CN106941889A - The method for airing and corn seed producing method of a kind of corn seed producing - Google Patents

The method for airing and corn seed producing method of a kind of corn seed producing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106941889A
CN106941889A CN201710176188.9A CN201710176188A CN106941889A CN 106941889 A CN106941889 A CN 106941889A CN 201710176188 A CN201710176188 A CN 201710176188A CN 106941889 A CN106941889 A CN 106941889A
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corn
airing
equal
drying
seed producing
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CN201710176188.9A
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李锟
孙玉珊
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Zhangye Research Of Agricultural Science Institute
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Zhangye Research Of Agricultural Science Institute
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F25/00Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, there is provided a kind of method for airing of corn seed producing, it is characterised in that it includes:Corn ear is placed in per day illumination it is more than or equal to 10 DEG C and relative humidity more than or equal to 9 hours, daily mean temperature and is less than or equal to 50% drying place and dries 15 20 days, the earth's surface moisture content for drying place is less than or equal to 3%, level of ground water is more than or equal to 10m, and mean wind speed is less than or equal to 3m/s.This method corn ear can more fully be dried it is air-dried, and it is mouldy morbidity fruit ear it is few.Present invention also offers a kind of corn seed producing method, it includes the method for airing for the corn seed producing that the present invention is provided, and corn ear carries out threshing, drying and processing after drying to it.Corn seed qualification rate made from this method is high, and germination percentage is high.

Description

The method for airing and corn seed producing method of a kind of corn seed producing
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, in particular to the method for airing and corn seed producing of a kind of corn seed producing Method.
Background technology
At present, existing corn seed producing is typically dried using traditional drying mode, though which has operation letter It is single to dry sweeping feature, but be due to dry environment and dry the various modes of operation of process unreasonable to cause drying process The corn seed of more mouldy germination is produced, and the corn seed germination rate finally given is not also high.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method for airing of corn seed producing, it is intended to improve during existing corn seed producing is dried by In dry it is insufficient produce the more mouldy seed of germination and general seed quality that finally give the problem of.
The invention provides a kind of corn seed producing method, it is intended to improves existing corn seed producing process and produces the mouldy kind of germination The problem of son seed quality that is more and finally giving is general.
What the present invention was realized in:
A kind of corn seed producing method, it includes:Corn ear is placed in per day illumination flat more than or equal to 9 hour, days Equal temperature is more than or equal to 10 DEG C and drying place of the relative humidity less than or equal to 50% is dried 15-20 days, dries place Earth's surface moisture content is less than or equal to 3%, and level of ground water is more than or equal to 10m, and mean wind speed is less than or equal to 3m/s.
A kind of corn seed producing method, includes the method for airing of above-mentioned corn seed producing, by iblet after corn ear drying The corn ear that moisture content is less than or equal to 18% carries out threshing, is dried iblet to moisture content after threshing and is less than or equal to 13%.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The method for airing and corn system for the corn seed producing that the present invention is obtained by above-mentioned design The method of kind, due to enabling corn ear to be air-dried in 15-20 days by abundant dry because it possesses preferably drying condition, and Preferably dry condition so that the corn seed producing method that provides of the present invention is extremely low in the defect rate that production of hybrid seeds process is produced due to possessing, And obtained percentage of seedgermination is high.
Embodiment
, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer Technical scheme be clearly and completely described.Unreceipted actual conditions person, builds according to normal condition or manufacturer in embodiment The condition of view is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, are the conventional production that can be obtained by commercially available purchase Product.
The corn seed producing method of the embodiment of the present invention is specifically described below.
The method for airing and corn seed producing method of the corn seed producing comprise the following steps:
A kind of method for airing of corn seed producing, including:By corn ear be placed in per day illumination more than or equal to 9 hours, Daily mean temperature is more than or equal to 10 DEG C and drying place of the relative humidity less than or equal to 50% is dried 15-20 days, airing field The earth's surface moisture content on ground is less than or equal to 3%, and level of ground water is more than or equal to 10m, and mean wind speed is less than or equal to 3m/s.It is beautiful Rice cracker fringe flocks together the fringe to be formed for corn fruit.
