CN1069318A - 燃烧室-涡轮装置与压缩机的组合系统及方法 - Google Patents

燃烧室-涡轮装置与压缩机的组合系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1069318A
CN1069318A CN92104380A CN92104380A CN1069318A CN 1069318 A CN1069318 A CN 1069318A CN 92104380 A CN92104380 A CN 92104380A CN 92104380 A CN92104380 A CN 92104380A CN 1069318 A CN1069318 A CN 1069318A
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Prior art keywords
firing chamber
gearwheel
turbine device
compressor
air
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CN92104380A
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J·B·伍尔夫
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Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corp
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Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corp
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Publication of CN1069318A publication Critical patent/CN1069318A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
    • F02C3/107—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor with two or more rotors connected by power transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/02—Plural gas-turbine plants having a common power output
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/06—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output providing compressed gas
    • F02C6/08—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output providing compressed gas the gas being bled from the gas-turbine compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/08—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
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    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
    • F02C7/143—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
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    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/36—Power transmission arrangements between the different shafts of the gas turbine plant, or between the gas-turbine plant and the power user
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
    • F04D25/163—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows driven by a common gearing arrangement
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
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    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/0403—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
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    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04121—Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
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    • F25J3/04127—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04575—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
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    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04593—The air gas consuming unit is also fed by an air stream
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Abstract

一种为加工厂提供压缩空气的方法及系统。本 发明使用一台燃烧室-涡轮装置直接与一个啮合有 小齿轮的大齿轮相连接，该小齿轮驱动中冷多级压缩 机的每一级，为加工厂生产及燃烧室-涡轮装置的燃 烧提供压缩空气。

Description

本发明为一种将燃烧室-涡轮装置与多级中冷压缩机相组合，为加工厂及燃烧室-涡轮装置提供压缩空气的系统及方法。
加工厂的压缩机通常由接收集中供电系统供电的一台电动机驱动，或是由接收燃气轮机或其它发动机驱动的发电机所发出的电力的电动机驱动，或者是直接由燃气轮机驱动。其设备及运行成本作为最主要的理由，要求避免使用电动机，而用燃气轮机驱动压缩机。然而，燃气轮机的工作转速不能与压缩机的工作转速相匹配。为了使速度匹配就需要增加一个齿轮系统，从而增加了成本和功率损失。
加工厂的压缩机通常是径流式压缩机，它具有一个直径很大的大齿轮，其上面啮合有一端装有压缩叶轮的小齿轮。多个位于各自壳体内部的叶轮，根据需要提供多个压缩级。大齿轮及与之相啮合的小齿轮，均安装在一个共同的壳体中。因此，这种压缩机也就是公知的组合齿轮压缩机。小齿轮可以有不同的直径，以使其驱动的压缩叶轮达到所需的最佳匹配速度。在任意两级之间的压缩空气被导入一中冷器进行冷却，以便得到更有效的压缩过程。这种压缩机并不昂贵但很笨重，需要占更大的空间并且要为中冷器提供冷却液。所有这些情况均要被加工厂，如低温空气分离厂所接受，该厂需要以最低的成本为之提供连续的大流量压缩空气。
最好是由一台燃气轮机驱动组合齿轮压缩机，燃气轮机的输出轴与同压缩机的大齿轮相啮合的小齿轮相连。从而避免了附加齿轮系的成本和功率损失。然而，本发明仍可以对此做出更多的改进。
典型的固定式燃气轮机是从要求重量轻，紧凑，正面面积小的航空燃气轮机派生出的。因而，典型的燃气轮机具有不进行中冷的轴流压缩级，以便满足上述要求。在轴向空间靠得很近的级间排出压缩空气，将其冷却、排出妨碍轴流压缩机中冷的被冷却的空气，在机械上是很困难的，因而就排除了在轴流压缩机中进行中冷的可能。燃气轮机中的压缩机的级，被装置在一个包括有其它元件的壳体中。
由于燃气轮机中的轴流压缩机的体积小，而且无法实现中冷，因而其效率比有中冷的加工厂压缩机要低。例如在有四个压缩级的压缩机中进行中冷，其整个压缩比可以达到7.9，比不中冷的减少了所需压缩功率的20%。而在一台燃气轮机中，每从输出轴输出一单位功率，涡轮机必须产生两个单位的功率驱动压缩机。因而，在燃气轮机中，20%的压缩效率的增加，会导致在燃料成本不变的情况下，得到40%的输出功率的增加。因此，最大的效率改善，是通过为燃气轮机所需的、来自压缩机的压缩空气实现中冷而实现的。
