CN106937217B - 具有空气吸附剂的微型扬声器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有空气吸附剂的微型扬声器,其用于小型电子设备中,更具体地,涉及具有应用于其的箱体并且具有可以提高低频声音质量的空气吸附剂的微型扬声器。根据本发明,有可能提供一种展现了低频特性的优秀改进的微型扬声器,而不管空气吸附剂的硅与铝的质量比,并且还有可能提供一种与具有空气吸附剂的常规微型扬声器相比,通过减小硅与铝的质量比而以低成本展现出低频特性的优秀改进的微型扬声器。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于小型电子设备中的微型扬声器,更具体地,涉及具有应用于其的箱体并且具有可以提高低频声音质量的空气吸附剂的微型扬声器。
背景技术
扬声器根据弗林明(Fleming)左手定则、使用存在于气隙中的音圈将电能转换成机械能以产生声音。最近,随着需要小型内部扬声器的小型电子设备如智能电话的广泛传播,对于小且细长的微型扬声器的需求逐渐增加。
由于微型扬声器在尺寸、形状、声发射孔的位置等方面被限制,所以已经考虑了用于在有限的空间中获取高声音质量的结构。特别地,箱体式微型扬声器模块具有以下优点:微型扬声器设置在充当共振空间的箱体外壳中,该箱体外壳安装在电子设备中,并且由微型扬声器产生的声音在箱体外壳中被共振并且从箱体外壳发射,这从而可以减小声音干扰并且提高声音质量和声音音量。特别地,扬声器的共振空间在低频特性中是关键因素,并且共振空间越大,则可以越容易地再现低频声音,并且可再现的频率范围可以增加得越多。
最近,具有空气吸附剂的微型扬声器开始被开发以进一步增强这样的低频特性。沸石或活性炭被放置在箱体中以通过使用空气分子的吸附和解吸附来限定真实后腔(backvolume)即共振空间。欧洲专利2424270、美国专利公开2015-0358721和美国专利8687836公开了使用沸石来增强低频声音特性的扬声器。
然而,具有沸石的常规微型扬声器已经采用了硅与铝的质量比较高的昂贵材料来实现诸如提高低频声音质量等目标。通常,硅与铝的质量比越高,则疏水性沸石越多,所以仅硅与铝的质量比已经被认为是沸石的主要性能指标。这是因为疏水性空气吸附剂较少吸附水分子,并且因此更多地吸附空气分子。尽管如此,增大硅与铝的质量比,将显著增加处理成本和单元成本,因此尽管具有空气吸附剂的微型扬声器具有优越的性能,其仍未被广泛传播。
发明内容
已经做出了本发明以解决现有技术中的前述问题。本发明的目的是提供一种展现出低频特性的优秀改进的微型扬声器,而不管空气吸附剂的硅与铝的质量比。
此外,本发明的另一目的是提供一种以低单位生产成本展现出低频特性的优秀改进的微型扬声器。
根据用于实现前述目的的本发明的一方面,提供了一种微型扬声器,其包括:箱体;容纳在箱体中的扬声器单元;限定在箱体与扬声器单元之间的共振空间;以及设置在共振空间中的空气吸附剂,其中,空气吸附剂是具有至少35%的尺寸为0.4nm至0.6nm的孔道(channel)的沸石。
在一些实施例中,至少一些沸石具有选自FER、MFI、MEL、TON和MFS的架构。
在一些实施例中,沸石具有至少400m2/g的比表面积BET。
在一些实施例中,提供了具有0.2mm至0.5mm的颗粒尺寸的小颗粒形式的沸石。
在一些实施例中,沸石的内部微孔具有每单位质量0.25cm3/g至0.35cm3/g的体积。
在一些实施例中,空气吸附剂布置在共振空间的特定部分中。
在一些实施例中,两个或更多个空气吸附剂布置部分设置在扬声器单元周围。
在一些实施例中,空气吸附剂布置部分以不连续的方式围绕扬声器单元。
根据本发明,有可能提供一种展现出低频特性的优秀改进的微型扬声器,而不管空气吸附剂的硅与铝的质量比。
此外,有可能提供一种与具有空气吸附剂的常规微型扬声器相比,通过减小硅与铝的质量比而以低成本展现出低频特性的优秀改进的微型扬声器。
附图说明
根据结合附图给出的优选实施例的以下描述,本发明的以上和其它目的、特征和优点将变得明显,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的实施例的具有空气吸附剂的微型扬声器10的示意性剖面图;
