CN106941197A - 单元均衡的蓄电池 - Google Patents

单元均衡的蓄电池 Download PDF

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CN106941197A
CN106941197A CN201710277427.XA CN201710277427A CN106941197A CN 106941197 A CN106941197 A CN 106941197A CN 201710277427 A CN201710277427 A CN 201710277427A CN 106941197 A CN106941197 A CN 106941197A
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battery
unit
battery module
secondary battery
output end
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S·布茨曼
H·芬克
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Robert Bosch GmbH
Samsung SDI Co Ltd
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Samsung SDI Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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    • G01R31/396Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • H01M10/486Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H01M2010/4271Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种蓄电池,具有至少一个蓄电池模块组、传感装置和控制单元。蓄电池模块组包括多个串联连接的蓄电池模块,每个模块包括至少一个蓄电池单元和耦合单元。至少一个蓄电池单元连接在耦合单元的第一输入端和第二输入端之间,耦合单元构造成根据第一控制信号在蓄电池模块的第一端子和蓄电池模块的第二端子之间切换至少一个蓄电池单元,根据第二控制信号把第一端子连接到第二端子。传感装置与每个蓄电池模块的至少一个蓄电池单元可连接。控制单元连接到传感装置,并构造为选择蓄电池模块组的蓄电池模块,所选的蓄电池模块的至少一个蓄电池单元具有蓄电池模块组的所有蓄电池模块中最低的充电状态,并把第二控制信号传送给所选的蓄电池模块的耦合单元。

Description

单元均衡的蓄电池
本申请是2011年2月16日提交的201180019516.5号发明专利申请(名称为“单元均衡的蓄电池”)的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有新型单元均衡的蓄电池。
背景技术
在将来,无论在固定的应用还是在车辆诸如混合动力车辆和电动车辆中,将增加应用蓄电池系统。为了能够满足针对各应用给出的对电压以及所能够提供的功率的要求,串联了较高数量的蓄电池单元。因为由一个这样的蓄电池提供的电流必须流过所有的蓄电池单元,并且一个蓄电池单元仅能够导通受限的电流,因此通常还附加地并联连接蓄电池单元,以便提高最大电流。
