CN106930164A - A kind of method that big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway is set - Google Patents
A kind of method that big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway is set Download PDFInfo
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- CN106930164A CN106930164A CN201710075427.1A CN201710075427A CN106930164A CN 106930164 A CN106930164 A CN 106930164A CN 201710075427 A CN201710075427 A CN 201710075427A CN 106930164 A CN106930164 A CN 106930164A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C1/00—Design or layout of roads, e.g. for noise abatement, for gas absorption
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method that a kind of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway is set; position selection including big-and-middle-sized mammal passage; type determines; scale determines; size selection; induction habitat (including vegetation design, water body design, design of land, microhabitat design), setting protection facility (isolated gate sets, reduces facility, the control measure of reduction artificial disturbance of noise and vision interference) are set.The present invention be capable of achieving newly-built or reorganization and expansion highway engineering in big-and-middle-sized mammal passage setting, be prevented effectively from and reduce highway engineering construction big-and-middle-sized mammal is moved and habitat interference, contribute to guarantee traffic safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the highway mammal passage in animal protection field, more particularly to a kind of big-and-middle-sized lactation of highway
The method that animal corridor is set
Background technology
Highway construction and operation generate many influences to big-and-middle-sized mammal.Mainly include：Vehicle is lethal big-and-middle-sized
The big-and-middle-sized mammal activity of the interference such as mammal, vehicle noise and tail gas causes its to avoid traffic route, highway and vehicle
The pollutant degeneration habitat of leakage, highway are into causing after net big-and-middle-sized mammalian population to isolate and fragmentation and then threaten kind
Group's stability.For these influences, domestic and international traffic department is general to set different types of big-and-middle in Highways ' Combining with terrain
Type mammal passage, including upper straddle type passage and underpass type passage, upper straddle type passage is similar to China's mountain highway and railway
Tunnel, underpass type passage is similar to Bridges in Our Country, culvert.
But, also no systems approach is instructed in terms of the big-and-middle-sized mammal passage setting of highway.
Firstth, in terms of channel position selection.Patent of invention " the judge side of the animal traffic hot-zone based on factor of the habitat
Method " (patent No. ZL 2,011 1 0422949.7) proposes a kind of evaluation method of the animal traffic hot-zone based on factor of the habitat,
But the method is used when lacking animal basic data in mountain highway prospective design, therefore live core is not carried out
Real and no actual monitoring data are verified.Domestic majority traffic animal corridor set location is protected based on forest department, environment
The experience of shield department and directly provide, the confirmation of route is moved in the verification and animal that lack field data, lacks the big-and-middle-sized food in one's mouth
The investigation and analysis of the accident rate of newborn animal travels highway, therefore the position choosing of the country's big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway at present
The inadequate science of selection method is complete.
Secondth, in terms of channel type selection.Current domestic big-and-middle-sized mammal channel type is very single, substantially all
It is, with reference to bridges and culverts design, to lack the setting of designated lane, does not go up the successful case of straddle type passage, therefore lack animal corridor
The system of selection of type, such as considers habitat, landform, the method for designing of species habit factor.
3rd, in terms of passage design parameter.Studies in China is few, set in terms of number of channels, spacing, size with
Meaning property is larger, lacks the method for science to instruct.
4th, in terms of the induction habitat of animal corridor.Built in vegetation design, water system design, design of land, microhabitat
Aspect is almost blank.
5th, in terms of the protection facility of animal corridor.Also it is several in terms of isolated gate design, reduction noise and vision interference
It is blank, existing noise reduction measure lacks the consideration to big-and-middle-sized mammal habitat both for crowd and building.
In view of the above-mentioned big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of existing highway sets technology and can not be matched completely with the demand of reality,
By constantly research, to found the method that a kind of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway is set, existing public affairs can be instructed
The setting of the big-and-middle-sized mammal passage in road.
The content of the invention
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems is realized using following technical scheme.
A kind of method that big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway is set, comprises the following steps：
Step 1:Selection proposes the position of passage
Step 11：For new highway engineering, by walking corridor habitat assessment, big-and-middle-sized mammal zone of action
Verification, the identification of mobile route, comprehensive descision propose the position of animal corridor；
Step 12：For reorganization and expansion highway engineering, by walking corridor habitat assessment, big-and-middle-sized mammal zone of action
Verification, identification, the big-and-middle-sized lethal investigation of mammal road of mobile route, comprehensive descision proposes the position of animal corridor；
Further screened in conjunction with existing highway design schemes of route index, it is determined that proposing the position of animal corridor.