Specifically, corn ear is being harvested in planting site first before corn ear is dried.Harvest time is 10 Before months 5 days, choose that bract turns yellow, loose, seed dehydration is hardened, milk-line disappears, seed base portion the corn of black cap layers occurs really Fringe is harvested, and is after harvesting removed the peel corn ear, peels off fruit ear crust, to the fruit ear through peeling after harvesting by design It is required that roping is to specified airing field.It can interpolate that whether corn is ripe by features described above, exactly the corn energy of harvesting ripe Enough germination percentages for improving obtained corn seed.
Further, also include being cleared up in drying place before drying, particle diameter in place will be dried and be more than the miscellaneous of 5cm Matter is removed, and sets fence to fill and lead up the irrigation canals and ditches of depth or width more than 5cm simultaneously in the surrounding for drying place, builds seed transport Track.Do not build permanent construction.It is to prevent that impurity is entrained in the phase of corn ear to remove particle diameter to be more than 5cm impurity In the gap of adjacent iblet, and the less impurity of size is then not easy this situation occur, sets fence same drying place surrounding Sample is to dry place to prevent that the impurity of greater particle size from entering.
Further, also include carrying out disinfection to drying place before corn ear is dried, every mu is spilt 10kg lifes Pulverized limestone.Drying place, which is carried out disinfection, can kill the microorganism and insect that dry in place, it is to avoid corn ear occur and exist Iblet is mouldy during drying or phenomenon that eaten by worm.
Further, also include that airing net, the drying will be laid in airing field ground surface before corn ear is dried Net is from the most commonly seen black being most easily commercially available, stretching resistance be strong, the long wide 6-10m of 50m shade net, it is necessary to explanation, The size of airing net is the bigger the better, but because oversized dimensions are difficult to buy therefore choose this size.The purpose for laying airing net is to keep away Exempt from corn ear and directly contact with ground to gather while being easy to pack up the corn ear for spreading drying out.Further, the drying The number of plies that net laying is set can be two layers.Two layers of airing net intensity is higher, is less susceptible to make corn ear spill from mesh.
Specifically, it is whole to dry process in September 15 between October 15.Corn ear after peeling is placed in average light According to more than or equal to 9 hours, daily mean temperature be more than or equal to 10 DEG C, relative humidity be less than or equal to 50%, mean wind speed it is small Dried in or equal to the drying place of 3m/s, level of ground water more than or equal to 10m, earth's surface moisture content less than or equal to 3%, Dry 15-20 days.This earth's surface moisture content is the average moisture content in ground to the underground 50cm segment distances.Corn is main in September Need to carry out the drying production of hybrid seeds in time after maturation, its maturation, in the whole nation most of regional Septembers 15 to temperature between October 15 all more 10 DEG C are easily reached, and average daylight is both greater than 9 hours according to usual during this period, but need control to dry place on this condition Humidity, wind speed, or the drying place of selection humidity and wind speed within the above range, while also needing to dry the level of ground water in place Within the above range, coordinate illumination with temperature to ensure that the moisture in iblet is persistently reduced during drying, and dry in the air Moisture content in iblet is enabled to after shining 15-20 days up to less than 18%, number of days is very few that corn ear may be caused to dry in the air for drying Shine incomplete, dry number of days and spend the at most waste drying time.
It should be noted that also needed to when choosing and drying place the selection gradient be less than 50 degree, traffic convenience, surrounding it is open Without forest belt, without high-lager building well-ventilated and the sufficient smooth Gobi desert sandy beach of illumination or desert.Note when drying by difference Kind is isolated in order to avoid mixed in together, thus can be set up between the adjacent different cultivars in position is dried width for 5-6m every From area, at the same can also width be 1m work road.Isolating sector width can not be too wide, and too wide waste dries space, while width Can not be too narrow, too narrow easily to make other kinds of being adulterated in corn ear, the work road of the wide left and right of 1m enables staff to stand Normal work thereon.
Further, when corn ear is dried per tedding within 3-8 days once, and with reference to turning over during natural air drying Shine, pick out other corn varieties being mingled with or the fruit ear for having pest and disease damage symptom.Ted and be conducive to each position of corn ear Iblet can be air-dried by abundant dry, and ted within 3-8 days can either once ensure not excessive labor intensive in the case of make Corn ear is obtained to be air-dried by abundant dry.
Further, during corn ear drying, typically corn ear is stacked two layers and dried, is stacked two layers When save dry place area can guarantee that again the faster time completion corn ear drying.And when drying Ground When product is smaller, also stackable multilayer stacks the time used by the more drying processes of the number of plies longer.6 layers are at most stacked, if stacking excessive The unfavorable then easy probability for increasing the mold of seed of ventilation.
