬产前应激综合征的中药治疗领域。
背景技术
犬产前应激综合征是由于犬妊娠期间受到过强或者持续时间过长的严重应激因素刺激,导致机体垂体—肾上腺皮质系统发生特异性障碍与非特异性防御反应(刘福元.犬应激综合征的临床诊治[J].当代畜牧,2014,(14):54-55.),母体和子代均会出现应激相关的症状及病理学变化(Nicoletto S F,A Rinaldi.In the womb's shadow.The theory ofprenatal programming as the fetal origin of various adult diseases isincreasingly supported by a wealth of evidence[J].EMBO Rep,2011,12(1):30-4.)。母犬发生该应激综合征时,轻者呈现惊恐、骚动、体温升高或降低、呼吸及心跳频率改变、四肢无力或僵直、体质下降、抗病力降低等类似酸中毒的征候群(郑国清,张玲,郑娟.应激对犬的影响及防治措施[J].当代畜牧,2010,(4):48-49.),重者直接造成动物流产、产出死胎和弱胎、甚至母犬死亡(郭宝发.犬应激综合症及临床诊治实例[J].中国工作犬业,2013,(9):20-21.)。初产犬易发生这种综合征,在临床中易出现应激的品种(苏格兰牧羊犬)、野性强的犬(藏獒)表现尤为强烈,常出现明显的临床症状。另外,发生产前应激综合征的母犬产出的幼犬往往在后期的生长发育过程中出现免疫力低下、生长发育迟缓、易患病及认知障碍等异常情况。该综合征已成为危害宠物健康的重要的产科疾病之一。
在恐惧、愤怒、疼痛等应激反应的作用下,机体由于在高代谢状况下糖原分解、蛋白质代谢和脂肪动员加速,氨基酸和脂肪酸、乳酸经过糖异生生成葡萄糖进入血液增多,致使机体血糖升高(林建华.ACTH、COR在评估颅脑损伤患者病情与预后的临床意义[J].中华全科医学,2013,11(7):1115-1116.)。促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)是调节肾上腺皮质生长和发育的相关因子,为动物机体显示应激反应的重要因子,是由氨基酸组成的小分子多肽,产生在垂体前叶,主要的生理作用为促进糖皮质激素(GCS)的分泌与释放(郭凤铭.乳化异氟醚麻醉对犬应激相关激素的影响[D].东北农业大学,2013.)。皮质醇(Cor)也称为氢化可的松,由肾上腺的束状带分泌产生的的糖皮质激素,具有广泛的抗炎作用。在应激反应时,Cor动员葡萄糖、氨基酸及脂肪酸等物质,为机体快速产生能量抵御和逃避不良刺激(屠伟峰.外科性糖代谢障碍病理生理机制的研究现状[J].实用医学杂志,2003,19(11):2821-2824.)。因此这三项指标可作为应激反应的指示性检测项目。
现有的治疗犬产前应激综合征的药物都不同程度的存在疗效差或安全性低等问题,因此,目前亟待需要研制一种适用于犬产前应激综合征的疗效确切、安全性好的中药组合物。
发明内容
本发明的第一个技术问题是提供一种对于犬产前应激综合征有确切疗效的中药组合物;
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题是提供一种制备所述中药组合物的方法;
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采取的技术方案是:
一种犬用抗产前应激综合征的中药组合物,由以下各组分组成:香附,苍术,茯苓,连翘,白术,酸枣仁,黑豆,远志,紫苏叶和当归。
优选的,各组分的重量份是:香附20-50份,苍术20-50份,茯苓20-50份,连翘15-45份,白术15-45份,酸枣仁10-40份,黑豆10-40份,远志10-40份,紫苏叶10-40份,当归10-40份;
更优选的,各组分的重量份是:香附25-45份,苍术25-45份,茯苓25-45份,连翘20-40份,白术20-40份,酸枣仁15-35份,黑豆15-35份,远志15-35份,紫苏叶15-35份,当归15-35份;
最优选的,各组分的重量份是:香附30份,苍术30份,茯苓30份,连翘30份,白术30份,酸枣仁30份,黑豆30份,远志30份,紫苏叶30份,当归30份。