不带组合压缩机的燃气轮机主要包括，一个燃烧室和一台涡轮机，可称为燃烧室-涡轮装置。现有的各种燃气轮机可以通过去除压缩机的叶片而制成燃烧室-涡轮装置，从而节省制造费用。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种更有效地向加工厂如一个低温空气分离厂，提供压缩空气的系统和方法。
本发明的另一个目的是使一台燃烧室-涡轮装置，直接连接并驱动一台组合齿轮、中冷多级压缩机的大齿轮，为加工厂和燃烧室-涡轮装置本身提供压缩空气。
本发明提供了一种向加工厂供给压缩空气的改进的方法及系统。本发明使用了一种直接与啮合有小齿轮的大齿轮相连接的燃烧室-涡轮装置，该小齿轮驱动中冷多级压缩机的每级，为加工厂的运行及燃烧室及燃烧室-涡轮装置本身的燃烧提供压缩空气。随着初期成本及装置复杂性的一些增加，通过回热和再热还会得到更大的效率及燃料经济性的改善，即在压缩空气进入到燃烧室之前，通过将压缩空气逆着涡轮机排出的废气流动方向进行预热，并在第一级膨胀之后，使燃气在第二膨胀级之前燃烧附加的燃料，以便对涡轮机燃气进行再热。
图1为本发明的一个系统的平面简图;
图2为沿图1中所示的2-2线的纵剖面图;
图3为图1所示系统工作过程的温熵图;
图4为本发明另一实施例的简图;
图5为本发明一实施例的简图;
图6为一种适用于在加工厂中安装有由电动-发电机驱动的现有压缩机的，本发明实施例简图;
图7为本发明的一个既可用电力驱动，又可用燃烧室-涡轮装置驱动的实施例的简图，这种方案适用于低危险的初级设备;
图8为适用于分别驱动空气压缩机、再循环压缩机、产品压缩机及发电-电动机装置的组合式多级燃烧室-涡轮装置的，本发明一实施例的简图。
如图1和图2所示，根据本发明所述的系统实施例包括，一台燃烧室-涡轮装置10，该装置与一组合齿轮气体压缩机22组合成一体。该燃烧室-涡轮装置包括一个燃烧室14，一个第一级涡轮16，一个再热器18，一个第二级涡轮20，一个废气收集器22，一根输出轴24和一个回热交换器26。进入到燃烧室14中的是燃料流28，它既可以是液体也可以是气体。进入到再热器18中的是第二燃料流30。压缩空气流32从组合齿轮压缩机进入到回热交换器26中，在此由从收集器逆向流动的废气气流34进行预热。预热后的压缩空气流36，然后进入到燃烧室14中。
燃烧室-涡轮输出轴24通过联轴器37连接在第一小齿轮38的一端，该小齿轮与压缩机12的组合大齿轮40相啮合。通常，大齿轮即是齿轮系中的主齿轮，一般是最大和最结实的，而小齿轮即是小于大齿轮的齿轮。小齿轮38的大小应使大齿轮40能以适当的速度转动。大齿轮轴41与一电动机42相连，用于起动燃烧室-涡轮装置10。在燃烧室-涡轮装置10和压缩机12正常运行期间，电动机42可以作为一台发电机运转，为加工厂的其它部分提供电能。
与大齿轮40相啮合的还有一个第二小齿轮44，其上安装有位于壳体48内部的第一径向叶轮46，和位于壳体52内部的第二径向叶轮50。每个壳体中的叶轮构成一个压缩级。来自第一级的压缩空气，在进入到第二级之前通过一个中冷器54。与大齿轮40相啮合的还有一第三小齿轮56，其上安装有位于壳体60内部的第三径向叶轮58，它提供第三级压缩。
来自第二级的压缩空气在进入到第三级之前，通过一个第二中冷器62。而第一小齿轮38上还安装有位于壳体66中的第四径向叶轮64，它提供第四级压缩。来自第三级的压缩空气在进入到第四级之前，通过一个中冷器68。来自第四级的压缩空气流32，流向回热交换器26进行预热。
如图1所示，从第三压缩级中引出一股压缩空气流70，并直接将其输送到加工厂。加工厂的空气和燃烧室的空气，也可以根据需要从任意一个组合级中引出。与大齿轮相啮合的两个小齿轮最好设置在齿轮箱的分离线上，这样两个小齿轮最容易调节，该线位于齿轮箱72的水平中心线上。第三小齿轮可设置在位于大齿轮40的正上方齿轮箱的另一条水平分离线76处。
如果起动燃烧室-涡轮装置和与它相连接的压缩机，就必须通过其它手段使该系统旋转到一定的速度，一般是燃烧室-涡轮装置正常工作转速的20%。如图1所示，电动机42连接到大齿轮轴41上，用于起动该燃烧室-涡轮装置10。在稳定运行期间，电动机42可以作为一台发电机使用。而起动器可以通过同样的齿轮装置，与同大齿轮相啮合的小齿轮相连接（装置中未示出）。
燃烧室-涡轮装置与组合齿轮压缩机的组合，可以在压缩机的齿轮箱中产生所需要的速度变化，使该装置经济，运行效率高。从中冷后的组合齿轮压缩机向燃烧室-涡轮装置提供用于燃烧的压缩空气，使运行效率有很大的提高。
图3是图1所示系统的工作过程温熵图。该图显示了第一级78、第二级80、第三级82，第四级84的压缩过程。随后的中冷过程表示为第一级86、第二级88、第三级90。而后是回热级92、燃烧级94、第一膨胀级96、再热级98、第二膨胀级100和换热级102。与实际的非理想压缩和膨胀过程相对应的理论等熵过程（如虚线所示）被表示出。