Further, during corn ear drying, it is prominent meet cooling or need to be accumulated when snowing corn ear carry out it is antifreeze Processing.By the corn ear spread out cold current come with snow before rapid heap come, height is not more than 1m, and width is not more than 2m, Length is determined by orographic condition, and is covered cotton-wadded quilt etc. and be incubated.Covered again two layers in the outer layer of the coverings such as cotton-wadded quilt when snowing Airing net, snow removes rapidly accumulated snow after stopping with the method for volume snowball.When temperature goes back up to more than 0 DEG C, corn is spread out again really Fringe.
A kind of corn seed producing method, includes the method for airing of above-mentioned corn seed producing, treats that corn ear is dried to iblet When moisture content is less than or equal to 18%, corn ear is subjected to threshing, iblet is dried to moisture content after threshing and is less than Or equal to 13%.Specifically, when corn is ripe, moisture content is about 35% in iblet, is adopted when drying to moisture content up to 18% Threshing is carried out with thresing machine, thresing machine may break corn kernel structure during corn threshing if water content is more than 18% It is bad.Iblet after threshing is sent to drying tower and carries out low temperature drying, iblet moisture content is less than or equal to 13%, is usually 11%-13%.Iblet moisture content is more easy to maintain when being 11%-13%, and bud ratio is high.
After baked seed, selected, classification, packaging and storage are carried out.Finally the cleaning corn ear fringe heart, arrangement, which are reclaimed, dries Net, picks up the seed omitted and is used as commodity corn.
Illustrated with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Tedded after the ripe corn ear peeling of the harvest of First Year September 30 days in clear up the impurity for being more than 5cm, filled and led up depth Or width be more than 5cm irrigation canals and ditches, surrounding be provided with fence, every mu with 10kg lime disinfections and be equipped with the wide 6- of 50m one layer long The drying place of the airing net of 10m black, the per day illumination in the drying place 9 hours, 10 DEG C of daily mean temperature, relative humidity are 3%th, level of ground water 10m, earth's surface moisture content are 3%.The drying place gradient is less than 50 degree and the spacious well-ventilated of surrounding simultaneously. By corn ear accumulation, 2 layers are dried.
The interregional isolated area for setting up loose 5m is dried during corn ear drying, in adjacent different cultivars corn, this Isolated area is no longer separately provided work road as work road simultaneously.Ted once within every 3 days, after drying 15 days, all corn ears In iblet moisture content be respectively less than or equal to 18% now dry process terminate, then corn ear is carried out by thresing machine Threshing is handled.
Iblet is delivered to drying tower and dried to moisture content after threshing and is less than or equal to 13%, will be a certain after drying All iblets that kind is dried then, which is weighed, enter table 1 by quality record, then that the iblet progress of the kind is selected, Abandon the iblet of shrivelled mouldy morbidity, will be selected after iblet weighed, quality record is entered into table 1.Then will be selected Seed grading afterwards, packaging and storage, finally clear up the corn ear fringe heart, arrange and reclaim airing net, pick up the seed omitted and be used as Commodity corn.
Embodiment 2
Tedded after the ripe corn ear peeling of the harvest of Second Year September 15 days in clear up the impurity for being more than 5cm, filled and led up depth Or width be more than 5cm irrigation canals and ditches, surrounding be provided with fence, every mu with 10kg lime disinfections and be equipped with the wide 6- of 50m one layer long The drying place of the airing net of 10m black, the per day illumination in drying place is more than 9 hours, 10.5 DEG C of daily mean temperature, relative Humidity is that 2.7%, level of ground water 11m, earth's surface moisture content are 2.8%.The drying place gradient is less than 50 degree simultaneously and surrounding is empty Spacious well-ventilated.By corn ear accumulation, 4 layers are dried.
During corn ear drying, the interregional isolated area for setting up loose 6m is dried in adjacent different cultivars corn, this Isolated area is no longer separately provided work road as work road simultaneously.Ted once within every 5 days, after drying 17 days, all corn ears In iblet moisture content be respectively less than or equal to 18% now dry process terminate, then corn ear is carried out by thresing machine Threshing is handled.