图1示出了传统蓄电池10的具体框图。多个蓄电池单元11串联连接以及可选的额外并联连接,以获得各个应用所需的高的输出电压(串联)和蓄电池容量(并联)。在蓄电池单元的正极和一个正蓄电池端子12之间连接了一个负载和分离装置14。可选地在蓄电池单元的负极和一个负蓄电池端子13之间额外连接了一个分离装置15。负载和分离装置14以及分离装置15分别包含保护继电器16或17,设置这些保护继电器用于使蓄电池单元11与蓄电池端子12、13断开,从而使蓄电池端子12、13不带电压。否则,由于串联连接的蓄电池单元11具有很高的直流电压,这对于维护人员或类似人员存在很大的潜在风险。在负载和分离装置14内还额外设置了一个负载保护继电器18,其具有与负载保护继电器18串联连接的负载电阻19。当蓄电池连接到直流中间电路时,负载电阻19为连接到传统蓄电池供电的驱动系统的直流中间电路的缓冲电容器限制充电电流。为此首先,断开保护继电器16,仅有负载保护继电器18闭合,由此负载电阻19所限制的电流最大能够达到蓄电池电压除以负载电阻19的电流。如果在正蓄电池端子12上的电压至少近似达到蓄电池电压,保护继电器16闭合并且必要时断开负载保护继电器18。保护继电器16、17和负载保护继电器18增加的蓄电池成本不少,这是因为对其可靠性和对由其导通的电流提出了高的要求。
大量蓄电池单元的串联连接除了总电压高之外,还带来了这样的问题,即如果一个蓄电池单元故障,则整个蓄电池故障,因为由于串联连接,蓄电池电流必须流过所有的蓄电池单元。这样的蓄电池故障能够导致整个系统的故障。在电动车辆中,驱动蓄电池的故障能够导致所谓的趴窝(Liegenbleiber),在另外的诸如风力发电装置的转动叶片调节装置中,在强风情况下,这能够导致安全危险情况。因此蓄电池的可靠性高是有利的。根据定义,概念“可靠性”是指系统正确地工作预先给定的时间的能力。
广泛使用的增加蓄电池寿命的方法被称作所谓的单元均衡。该方法的原理是尽可能均匀地为蓄电池的所有蓄电池单元加载,由此单个蓄电池单元不会过早放电而因此整个蓄电池故障,尽管在其他蓄电池单元内仍有足够可用的电能。此外过早放电的蓄电池单元对于安全操作还存在严重的风险,因为已放电的蓄电池单元相对于其余的蓄电池单元表现为一个负载,由于持续流经电流,该蓄电池单元会变得非常热。尽管蓄电池单元已经被放电,这个蓄电池继续工作会存在损坏蓄电池单元并继而整个蓄电池遭到永久损坏的风险。因此在现有技术中必须发现不同的单元均衡的方法,这些方法找到具有较高单元电压的蓄电池单元,并与其他蓄电池单元相比较有目的地放电(电阻性单元均衡)。由于在电阻性单元均衡中,通过单元均衡而得到电能受到损失,所以引入电感性单元均衡方法,在该方法中将从一个待放电蓄电池单元产生的电能提供给另一个蓄电池单元。但是,即使如此仍会产生电功率的损失,再者这在使用线圈的电路中一定会产生很高且庞大的连接技术成本。
发明内容
因此本发明提出了一种蓄电池,具有至少一个蓄电池模块组,确定蓄电池单元的充电状态的传感装置以及控制单元。蓄电池模块组包括多个串联连接的蓄电池模块,其中每个模块具有至少一个蓄电池单元和一个耦合单元。至少一个蓄电池单元设置在所述耦合单元的第一输入端和第二输入端之间,所述耦合单元被构造成根据第一控制信号在所述蓄电池模块的第一端子和所述蓄电池模块的第二端子之间切换所述至少一个蓄电池单元,并且根据第二控制信号把所述第一端子连接到所述第二端子。所述传感装置与每个蓄电池模块的所述至少一个蓄电池单元是可连接的。所述控制单元连接到所述传感装置,并且被构造为选择蓄电池模块,其中所选择的蓄电池模块的至少一个蓄电池单元具有在所有蓄电池模块中的最低充电状态,并把所述第二控制信号输出至蓄电池模块组的所选择蓄电池模块的耦合单元。如果设计不止一个蓄电池模块组,则分别对每个蓄电池模块组进行蓄电池模块的选择。
所述耦合单元实现了将蓄电池模块的在耦合单元的第一和第二输入端之间连接的一个或多个蓄电池单元,耦合到耦合单元的输出端,从而使得外部可以使用蓄电池单元的电压,或者桥接蓄电池单元,从而从外部可以看到0V的电压。在前一种情况下,蓄电池单元参与通过蓄电池提供电能,但在第二种情况下不参与。