为了达到更好的治疗效果,其中,所述的香附优选为醋炙香附,所述苍术优选是经过米泔水浸制后的苍术;所述的黑豆是盐炙黑豆。
香附;为莎草科植物莎草的干燥根茎。辛、微苦、微甘,平。归肝、脾、三焦经。疏肝解郁,理气宽中,调经止痛。
苍术:为菊科植物茅苍术Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.)DC.或北苍术Atractylodes chinensis(DC.)Koidz.的干燥根茎。味辛、苦,性温。归脾、胃、肝经。燥湿健脾,祛风散寒,明目。
茯苓:为多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poria cocos(Schw.)Wolf的干燥菌核。味甘、淡,性平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。利水渗湿,健脾,宁心。
连翘:性味苦,凉;入心、肝、胆经;清热,解毒,散结,消肿。治温热,丹毒,斑疹,痈疡肿毒,瘰疬,小便淋闭。
白术:味苦,甘,性温。归脾、胃经。健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎。用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。土白术健脾,和胃,安胎。用于脾虚食少,泄泻便溏,胎动不安。
酸枣仁:别名枣仁、酸枣核、山枣仁。由鼠李科乔木酸枣成熟果实去果肉、核壳,收集种子,晒干而成;味甘、酸,性平。能滋养心肝,安神,敛汗。养肝,宁心,安神,敛汗。
黑豆:黑豆又名橹豆、黑大豆等;豆科植物大豆(学名:Glycinemax(L.)merr)的黑色种子。具有消肿下气、润肺清热、活血利水、祛风除痹、补血安神、明目健脾、补肾益阴、解毒的作用。
远志:性味苦、辛、温。归心、肾、肺经。安神益智,解郁。治惊悸,健忘,梦遗,失眠,咳嗽多痰,痈疽疮肿。
紫苏叶:性温,入肺脾经,具有发表散寒、理气和营之功效。
当归:性甘、辛、温;归肝、心、脾经。具有补血;活血;调经止痛;润燥滑肠之功效。
本发明人根据五神脏理论,五脏的生理活动,与机体的精神密切相关,认为“心藏神,肺藏魄,肝藏魂,脾藏意,肾藏志”,神、魄、魂、意、志是精神活动的不同表现,分别与五脏相关,故把心、肺、肝、脾、肾合称为“五神脏”。根据这种理论,将香附、苍术、茯苓、连翘、白术、酸枣仁、黑豆、远志、紫苏叶、当归等组成方剂,。
本发明方中各药配伍在一起共奏理气宽中,补脾清心解郁清热解毒、祛湿、收敛止痒之功效,对于犬产前应激综合征具有确切的疗效。本发明中药组合物无毒无害,安全可靠,使用后无不良反应,临床使用安全。
本发明所用到的原料药均可从普通医药商店购买得到,其规格符合国家医药标准。
本发明中药组合物中各组分按照常规的提取方法提取活性成分后,再加入制备不同剂型时所需的各种辅料或者添加剂或者助剂或载体(例如增溶剂、稀释剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助悬剂、防腐剂、矫味剂或黏合剂等),可制备成任何一种临床上适用的口服制剂。其中,所述的口服制剂可以是散剂、颗粒剂、丸剂,优选为散剂。
优选的,一种制备本发明中药组合物的方法,该方法包括:
将各组分研磨、过筛,即得。
优选的,另一种制备本发明中药组合物的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将各组分用水煎煮,将煎煮液过滤,滤液浓缩成清膏,将清膏干燥,得到干粉,备用;
(2)向干粉中加入制剂成型用的辅料或者添加剂或者助剂或载体,混合均匀,制备得到相应的固体制剂。
其中,优选的,步骤(1)中所述煎煮是加水煎煮1-3次,更优选为2次;其中第一次加6-12倍重量水,煎煮1-3小时;第二次加4-10倍重量水,煎煮0.5-2小时;将煎煮液合并,滤过,滤液浓缩至75℃测定时相对密度为1.12-1.18的清膏,再将清膏进行干燥得到干粉。
动物试验证实,本发明中药组合物不但对妊娠母犬有明显的抗产前应激作用及对肝肾功能无明显的影响,而且还能够避免产前应激综合征对后代仔犬在生长、发育方面的不良影响。