Step 2：It is determined that proposing the type of passage
By proposing the comprehensive analysis of the habitat, landform and Target Traversing species habit of channel position, it is determined that proposing logical
The type in road；
Step 3：It is determined that proposing the scale of passage
The distribution density investigation of development Target Traversing species at channel position is being proposed, the species are average with the area by result
Distribution density compares, and if above density is evenly distributed, then should set passage more；If less than density were evenly distributed, could
Passage is set less.Specific quantity and the interchannel of setting is away from also needing incorporation engineering feasibility, the investment capacity comprehensive really through consultant expert
It is fixed.
Step 4：It is determined that proposing the size of passage
By the warp to the monitoring of target species traversing traffic animal corridor, domestic and international similar habit species in like environment
Summary, expert consulting is tested comprehensively to determine to propose the size of passage.
Step 5：Induction habitat is set
Because highway interference region is main in the range of expropriation of land, induction habitat sets the main arrangement in the region, it then follows
Following steps：
Step 51：Vegetation is designed
Revegetation is carried out using local species, passage both sides natural vegetation is replicated in passage, as far as possible will be logical
State before road neighboring area revegetation to interference；For the habit of target species, its eating plant can be planted, lure target
Species are near passage so as to pass through；Using wood and tree root as guiding thing and things concealed, and it is arranged to linear communicating passage two
Side, guiding both sides mammal is along linear structure passage lanes；
Step 52：Water body is designed
In passageway perimeter and indoor design small water, until passage both sides inside penetrating via, big-and-middle-sized lactation is induced
Animal activity and passage lanes；Water body scale should not completely flood passage, and answering has flat higher than rainy season high water level in reserve channel
Platform trail；
Step 53：Design of land
Risen and fallen in passageway perimeter and indoor design mima type microrelief, be available for the part hidden rest of big-and-middle-sized mammal, be conducive to
Its passage lanes；
Step 54：Design microhabitat
In passageway perimeter and inside using wood, tree root, stone Combining with terrain design microhabitat, the habitat on passage is improved
Complexity, can attract the part hidden rest of big-and-middle-sized mammal；Microhabitat is designed at a certain distance, connects inside penetrating via
Both sides habitat is connect, is played a part of " steppingstone "；
Step 6：Protection facility is set
The effect for protecting facility is to prevent big-and-middle-sized mammal from being got into an accident event into road surface, reduces vehicle and highway
Interference to channel interior, improves efficiency of the big-and-middle-sized mammal using passage, it then follows following steps：
Step 61：Isolated gate is set
According to construction site condition, concrete, metal, mound etc. may be selected as isolation grid material；According to the big-and-middle-sized food in one's mouth
Newborn animal comprehensive determines isolation gate length along locomotivity, landform, the habitat etc. of highway；According to big-and-middle-sized mammal build
Size, climbing ability integration determine isolated gate highly；Isolated gate tip designs and bottom are determined according to target species active behavior
Design；For metal isolated gate, according to target species body size, isolated gate aperture is determined, prevent target species from passing through isolation
Grid enter highway or railway road surface, collided with vehicle, target species if any various, then by the isolated gate of various different pore sizes
It is overlapped mutually, constitutes compound isolated gate；
Step 62：Reduce the facility of noise and vision interference
Between passage and highway alignment, noise and car are avoided and reduce using various physical engineerings and ecological engineering measure
Influence of the light to channel interior, including physical noise wall, mound, the zone of vegetation etc.；Passageway perimeter road surface is set to Jing Yin
Road surface, or setting forced deceleration strip forces vehicle deceleration so as to reduce vehicle noise；
Step 63：Reduce the measure of man's activity
Prompting warning mark is set in passageway perimeter, human activity is limited at this so as to reduce the interference to passage.
The method that a kind of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of foregoing highway is set, for new highway engineering, corridor bandwidth
Degree according to landform, road quality classification, big-and-middle-sized mammal distribution characteristics and combine expert consulting comprehensively determine, habitat assessment with
Classification can be carried out by GIS or field investigation, by habitat quality be divided into it is suitable, general, be not suitable for three ranks (from landform,
Water source, vegetation, four aspects of artificial disturbance judge that suitable habitat should be the habitat that target species are frequently utilized that, typically
Habitat is the habitat that target species are utilized once in a while, and it is the habitat that target species are hardly utilized to be not suitable for habitat),
Line-transect is set in " suitable " and " general " rank respectively carries out field investigation, investigates big-and-middle-sized mammal activity (entity, foot
Mark, excrement, hair etc.) situation, big-and-middle-sized mammal activity species and quantity are recognized, select protection level highest or quantity
Most or flagship species, the mobile route of target species are recognized by GPS necklaces, trace-tracking, expert consulting, by movement
Route is overlapped with proposed identitypath position, and crosspoint position is the position for proposing animal corridor.
For reorganization and expansion highway engineering, by walking the big-and-middle-sized lethal investigation of mammal road of corridor, carry out comprehensive descision plan
If the position of animal corridor.The lethal investigation of road should continue at least 1 year, record the lethal species of big-and-middle-sized mammal, guarantor
The factors such as shield rank, quantity, position, time, environmental characteristic, the identification lethal big-and-middle-sized mammal species of road are more, protected level
The big section of not high, quantity, is high-order section, sets animal corridor.