图2是根据本发明的实施例的具有空气吸附剂的微型扬声器10的示意性顶视图;
图3是示出基于频率的声压级变化的曲线图,所述频率是在应用具有不同空气孔道分布比的沸石作为空气吸附剂之后测量的。
图4是示出基于频率的声压级变化的曲线图,所述频率是在应用具有不同比表面积的沸石作为空气吸附剂之后测量的。
图5是示出基于频率的声压级变化的曲线图,所述频率是在应用具有不同颗粒尺寸的沸石作为空气吸附剂之后测量的。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将参照附图来详细描述根据本发明的具有空气吸附剂的微型扬声器的优选实施例。在描述中,在能够容易地识别附图中的等效结构或相同构造的情况下,为了附图的可读性,可以省略一些附图标记。
图1是根据本发明的实施例的具有空气吸附剂的微型扬声器10的示意性截面图。微型扬声器10可以包括扬声器单元100、箱体200和空气吸附剂,所述空气吸附剂可以位于限定在扬声器单元100与箱体200之间的共振空间R中。扬声器单元100被容纳在箱体200中以使扬声器单元100免于外界的影响。用于接收电信号并产生声音的扬声器单元100可以包括例如振膜(diaphragm)、音圈和磁体。
箱体200可以容纳扬声器单元100,并且还包括共振空间R,在共振空间R中由扬声器单元100产生的声音能够共振。箱体200可以在其一侧处具有声发射孔210。布置有空气吸附剂的空气吸附剂布置部分300可以作为单独的空间而限定在共振空间R中。
图2是根据本发明的实施例的具有空气吸附剂的微型扬声器10的示意性顶视图。图2示意性地示出了扬声器单元100和布置在共振空间R中的空气吸附剂布置部分300。虽然可以在扬声器单元100周围设置两个或更多个空气吸附剂布置部分300,但是图2中示出了三个空气吸附剂布置部分300。可以取决于在何处安装微型扬声器10而将箱体200形成为比矩形更复杂的形状,这可能会限制空气吸附剂布置部分300。因此,优选地,空气吸附剂布置部分300应该尤其以不连续的方式来围绕扬声器单元100。
例如,作为铝硅酸盐矿物的沸石可以布置在空气吸附剂布置部分300中。市场上可买到的沸石主要是人工合成的,并且通常被制成小颗粒的形式以便于使用。沸石具有形成在其中的微孔,并且展现了根据微孔的孔道尺寸的选择性分子吸附特性。沸石根据其组分和结构被划分为各种不同的类型,并且因此微孔的孔道尺寸或孔道尺寸构成比可以变化。
空气由氮气(N2)、氧气(O2)和水蒸气(H2O)组成,并且干空气几乎恒定地包括78%的氮气和21%的氧气。当空气吸附剂可以吸附足够量的空气即氮气和氧气时,可以顺利地创建可以由具有空气吸附剂的微型扬声器创建的真实后腔,所以沸石的微孔的孔道尺寸需要大于空气分子的尺寸。已知氮气分子的尺寸约为0.4nm,并且氧气分子的尺寸略微更小。当孔道尺寸大于氮气分子的尺寸和氧气分子的尺寸时,沸石可以顺利地吸附这样的分子。然而,由于沸石根据其结构即架构而具有独特的微孔尺寸分布,因此必须优化何种尺寸分布会导致微型扬声器的低频声音质量的显著的性能提高。
图3是示出基于频率(Hz)的声压级(dB)变化的曲线图,所述频率是在应用尺寸为0.4nm至0.6nm的孔道具有不同分布比的沸石作为图1的微型扬声器10的空气吸附剂之后测量的。从曲线图中可以看出,与未应用空气吸附剂相比,因空气孔道分布比达到40%,低频声压级已经显著提高。为了一定富余(margin),优选地,具有至少35%的空气孔道的沸石可以有效地用作空气吸附剂。满足这样的限制的沸石的架构包括至少FER、MFI、MEL、TON和MFS(沸石结构的数据库,普林斯顿大学,http://helios.princeton.edu/zeomics/cgi-bin/ list_structures.pl)。