After threshing by iblet deliver to drying tower dried to moisture content be less than or equal to 13%, by after drying with reality Apply example 1 and choose all iblets of the identical kind weighed and is weighed quality record is entered table 1, then by the jade of the kind The grain of rice carries out selected, abandons the iblet of shrivelled mouldy morbidity, will be selected after iblet weighed, quality record is entered into table 1.Then seed grading, packaging and storage after will be selected, finally clear up the corn ear fringe heart, arrange and reclaim airing net, pick up and lose The seed of leakage is used as commodity corn.
Embodiment 3
Be placed in after the ripe corn ear peeling of 3rd on September, 20, harvests clear up be more than 5cm impurity, fill and lead up depth or Width be more than 5cm irrigation canals and ditches, surrounding be provided with fence, every mu with 10kg lime disinfections and be equipped with the wide 6-10m of 50m one layer long The drying place of the airing net of black, the per day illumination in drying place be more than 9 hours, 11 DEG C of daily mean temperature, relative humidity It is 1.9% for 2.5%, level of ground water 12m, earth's surface moisture content.The drying place gradient is less than 50 degree simultaneously and surrounding spaciousness is logical Wind is good.By corn ear accumulation, 6 layers are dried.
During corn ear drying, the interregional isolated area for setting up loose 5m is dried in adjacent different cultivars corn, and 1m work roads.Ted once within every 8 days, after drying 20 days, the iblet moisture content in all corn ears is respectively less than or is equal to 18%, which now dries process, terminates, and corn ear then is carried out into threshing processing by thresing machine.
After threshing by iblet deliver to drying tower dried to moisture content be less than or equal to 13%, by after drying with reality Apply example 1 and choose all iblets of the identical kind weighed and is weighed quality record is entered table 1, then by the jade of the kind The grain of rice carries out selected, abandons the iblet of shrivelled mouldy morbidity, will be selected after iblet weighed, quality record is entered into table 1.Then seed grading, packaging and storage after will be selected, finally clear up the corn ear fringe heart, arrange and reclaim airing net, pick up and lose The seed of leakage is used as commodity corn.
Embodiment 4
Be placed in after the ripe corn ear peeling of 4th on September, 17, harvests clear up be more than 5cm impurity, fill and lead up depth or Width be more than 5cm irrigation canals and ditches, surrounding be provided with fence, every mu with 10kg lime disinfections and be equipped with the wide 6-10m of 50m one layer long The drying place of the airing net of black, the per day illumination in drying place is more than 9 hours, 10.7 DEG C of daily mean temperature, relatively wet Degree is that 2.0%, level of ground water 11m, earth's surface moisture content are 2.6%.The drying place gradient is less than 50 degree simultaneously and surrounding is spacious Well-ventilated.By corn ear accumulation, 3 layers are dried.
During corn ear drying, the interregional isolated area for setting up loose 5m is dried in adjacent different cultivars corn, and 1m work roads.Ted once within every 4 days, after drying 17 days, the iblet moisture content in all corn ears is respectively less than or is equal to 18%, which now dries process, terminates, and corn ear then is carried out into threshing processing by thresing machine.
After threshing by iblet deliver to drying tower dried to moisture content be less than or equal to 13%, by after drying with reality Apply example 1 and choose all iblets of the identical kind weighed and is weighed quality record is entered table 1, then by the jade of the kind The grain of rice carries out selected, abandons the iblet of shrivelled mouldy morbidity, will be selected after iblet weighed, quality record is entered into table 1.Then seed grading, packaging and storage after will be selected, finally clear up the corn ear fringe heart, arrange and reclaim airing net, pick up and lose The seed of leakage is used as commodity corn.
Mass ratio before and after 1 each year seed cleaning of table
Time Selected preceding quality (kg) Selected rear quality (kg) Mass ratio (%)
First Year 1226 1210 98.69
Second Year 1869 1794 95.99
3rd year 912 889 97.48
4th year 1010 981.7 97.2
Analyze upper table to understand, when selected front and rear mass ratio is all higher than 95%, remove the corn of apical growth in corn ear This kind of iblet is into shrivelled shape after the completion of not full ripe corn drying may inherently be belonged to, after drying in refining process The corn of shrivelled shape can be then dropped.Illustrate that it is unqualified seed generation rate pole to be dried during whole dry into cooked maize It is small, the probability for certified seed is dried close to 100% into cooked maize, then illustrates the drying side for the corn seed producing that the present invention is provided Corn ear can fully be dried and air-dried by method, and the mouldy morbidity seed of this process is few, the corn seed producing method that the present invention is provided Certified seed yield is high.