如图4所示，在另一系统实施例中，燃烧室-涡轮装置242的输出轴240，通过联轴器244与一侧带有小齿轮248之一的轴246相连接，小齿轮248则与大齿轮250相啮合并驱动其转动。该轴246也带有一个位于壳体内部的叶轮252，该叶轮构成一个压缩级。小齿轮轴246的另一侧连接在一根带有两个叶轮256、258的轴254上，这些叶轮构成另外的两个压缩级。该实施例显示出位于一条直线上的压缩级装置。图4中所示实施例的其它元件，与图1中所示的元件相同。
如图5所示，还有一个实施例，其燃烧室-涡轮装置104通过带有一个第一小齿轮110的燃烧室-涡轮输出轴108与组合齿轮压缩机106相组合，而小齿轮110则通过与压缩机的大齿轮114相啮合的第二小齿轮112，与其啮合。在第二小齿轮112上安装有一第一径向叶轮116，它提供第三级压缩。与大齿轮114相啮合的还有，安装有用于提供第一级压缩的第二径向叶轮的第三小齿轮118。与大齿轮114相啮合的还有，安装有用于提供第二级压缩的第三径向叶轮124的第四小啮轮122。
如果需要，可以设置额外的径向叶轮，以便提供更多级的压缩。每个小齿轮可以概括所选取的直径，来实现不同的转速。在图5中所示的实施例中，小齿轮具有四种不同的直径，并以四种不同的速度转动。
在压缩级之间，是用水冷、气冷或其它可行介质冷却的中冷器。为了起动该系统，可以在从燃烧室-涡轮装置104中伸出的第二根轴（未表示出）上，连接一台电动机（未表示出）。
如图6所示，由电动-发电机128驱动运行的压缩机126，可以与由燃烧室-涡轮装置132驱动的一附加组合齿轮压缩机130迅速地连接为一体。在实施例中，燃烧室-涡轮装置132具有一根与附加压缩机130相连接的第一轴134，和与压缩机126相连接的第二轴136。这些轴可以不同的速度转动。在燃烧室-涡轮装置132运行期间，用于驱动两台压缩机所多余出的功率，可用于电动-发电机128上，以便产生其它用途的电能。
如图6所示，来自新压缩机130的压缩空气流135，可被分成流向燃烧室132的空气流137，和流向加工厂的空气流138。后一股气流与从压缩机126中流出的压缩空气流140合为一股。
图7所示为本发明的另一实施例，它可以防止由于燃烧室-涡轮装置失效，而导致中断向加工厂提供压缩空气的危险。该实施例既可以由电动机驱动，也可以由燃气涡轮驱动。一台电动机142通过第一联轴器144，与同大齿轮148组合在一起的轴146相连接，齿轮148与高压压缩机150相组合。与第一大齿轮相啮合的是，安装有第二级压缩级154和第三级压缩级156的第一小齿轮152。与第一大齿轮相啮合的还有，安装有第四级压缩级160和第五级压缩级162的第二小齿轮158。在第二与第三压缩级之间设置有第二中冷器164，在第三与第四压缩级之间设置有第三中冷器166，在第四与第五压缩级之间设置有第四中冷器168。来自第五级压缩级162的压缩空气流170，被输送到驱动高压压缩机150的燃烧室-涡轮装置172的燃烧室中。来自第四压缩级160的压缩空气流174，或来自第五压缩级162的压缩空气流176，被输送到加工厂。
驱动高压压缩机130的燃烧室-涡轮装置172具有一第一输出轴178，它通过第二联轴器180与同大齿轮148相啮合的第三小齿轮181相连接。燃烧室-涡轮装置172具有一第二输出轴182，它通过第三联轴器184与同第二大齿轮188相结合的轴186相连。从第二大齿轮另一侧中心伸出的是，通过第四联轴器192与电动-发电机194相连的轴190。
与第二大齿轮188相连的是装有第一压缩级198的第四小齿轮196，该级通向第一中冷器200。第二大齿轮188与第一压缩级198构成流向第一中冷器200的低压压缩机202。冷却后的压缩空气，自此被导入到高压压缩机150的第二压缩级150中。进气通过一导管204被输送到第一压缩级198中，该导管包括第一对法兰盘206，它可以安装一个关闭板，以便在需要时切断向第一压缩级198中供气。空气输送导管204的支路是一根具有第二对法兰盘210的导管208，它通常也安装有一关闭板。法兰盘206和210可以由阀代替。
通常，在稳定状态下由燃烧室-涡轮装置驱动的系统起动时，电动机194要驱动低压压缩机202、高压压缩机150和燃烧室-涡轮装置172。在稳定状态，即燃烧室-涡轮装置驱动运行时，电动机不与其相连接，而由燃烧室-涡轮装置172驱动高压压缩机150，低压压缩机202和电动-发电机194。所产生的电能被用于加工厂的其他用途。第一组法兰盘206是不关闭的，而第二组法兰盘210则关闭。
当燃烧室-涡轮装置172不运行而由电动机驱动时，电动机142驱动通过联轴器180从装置其他部分脱离的高压压气机150。第一对法兰盘206是关闭的，而第二对法兰盘210则不关闭，以便使未加压的空气直接进入第一中冷器200，并进而进入到高压压缩机150中。在系统用电动机驱动期间，燃烧室-涡轮装置172不需要空气，压缩空气从高压压缩机150的第五压缩级162供给加工厂。由于有低压压缩机202为旁路，在高压压缩机150入口处的气流密度会被减小。然而，级数的配置使高压压缩机150满足加工厂的压缩空气压力和流量的要求。