因此蓄电池具有的优点是,可以仅通过在时间上将蓄电池的实际负荷分摊给工作中的蓄电池单元以实现单元均衡。具有一个或多个具有相比于其他蓄电池模块的蓄电池单元更高充电状态的蓄电池单元的蓄电池模块相比于具有较低充电状态的蓄电池模块的蓄电池单元时间更长地参与电能的提供,直到实现均衡。因此从较高充电状态的蓄电池单元所获得的电能被直接用于蓄电池的基本用途,不像电阻性单元均衡一样产生电能浪费,也不像具有高成本的电感性单元均衡,在把电能传输给另一个蓄电池单元时仍会有损失。
本发明所述的单元均衡可以在极端情况下用于独立的蓄电池单元,亦即当耦合单元也仅有一个蓄电池单元时。但是作为电路技术上有意义的让步考虑可以使连接到耦合单元的蓄电池单元组也可以一起实现单元均衡。
尽管通过断开蓄电池模块来降低蓄电池的输出电压,但较低的输出电压在常规应用中不会导致整个设备的故障,因此是可以接受的。
所述耦合单元可以具有第一输出端,并且构造为根据第一控制信号连接第一输入端或第二输入端到该输出端。在此,该输出端连接到蓄电池模块的端子之一,第一或第二输出端之一连接到蓄电池模块的另一个端子。这类耦合单元可以仅通过两个开关来实现,优选半导体开关例如MOSFET或IGBT。
可替换的是,耦合单元可以具有第一输出端和第二输出端,并且构造为根据第一控制信号将第一输入端连接到第一输出端且将第二输入端连接到第二输出端。此时,该耦合单元还可以构造为根据第二控制信号将第一输入端从第一输出端断开,将第二输入端从第二输出端断开,并且将第一输出端连接到第二输出端。此实施例需要更多的电路花费(通常是三个开关),但把蓄电池模块的蓄电池单元在其两个极处分离,由此当蓄电池模块存在深度放电或损坏风险时,其蓄电池单元可以被无电压地连接并且因此在整个设备的持续操作期间可以被安全地替换。
所述传感装置可以包含电压测量单元,其构造为确定蓄电池单元的单元电压或蓄电池模块的电压。蓄电池单元的单元电压或蓄电池模块的电压是在确定蓄电池单元或蓄电池模块充电状态时最重要的参数。当获取以及分析单元电压或蓄电池模块的电压随时间变化时,可以获得非常精确的结论。
另外,所述传感装置可以包含温度测量单元,其构造为确定蓄电池单元的单元温度或者蓄电池模块的温度。蓄电池单元的单元电压和容量都依赖于温度,因此额外地获取蓄电池单元或蓄电池模块的温度实现了更精确地确定充电状态。
所述传感装置还可以包含电流测量单元,其构造确定至少一个蓄电池模块组的电流。在较高负荷下,在相同充电状态下的蓄电池单元的单元电压或者蓄电池模块的电压要低于低负荷时的电压。因此如果额外地确定蓄电池模块组的电流,那么能够更精确地并且在改变负荷的情况下确定充电状态。
尤其优选的是,所述蓄电池精确地包含三个蓄电池模块组。这使得蓄电池能够用于三相驱动电机的驱动。
至少一个蓄电池单元优选是锂离子蓄电池单元。锂离子蓄电池单元的优点是高单元电压以及在给定体积下的高容量。
本发明的第二方面涉及一种机动车,其具有用于驱动机动车的电的驱动电机以及连接到所述电的驱动电机的、根据上述本发明第一方面的蓄电池。
附图说明
下面基于附图和随后的说明书进一步解释本发明的实施例,其中相同的附图标记表示相同或同样功能的元件。其中:
图1示出了现有技术中蓄电池的框图,
图2示出了用在依据本发明的蓄电池中的耦合单元的第一实施例,
图3示出了耦合单元的第一实施方式的可能的电路技术改型,
图4A和4B示出了具有耦合单元的第一实施方式的蓄电池模块的两种实施方式,
图5示出了用在依据本发明的蓄电池中的耦合单元的第二实施方式,
图6示出了耦合单元的第二实施方式的可能的电路技术改型,
图7示出了具有耦合单元的第二实施方式的蓄电池模块的一种实施方式,以及
图8示出了依据本发明的蓄电池的一个实施方式。
具体实施方式