Experimental example
Numbering H1, H2, H3, the H4 respectively of each 100 of corn seed obtained by the final cleaning of embodiment 1- embodiments 3 is chosen, and Certain commercially available three brand are carried out with embodiments of the invention same breed corn seed 100 difference labels A1, A2, A3 simultaneously Seed germination, table 2 below is recorded into by germination percentage.
The corn seed bud ratio of table 2
It can be seen that by upper table, the corn seed germination rate obtained by corn seed producing method that the present invention is provided is all higher than 95%, and the commercially available corn seed germination rate that this experimental example is chosen is below 95%.It can then illustrate, the jade that the present invention is provided Percentage of seedgermination made from the method for airing and corn seed producing method of metric system kind is high.And the percentage of seedgermination for repeating four annual earnings is equal More than 95%, illustrating the method for airing and corn seed producing method of corn seed producing provided by the present invention has repeatable good stability The characteristics of.
In summary, the corn seed producing method that provides of the present invention preferably dry condition and enable corn ear because it possesses It is enough to be air-dried in 15-20 days by abundant dry, and preferably dry condition so that the corn seed producing that the present invention is provided due to possessing Method for airing and corn seed producing method it is extremely low in the defect rate that production of hybrid seeds process is produced, and obtained percentage of seedgermination is high.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, for this area For technical staff, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, that is made is any Modification, equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method for airing of corn seed producing, it is characterised in that it includes:By corn ear be placed in per day illumination be more than or It is more than or equal to 10 DEG C equal to 9 hours, daily mean temperature and drying place of the relative humidity less than or equal to 50% dries 15-20 My god, the earth's surface moisture content in the drying place is less than or equal to 3%, and level of ground water is more than or equal to 10m, and mean wind speed is less than Or equal to 3m/s.
2. the method for airing of corn seed producing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that dried in the corn ear When per tedding once within 3-8 days.
3. the method for airing of corn seed producing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that dried in the air by the corn ear Also include carrying out disinfection to the drying place before solarization, every mu is spilt 10kg calcium lime powders.
4. the method for airing of corn seed producing according to claim 1, the corn ear be harvest in good time peel off flavescence The loose of pericarp, seed dehydration are hardened, milk-line disappears, the corn ear of black cap layers occurs in seed base portion.
5. the method for airing of corn seed producing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that dried in the air by the corn ear The airing field ground surface laying airing net is additionally included in before solarization.
6. the method for airing of corn seed producing according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the laying number of plies of the airing net is 2 layers.
7. the method for airing of corn seed producing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the number of plies that the corn ear is stacked Less than 6 layers.
8. the method for airing of corn seed producing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that to drying place dividing regions Domain, is dried for the corn ear of different cultivars, and width 5-6m isolated area is set up between adjacent different cultivars.
9. the method for airing of corn seed producing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that dried in the air by the corn ear Also include clearing up impurity of the particle diameter more than 5cm in the drying place before shining, and the surrounding in the drying place is provided for Stop the fence of impurity.
10. a kind of corn seed producing method, it is characterised in that including drying in the air for the corn seed producing as described in claim any one of 1-9 The corn ear that iblet moisture content is less than or equal to 18% is carried out threshing by solarization method, corn ear after drying, will after threshing Iblet, which is dried to moisture content, is less than or equal to 13%.
CN201710176188.9A 2017-03-23 2017-03-23 The method for airing and corn seed producing method of a kind of corn seed producing Pending CN106941889A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6085443A (en) * 1999-09-03 2000-07-11 Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Apparatus and method for drying relatively small lots of products
CN103518498A (en) * 2013-09-30 2014-01-22 河西学院 Gobi airing method of corn seed production fresh ears

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6085443A (en) * 1999-09-03 2000-07-11 Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Apparatus and method for drying relatively small lots of products
CN103518498A (en) * 2013-09-30 2014-01-22 河西学院 Gobi airing method of corn seed production fresh ears

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
李兴鑫等: "河西走廊中部玉米制种条件分析", 《西北大学学报(自然科学版)》 *
王多成等: "河西走廊制种玉米果穗平面自然晾晒技术规范", 《甘肃农业科技》 *
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