图8所示的是一个将燃烧室-涡轮装置、压缩机以及发电-电动机组合为一体，为加工厂和通向外界用户的输送管线提供压缩空气的系统实施例。该系统可以为内部用户发电。在这一系统中，第一燃烧室-涡轮装置212驱动第一压缩机241，将压缩空气供入管线216。管线216将空气供入燃烧室-涡轮装置212、其它内部燃烧室-涡轮装置220、226、230、234、内部加工厂218以及外部用户中。第二燃烧室-涡轮装置220驱动气体液化厂224中的再循环压缩机222。第三燃烧室-涡轮装置226驱动氮气产品压缩机228、第四燃烧室-涡轮装置230驱动氧气产品压缩机232。第五燃烧室-涡轮装置234驱动供气压缩机236，根据需要向供气管216提供压缩空气。任何或所有的燃烧室-涡轮装置均可以与起动-发电机，如起动-发电机238相连接。
对此所作的分析是通过比较向两个空气分离厂所输送的压缩空气的能量消耗来进行的。第一个工厂使用燃烧室-涡轮装置驱动组合齿轮压缩机，为空气分离工厂和按照本发明的燃烧室-涡轮装置提供压缩空气。该燃烧室-涡轮装置及压缩机与图1所描述的大致相同并根据图3所示的过程工作。该组合齿轮空气压缩机有四级。压缩空气经三级压缩后输送到空气分离工厂，每级的压缩比为1.905。压缩空气再经附加的压缩比为1.6的一级后，输送到燃烧室-涡轮装置。
第二个工厂使用了一台传统的电动机驱动组合齿轮空气压缩机，为空气分离工厂提供压缩空气。该压缩机除下述外，均与图1所示相同。该空气压缩机只有三个压缩级，每级压缩比为1.9。输送到空气分离工厂中的压缩空气的压力与第一个工厂的相同。即96.5磅/平方英寸。没有安装第四级压缩级、燃烧室-涡轮及其回热器。
两个工厂的规模是每天额定生产160吨氧气成品。所需的流量在吸入压力为14.6磅/平方英寸、吸入温度为68°F下为796000立方英尺/小时。在每个中冷器中的压降为0.75磅/平方英寸。在燃烧室、回热交换器、再热器中的压降为2.0磅/平方英寸。冷却水最好为68°F，而中冷器中的温度接近10°F。压缩级效率为85.5%，涡轮机效率为90.0%，机械损失为3%。回热交换器的效率经为90%。假定电价为每千瓦/小时0.04美元，燃烧室-涡轮装置所用的天然气为每1000立方英尺3.00美元。
工厂每年运行8500小时，买一个工厂的能源费用为290000美元，而第二个工厂则为560000美元。因此，按照本发明的操作，节省了48.7%的能源。
虽然本发明作出了极为详细的描述，但是目前所作的公开只是作为一种举例方式，其数字的细节变化及装置和过程的设置，可以采用任何不脱离下述权利要求所描述的发明精神及范围的内容。

Claims (23)

1、一种为加工厂提供压缩空气的系统，所述系统包括：
(a)一台至少带有一根涡轮机输出轴的燃烧室一涡轮装置；
(b)一个大齿轮；
(c)利用上述涡轮机输出轴驱动所述大齿轮的装置；
(d)至少两个压缩级，其中一级上带有一个接收空气进行压缩的进气口，一级上带有一个向所述燃烧室-涡轮装置输送压缩空气的出口，一级上带有一个将压缩空气输送到加工厂的出口；
(e)位于所述压缩级之一与所述燃烧室-涡轮装置之间的导管，该导管用于为燃烧室-涡轮装置的燃烧提供压缩空气；
(f)至少一个小齿轮，其上面至少带有一个所述的压缩级，所述小齿轮与上述大齿轮相啮合。
(g)至少一个位于两个压缩级之间的，对压缩空气进行中冷的中冷器。
2、如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征是至少一个所述的小齿轮上，带有两个压缩级。
3、如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征是至少一个所述的小齿轮上，具有一根带有位于大齿轮同一侧的两个压缩级的轴。
4、如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征是所述压缩级为径向级。
5、如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征是所述大齿轮驱动装置，将所述涡轮输出轴直接与大齿轮的中心相连接。
6、如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征是所述大齿轮驱动装置包括一个与所述涡轮输出轴相连接，并与大齿轮相啮合的驱动小齿轮。
7、如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征是所述大齿轮驱动装置包括，一个与所述涡轮输出轴相连接，并与同所述大齿轮相啮合的另一个小齿轮啮合的驱动小齿轮。