图4是示出基于频率(Hz)的声压级(dB)变化的曲线图,所述频率是在应用具有(使用BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)方程测量的)不同比表面积的沸石作为图1的微型扬声器10的空气吸附剂之后测量的。由于吸附发生在空气吸附剂的表面上,因此空气吸附剂的比表面积越大,则吸附效率越高。因此,微型扬声器10采用的空气吸附剂的比表面积越大,则低频声音质量提高得越多。从曲线图中可以看出,具有至少400m2/g的BET比表面积的沸石显著提高了低频声音质量。具有每单位质量0.25cm3/g至0.35cm3/g体积的沸石的微孔保障了充分的空气分子吸附能力。
如上所述,沸石被制成小颗粒的形式以便于使用。具体地,当应用沸石作为微型扬声器的空气吸附剂时,如果以粉末的形式来使用沸石而没有二次成形,或者沸石被细分类为过小的颗粒,则空气吸附剂可能会进入并且污染微型扬声器10的其他部件。此外,明显的是,空气吸附剂的该流出物会导致真实后腔的减小。然而,另一方面,二次成形对空气吸附剂的空气分子吸附能力可能具有有害的影响。这是因为小颗粒的颗粒尺寸增加得越多,则每单位质量的表面面积越多,即颗粒本身的比表面积减小。
图5是示出基于频率(Hz)的声压级(dB)变化的曲线图,所述频率是在应用具有不同颗粒尺寸的沸石(二次成形为小颗粒)作为图1的微型扬声器10的空气吸附剂之后测量的。也就是说,相同类型的沸石被分别二次成形为不同的颗粒尺寸,并且在低频声音质量的提高方面与未应用空气吸附剂(空(Empty))进行比较。具有0.21mm至0.42mm的颗粒尺寸的沸石组、具有0.21mm至0.5mm的颗粒尺寸的沸石组以及具有0.42mm至0.6mm的颗粒尺寸的沸石组示出了几乎相同的低频声压级的提高。此外,虽然示出了几乎相同的数值,但是与具有0.42mm至0.6mm的颗粒尺寸的沸石组相比,具有0.21mm至0.42mm的颗粒尺寸的沸石组和具有0.21mm至0.5mm的颗粒尺寸的沸石组的低频声音质量提高得略多。因此,为了便于使用,最优选的是采用具有0.2mm至0.5mm的颗粒尺寸的沸石或沸石组,其具有不太小的颗粒尺寸并且表现出了令人满意的低频声音质量的提高。
如实验的以上描述所显现的,有可能仅仅通过基于不同的孔特性而不是基于如现有技术中的质量比而选择沸石来显著提高低频声音质量。此外,明显的是,以上描述旨在辅助更好地理解本发明的实施例,并且本发明的范围不限于其任何特定的实施例。
Claims (8)
1.一种微型扬声器,包括:箱体;容纳在所述箱体中的扬声器单元;限定在所述箱体与所述扬声器单元之间的共振空间;以及设置在所述共振空间中的空气吸附剂,
其中,所述空气吸附剂是具有至少40%的直径尺寸为0.4nm至0.6nm的孔道的沸石。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微型扬声器,其中,沸石中的至少一些沸石具有选自FER、MFI、MEL、TON和MFS的架构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的微型扬声器,其中,沸石具有至少400m2/g的使用BET测量的比表面积。
4.根据权利要求1所述的微型扬声器,其中,以具有0.2mm至0.5mm的颗粒尺寸的小颗粒形式提供沸石。
5.根据权利要求1所述的微型扬声器,其中,沸石具有0.25cm3/g至0.35cm3/g的每单位质量的内部微孔体积。
6.根据权利要求1所述的微型扬声器,其中,所述空气吸附剂布置在所述共振空间的特定部分中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的微型扬声器,其中,两个或更多个空气吸附剂布置部分设置在所述箱体中所述扬声器单元周围。
8.根据权利要求6所述的微型扬声器,其中,所述空气吸附剂布置部分在所述箱体中以不连续的方式围绕所述扬声器单元。
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CN109660924B (zh) * | 2018-11-29 | 2021-05-18 | 歌尔股份有限公司 | 活性炭吸音颗粒和发声装置 |
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