对于本发明中药组合物所制备的各种剂型,可参考以下的用法与用量进行临床应用:
作为参考,散剂的用法及用量:拌到犬的饲料中,每天服用4g,
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明,本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清楚。但是应理解所述实施例仅是范例性的,不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换,但这些修改或替换均落入本发明的保护范围。
实施例1 散剂的制备
按以下重量称取各组分:香附(醋炙)30g,苍术(米泔水浸制)30g,茯苓30g,连翘30g,白术30g,酸枣仁30g,黑豆(盐炙)30g,远志30g,紫苏叶30g,当归30g;
将各组分混合研磨成散剂,过2号筛,即得。
实施例2 散剂的制备
按以下重量称取各组分:香附(醋炙)20g,苍术(米泔水浸制)20g,茯苓20g,连翘15g,白术15g,酸枣仁10g,黑豆(盐炙)10g,远志10g,紫苏叶10g,当归10g;
将各组分混合研磨成散剂,过2号筛,即得。
实施例3 散剂的制备
按以下重量称取各组分:香附(醋炙)50g,苍术(米泔水浸制)50g,茯苓50g,连翘45g,白术45g,酸枣仁40g,黑豆(盐炙)40g,远志40g,紫苏叶40g,当归40g;
将各组分混合研磨成散剂,过2号筛,即得。
实施例4 颗粒剂的制备
(1)按下述重量称取各原料药:香附25g,苍术25g,茯苓25g,连翘20g,白术20g,酸枣仁15g,黑豆15g,远志15g,紫苏叶15g,当归15g;
(2)各原料药加水煎煮2次,第一次加入10倍重量的水,煎煮2小时,滤过,得滤液;药渣再加入8倍重量的水,煎煮1.5小时,滤过,得滤液;合并滤液;
(3)步骤(2)所得的滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.12-1.18(75℃)的浸膏,喷雾干燥,得干浸膏粉A;
(4)干浸膏粉A中加入淀粉混合,干压制成颗粒,再加入适量糊精,混合均匀,分装,包装即得成品。
实施例5 颗粒剂的制备
(1)按下述重量称取各原料药:香附45g,苍术45g,茯苓45g,连翘40g,白术40g,酸枣仁35g,黑豆35g,远志35g,紫苏叶35g,当归35g;
(2)各原料药加水煎煮2次,第一次加入10倍重量的水,煎煮2小时,滤过,得滤液;药渣再加入8倍重量的水,煎煮1.5小时,滤过,得滤液;合并滤液;
(3)步骤(2)所得的滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.12-1.18(75℃)的浸膏,喷雾干燥,得干浸膏粉A;
(4)干浸膏粉A中加入淀粉混合,干压制成颗粒,再加入适量糊精,混合均匀,分装,包装即得成品。
试验例1 本发明中药组合物治疗犬产前应激综合征的试验
1试验方法
1.1试验动物与分组
健康雌性比格犬36只,20~24月龄均已产过一窝仔犬,于当年秋季诱导同期发情并进行配种(发情后9-11天,与雄性比格犬自然交配,两次交配中间间隔1天)。据第一次交配后30天采用B超诊断,排除未妊娠和妊娠异常的试验犬。最终使用30只妊娠正常的试验犬,并将其随机均分为三组,即对照组(DZ)、造模组(ZM)、造模+药物(ZMY)组。
1.2试验药品及仪器和设备
犬皮质醇ELISA试剂盒(苏州卡尔文生物科技有限公司,批号20151010A)、犬促肾上腺皮质激素ELISA试剂盒(北京绿源博德生物科技有限公司,批号20151005)等。连续波长酶标仪(Gene Company Limited医疗器械有限公司)、微量移液器、常规手术器械、离心机、真空采血管、计时器等。
1.3抗犬产前应激药物组成及饲喂
实施例1制备的颗粒剂:香附(醋炙)30g,苍术(米泔水浸制)30g,茯苓30g,连翘30g,白术30g,酸枣仁30g,黑豆(盐炙)30g,远志30g,紫苏叶30g,当归30g。混合研磨成散剂,过2号筛(国家药典规定型号),ZMY组的犬每天服用4g(分成两份,与矫味剂一同拌服在犬粮中饲喂。)
ZM组的犬每天饲喂与ZMY组相同重量的犬粮。