图2示出了用在依据本发明的蓄电池中的耦合单元20的第一实施例。所述耦合单元20具有两个输入端21和22以及一个输出端23,并且构造为将输入端21或22之一连接到输出端23,并且将其中另一个输入端与其分离。在耦合单元的特定实施方式中,它也能够被构造为将两个输入端21、22都与输出端23断开。但是没有设计成输入端21和输入端22都与输出端23连接,这会导致两个输入端21、22之间的短路。
图3示出了耦合单元20的第一实施例的可行的电路技术改型,其中设计了第一开关25以及第二开关26。开关中的每个分别连接在输入端21和22中之一和输出端23之间。本实施方式的优点是两个输入端21、22也能够与输出端23分离,由此输出端23是高阻抗,例如在维修或维护时能够是很有用的。而且,开关25、26能够是简单的半导体开关,例如MOSFET或者IGBT。半导体开关的优点是低价格和高开关速度,由此耦合单元30能够在很短时间内对控制信号或者控制信号的变化做出反应,从而可以实现高速切换。
图4A和4B示出了具有耦合单元20的第一实施方式的蓄电池模块30的两种实施方式。多个蓄电池单元11串联连接在耦合单元20的输入端之间。但是本发明不局限于蓄电池单元11的这种串联形式,也可能仅设计一个蓄电池单元11或者蓄电池单元11的并联或混合串并联连接。在图4A的实施例中,耦合单元20的输出端连接到第一端子31,并且蓄电池单元11的负极连接到第二端子32。但是也可以是如图4B所示的接近于镜像结构,其中蓄电池单元11的正极连接到第一端子31,而耦合单元20的输出端连接到第二端子32。
图5示出了用在依据本发明的蓄电池中的耦合单元40的第二实施例。所述耦合单元40具有两个输入端41和42以及两个输出端43和44。耦合单元构造成第一输入端41连接到第一输出端43并且第二输入端42连接到第二输出端44(并且第一输出端与第二输出端44分离)或者第一输出端43连接到第二输出端44(并且此时输入端41和42分离)。在耦合单元的特定实施例中,耦合单元还可以如下构造,两个输入端41、42与输出端43、44断开,并且第一输出端43与第二输出端44分离。但是,同样不设计成把第一输入端41连接到第二输入端42。
图6示出了耦合单元40的第二实施形式的可能的电路技术改型,其中设计了第一开关45、第二开关46和第三开关47。第一开关45连接在第一输入端41和第一输出端43之间,第二开关46连接在第二输入端42和第二输出端44之间,第三开关47连接在第一输出端43和第二输出端44之间。本实施方式同样具有的优点是开关45、46和47能够实现为简单的半导体开关例如MOSFET或IGBT。半导体开关的优点是低价格和高开关速度,由此耦合单元40能够在很短时间内对控制信号或者控制信号的变化做出反应,从而可以实现高速切换。
图7示出了具有耦合单元40的第二实施方式的蓄电池模块50的一种实施方式。多个蓄电池单元11串联连接在耦合单元40的输入端之间。在本实施例中,蓄电池模块50的该实施方式不局限于蓄电池11的这样的串联电路形式,也可能仅设计一个蓄电池单元11或者蓄电池单元11的并联或混合串并联连接。耦合单元40的第一输出端连接到第一端子51,并且耦合单元40的第二输出端连接到第二端子52。与图4A和4B所示的蓄电池模块30相比,蓄电池模块50的优点在于蓄电池单元11的能够通过耦合单元40与蓄电池的其余部分两端均断开,这能够在连续的运行中实现无风险的切换,因为蓄电池的其余蓄电池模块的有风险的高电压没有位于蓄电池单元11的任一极上。