8、如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征是它还包括有一个通过与涡轮机废气逆行用于预热输向燃烧室的空气的热交换器。
9、如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于所述燃烧室-涡轮装置具有一个第一和一个第二膨胀级，还包括有连接到第一膨胀级的出口和第二膨胀级的入口的再热器，所述再热器具有一个输入用于再热器中进行燃烧的燃料入口。
10、如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征是它还包括一台与所述涡轮输出轴相连接的电动-发电机。
11、如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征是它还包括一台通过齿轮与所述大齿轮可分离地连接的电动-发电机。
12、如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征是该系统具有四个压缩级，第三压缩级具有向加工厂提供压缩空气的所述出口，第四级压缩级具有向所述燃烧室-涡轮装置提供压缩空气的所述出口。
13、如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征是它还包括：
（h）一台可分离地与所述大齿轮相连接的电动-发电机;
（i）可分离地利用所述燃烧室-涡轮装置驱动大齿轮的连接装置;
（j）可分离地与所述涡轮输出轴相连接的第二大齿轮;
（k）具有进气口和出气口的低压压缩机;
（l）带有所述低压压缩机的第二驱动小齿轮，该齿轮与所述第二大齿轮啮合;
（m）与位于所述接收空气进行压缩的级上的所述入口相连接的，连接低压压缩机的导管。
14、如权利要求13所述的系统，其特征是它还包括一台可分离地与所述第二大齿轮相连接的电动-发电机。
15、一种为加工厂提供压缩空气的系统，它包括有：
（a）一台至少带有一根涡轮机输出轴的燃烧室-涡轮装置;
（b）一台组合齿轮压缩机，它包括：
（1）一个大齿轮;
（2）至少两个压缩级，所述压缩级的至少一级带有一个为加工厂提供压缩空气的出口，所述压缩级的至少一级带有将压缩空气供给燃烧室-涡轮装置的出口;
（3）至少一个用于中冷位于至少两级所述压缩级之间的压缩空气的中冷器;
（4）至少一个小齿轮，其上至少带有一个所述的压缩级，所述的小齿轮与所述的大齿轮相啮合;
（c）利用上述涡轮机输出轴驱动所述大齿轮的装置;
（d）将压缩空气从组合齿轮压缩机输送到所述燃烧室-涡轮装置的导管。
16、如权利要求15所述的系统，其特征是它还包括一个与所述燃烧室-涡轮装置相连接的第二组合齿轮压缩机。
17、如权利要求15所述的系统，其特征是它还包括：
（a）一条从所述组合齿轮压缩机接收压缩空气，并将其输送到燃烧室-涡轮装置的空气管路，该管路具有向加工厂及其他消耗压缩空气的设备提供压缩空气的出口;
（b）至少一台接收来自所述管路的压缩空气的燃烧室-涡轮装置。
18、一种向加工厂及燃烧室-涡轮装置提供压缩空气的方法，它包括：
（a）提供一台燃烧室-涡轮装置;
（b）用所述的燃烧室-涡轮装置驱动一个大齿轮;
（c）用所述大齿轮驱动一台多级压缩机;
（d）在多级压缩机中压缩空气;
（e）在所述压缩机的至少两级之间进行中冷;
（f）将从所述压缩机中排出的压缩空气输送到所述的燃烧室-涡轮装置及加工厂中。
19、如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征是其中所述的驱动大齿轮的步骤包括，将所述燃烧室-涡轮装置输出到与同所述大齿轮啮合的小齿轮。
20、如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征是所述的驱动大齿轮的步骤包括，将所述燃烧室-涡轮装置输出到与所述大齿轮相啮合的另一个小齿轮上。
21、如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征是驱动所述多级压缩机的步骤包括，将至少一个小齿轮与所述的大齿轮相啮合，并将压缩机的至少一级安装在所述的小齿轮上。
22、如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征是它还包括，将从所述压缩机中排出的压缩空气输送到所述的燃烧室-涡轮装置之前，以与从燃烧室-涡轮装置排出的废气，逆流方式对其进行预热。
23、如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征是所述的燃烧室-涡轮装置具有两个膨胀级，两个膨胀级之间的燃气进行再热。
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