1.4造模过程及相关指标的检测
具体指标见表1和表2。
表1操作过程表(n=10)
将相同组别的犬寄养在同一个房间内,相同规格的笼子里,从妊娠第46天开始用摄像机持续监测,记录各犬的行为表现。妊娠第47、48、51天每天早上8:00—8:10遛狗,8:20开始测量各项生理指标值,记录。最后采血。基本操作完毕之后饲喂,8:40开始用摄像机持续观察,记录各犬的行为表现。16:00—16:10遛狗,喂食。
表2各组行为学变化指标的判定
1.5血液样品采集和检测
所有受试犬均于妊娠后第47、48、51和53天(上午8:30~8:40之间,保持空腹),采取臂头静脉血2mL,制取血清,-80℃保存待测。用酶标仪在450nm波长下测定品血糖、血清皮质醇与促肾上腺皮质激素吸光度(OD值),计算样品血糖、血清Cor与ACTH含量浓度。
1.6统计学分析
所有数据应用SPSS18.0数据统计分析软件处理,所得数值均以“均值±标准差”形式表示,对数据进行单因素方差分析,以P<0.05有显著性差异,P>0.05代表没有显著性差异。
2.试验结果
2.1行为学变化监测结果
通过对各组破坏性(抓/挖/咀嚼)、发声(呜呜/吠/咆哮)、排泄(排尿/排便)和警惕性等行为学检测指标进行统计,试验结果显示:ZM组与DZ和ZMY组比较,在妊娠后第47、48、51和53d,表现的产前应激性行为更为明显(P<0.05),而DZ与ZMY组间比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05),说明复方中药对产前应激有明显的抑制作用,起到了保护性作用。具体结果见表3。
表3各组行为学改变(分,n=10)
注:组间比较(同列互相比较),肩标字母不同代表有显著性差异(P<0.05),肩标字母不同代表无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
2.2血糖检测结果
对血糖检测结果分析表明:进行组间数据比较,ZM组与DZ和ZMY组比较,在妊娠后第47、48、51和53d,血糖明显升高(P<0.05),而DZ与ZMY组间比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05),说明复方中药对应激引发的血糖升高有明显的抑制作用,起到明显降糖和抗产前应激作用。具体结果见表4。
表4不同组别血糖检测结果(mg/dL,n=10)
注:统计学标记同表3。
2.3皮质醇检测结果
对皮质醇检测结果分析表明:进行组间数据比较,ZM组与DZ和ZMY组比较,在妊娠后第47、48、51和53d,血中皮质醇明显升高(P<0.05),而DZ与ZMY组间比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05),说明复方中药对应激引发的皮质醇升高有明显的抑制作用,起到了较为显著的抗产前应激作用。具体结果见表5。
表5不同组别皮质醇检测结果(μg/L,n=10)
注:统计学标记同表3。
2.4促肾上腺皮质激素检测结果
对肾上腺皮质激素检测结果分析表明:进行组间数据比较,ZM组与DZ和ZMY组比较,在妊娠后第47、48、51和53d,血中肾上腺皮质激素明显升高(P<0.05),而DZ与ZMY组间比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05),说明复方中药对应激引发的肾上腺皮质激素升高有明显的抑制作用,起到了较为显著的抗产前应激作用。具体结果见表6。
表6不同组别促肾上腺皮质激素检测结果(ng/L,n=10)
注:统计学标记同表3。
2.5血常规指标检测结果
对血常规指标检测结果分析表明:进行组间数据比较,ZM组与DZ和ZMY组比较,在妊娠后第47、48、51和53d,血液中WBC、Lym呈现较为明显下降,其他检测指标变化不明显,而DZ与ZMY组间比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05),说明复方中药对应激引发的血常规异常变化有良好的干预作用,起到了较为显著的抗产前应激作用。具体结果见表7。
表7各组血常规指标检测结果(n=10)
注:统计分析标记同表3.