图8示出了依据本发明的蓄电池的一种实施方式,该蓄电池具有n个蓄电池模块组60-1到60-n。蓄电池模块组60-1到60-n中的每个具有多个蓄电池模块30或50,其中优选蓄电池模块组60-1到60-n中的每个具有相同数量的蓄电池模块30或50,并且蓄电池模块30、50中的每个具有相同数量的以相同方式互连的蓄电池单元11。蓄电池模块组60中的每个的一个极能够连接到另一个蓄电池模块组60的相应的极,如图8的虚线所示。通常,蓄电池模块组60能够包含大于1的任意数量的蓄电池模块30或50,并且蓄电池能够包含任意数量的蓄电池模块组60。如果安全规定有此需要,则也能够如图1所示在蓄电池模块组60的极上设计额外的负载和分离装置以及分离装置。然而根据本发明,这类分离装置并不是必需的,因为蓄电池单元11能够通过蓄电池模块30、50内包含的耦合单元20、40与蓄电池连接端分离。
如前所述,依据本发明的蓄电池允许单元均衡,其中具有相对较高的充电状态的蓄电池模块的蓄电池单元比具有相对较低的充电状态的蓄电池模块的蓄电池单元用于提供电能的时间更长。因此与普通的单元均衡会存在损失或者复杂并且重新分配存在损耗相比,由此蓄电池内存储的所有电能实际上均被用于蓄电池运行的应用。
依据本发明的蓄电池的另一个优点在于该蓄电池能够非常简单地、由具有集成耦合单元的独立蓄电池模块模块化地构造。因此能够使用相同的部件(模块化设计原理)。

Claims (7)

1.一种蓄电池,具有至少一个蓄电池模块组(60)、用于确定蓄电池单元(11)充电状态的传感装置以及控制单元,
其中所述至少一个蓄电池模块组(60)包括多个串联连接的蓄电池模块(50),
其中每个蓄电池模块(50)包括至少一个蓄电池单元(11)和一个耦合单元(40),
其中所述至少一个蓄电池单元(11)设置在所述耦合单元(40)的第一输入端(41)和第二输入端(42)之间,并且所述耦合单元(40)构造成:
还具有连接到所述蓄电池模块(50)的第一端子(51)的第一输出端(43)和连接到所述蓄电池模块(50)的第二端子(52)的第二输出端(44);
根据第一控制信号将所述第一输入端(41)连接到所述第一输出端(43),将所述第二输入端(42)连接到所述第二输出端(44),并且将所述第一输出端(43)和所述第二输出端(44)断开;
根据第二控制信号将所述第一输入端(41)与所述第一输出端(43)断开并且将所述第二输入端(42)与所述第二输出端(44)断开,并且将所述第一输出端(43)连接到所述第二输出端(44);
根据所述第一控制信号,将所述至少一个蓄电池单元(11)连接到所述蓄电池模块(50)的所述第一端子(51)与所述蓄电池模块(50)的第二端子(52)之间;并且
根据所述第二控制信号将所述第一端子(51)连接到所述第二端子(52),并且将所述至少一个蓄电池单元(11)从所述蓄电池模块(50)的所述第一端子(51)和所述蓄电池模块(50)的第二端子(52)断开;
其中所述传感装置与每个蓄电池模块(50)的所述至少一个蓄电池单元(11)是可连接的,以及
其中所述控制单元连接到所述传感装置,并且构造为选择蓄电池模块(50),而所选择的蓄电池模块(50)的至少一个蓄电池单元(11)具有蓄电池模块组(60)的所有蓄电池模块(50)中最低的充电状态,并把所述第二控制信号输出至所选择的蓄电池模块(50)的耦合单元(40)。
2.如权利要求1所述的蓄电池,其中所述传感装置包括电压测量单元,所述电压测量单元构造为确定蓄电池单元(11)的单元电压或者蓄电池模块(50)的电压。
3.如权利要求2所述的蓄电池,其中所述传感装置还包括温度测量单元,所述温度测量单元构造为确定蓄电池单元(11)的单元温度或者蓄电池模块(50)的温度。
4.如权利要求2所述的蓄电池,其中所述传感装置还包括电流测量单元,所述电流测量单元构造为确定所述至少一个蓄电池模块组(60)的电流。
5.如权利要求1所述的蓄电池,其精确地具有三个蓄电池模块组(60)。
6.如权利要求1所述的蓄电池,其中所述至少一个蓄电池单元(11)是锂离子蓄电池单元。
7.一种机动车,具有用于驱动所述机动车的电的驱动电机以及连接到所述电的驱动电机的根据前述任一权利要求所述的蓄电池。
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