2.6对肝、肾功能检测结果
对肝、肾功能检测结果分析表明:进行组间数据比较,各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),说明复方中药对动物机体无明显的毒副作用,对肝脏和肾脏功能无不良影响。具体结果见表8。
表8各组肝、肾功能检测结果(n=10)
注:统计分析标记同表3.
2.7对后代仔犬生长、发育情况检查结果
对后代仔犬生长、发育情况检查结果分析表明:进行组间数据比较,ZM组与DZ和ZMY组比较,在除产异常仔犬数外,其他方面均有一定的差异,其中平均产仔数、仔犬初生重、60日龄离乳犬体重、犬1~6月龄月增重等方面存在着显著差异(P<0.05),而DZ与ZMY组间比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05),说明复方中药对产前应激造成的后代仔犬生长、发育异常有明显的干预作用,起到了较为显著的抗产前应激的作用。具体结果见表9。
表9对后代仔犬生长发育情况检查结果(n=10)
注:统计分析标记同表3.
根据上述试验结果可见,本发明中药组合物不但对妊娠母犬有明显的抗产前应激作用及对肝肾功能无明显的影响,而且还能够避免产前应激综合征对后代仔犬在生长、发育方面的不良影响。
Claims (10)
1.一种犬用抗产前应激综合征的中药组合物,其特征在于,由以下各组分组成:香附,苍术,茯苓,连翘,白术,酸枣仁,黑豆,远志,紫苏叶和当归。
2.按照权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,各组分的重量份是:香附20-50份,苍术20-50份,茯苓20-50份,连翘15-45份,白术15-45份,酸枣仁10-40份,黑豆10-40份,远志10-40份,紫苏叶10-40份,当归10-40份。
3.按照权利要求2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,各组分的重量份是:香附25-45份,苍术25-45份,茯苓25-45份,连翘20-40份,白术20-40份,酸枣仁15-35份,黑豆15-35份,远志15-35份,紫苏叶15-35份,当归15-35份。
4.按照权利要求3所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,各组分的重量份是:香附30份,苍术30份,茯苓30份,连翘30份,白术30份,酸枣仁30份,黑豆30份,远志30份,紫苏叶30份,当归30份。
5.按照权利要求1-4任何一项所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的香附为醋炙香附,所述苍术是经过米泔水浸制后的苍术;所述的黑豆是盐炙黑豆。
6.按照权利要求1-4任何一项所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,将其制备成任何一种犬适用的口服制剂。
7.按照权利要求6所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,其中,所述的口服制剂是散剂、颗粒剂、丸剂,优选为散剂。
8.一种制备权利要求1-4任何一项所述中药组合物的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:将各组分研磨、过筛,即得。
9.一种制备权利要求1-4任何一项所述中药组合物的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:
(1)将各组分用水煎煮,将煎煮液过滤,滤液浓缩成清膏,将清膏干燥,得到干粉,备用;
(2)向干粉中加入制剂成型用的辅料或者添加剂或者助剂或载体,混合均匀,制备得到相应的固体制剂。
10.权利要求1-4任何一项所述中药组合物在制备犬用抗产前应激综合征药物中的用途。
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