To animal corridor location recognition out after, further screened in conjunction with existing highway design index, that is, combine
Bridge/culvert etc. further screens the accurate position of the big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway beneficial to the position of the facility of animal traffic
Put, existing highway bridge/culvert i.e. needs that overlapped with big-and-middle-sized mammal channel position are rectified and improved, improved and complete design；In public affairs
The big-and-middle-sized mammal channel position in road does not have bridge and culvert scheme, should advise increasing animal corridor complementary design, so that
Suitable for existing traffic improvement engineering.
Determine to propose by the comprehensive analysis for proposing the habitat, landform and Target Traversing species habit of channel position
The type of passage：That habitat quality is divided into is suitable, general, be not suitable for Three Estate (from landform, water source, vegetation, artificial disturbance four
Individual aspect judges, suitable habitat should be the habitat that target species are frequently utilized that, general habitat be target species once in a while
The habitat for utilizing, it is the habitat that target species are hardly utilized to be not suitable for habitat), landform be divided into flat, bulge and
Three, depression classification, big-and-middle-sized mammal habit can be divided into the activity of preference free environments, preference closing environmental activity and without bright
The aobvious class of preference three；Habitat quality is general above, flat landform or depression, mammal preference free environments or nothing are substantially inclined
It is good, straddle type passage in recommendation；The general above of habitat quality, flat landform or bulge, mammal preference closing environment or nothing
Obvious preference, recommends underpass type passage.
Determine to propose the size of passage by the monitoring to target species highway crossing animal corridor in like environment.Adopt
The effect of animal corridor is passed through with target species in field investigation method, vestige back tracking method, infrared camera monitoring method monitoring like environment
Rate, structure passes through the dependency relation of efficiency and animal corridor size, builds regression model, Y=b0+b1X1+b2X2+ ...+bnXn,
Y is pass through efficiency of certain species for certain animal corridor, b0It is constant term, b1b2... bn is partial regression coefficient, X1X2……Xn
It is animal corridor size index, finds out critical index and threshold value, so that it is determined that adapts to the passage chi of the big-and-middle-sized mammal
It is very little.
In passageway perimeter and internal setting small water, until passage both sides inside penetrating via, big-and-middle-sized lactation is induced
Animal activity and passage lanes.Living space is that catchment area is big according to depending on catchment area, there is the region of larger space in road domain
Coverage of water is big, takes the small-sized pool group that hand digging area is not waited.
In passageway perimeter and internal setting small water, until passage both sides inside penetrating via, water body scale should not be complete
Total flooding passage, answers the platform trail having in reserve channel higher than rainy season high water level.Can be using soil, rubble, plank, iron sheet etc.
Ground is layed in be allowed to, higher than rainy season high water level, utilization be walked for big-and-middle-sized mammal.
Isolated gate is comprehensively determined along highway alignment locomotivity, landform, habitat etc. according to the big-and-middle-sized mammal of target
Length.Big-and-middle-sized mammal is strong along highway locomotivity, then isolate gate length and accordingly lengthen.Isolated gate should be at breaks
Terminate, such as steep cliff, abrupt slope.Isolation gate length should be completely through in the good and intermediate region of habitat quality.
Isolated gate tip designs and bottom design are determined according to target species active behavior.For the species for liking climbing
(such as bear), isolated gate top termination prevents animal from climbing to about 45 degree of lateral bend outside highway direction；For liking digging a hole
And the animal (such as badger) for occupying, isolated gate is imbedded into below ground and is reinforced (such as use concrete), prevent animal excavated cavity from wearing
More isolated gate.
For metal isolated gate, according to target species body size, determine isolated gate aperture, prevent target species pass through every
Enter highway or railway road surface from grid, traffic accident occurs.Target species, then can be by the isolation of various different pore sizes if any various
Grid are overlapped mutually, and constitute compound isolated gate.
The measure of man's activity is reduced, section sets prompting warning sign board before and after big-and-middle-sized mammal passage, if
Depending on distance is put according to road quality classification, marked on sign board：Horn-blowing control, forbids random throw away rubbish, slow down etc..
The present invention has clear advantage and beneficial effect compared with prior art.By above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention
A kind of method that sets of the big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway there are following advantages：
The method that the big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of a kind of highway proposed by the present invention is set, is commented by walking corridor habitat
Valency, big-and-middle-sized mammal site of activity are examined, the identification of mobile route, the lethal data collection of road, realize macroscopical with microcosmic, reason
By analysis and the perfect adaptation of field monitoring, new highway engineering is applicable not only to, and suitable for reconstruction and extension project, it is more traditional
Dependence experience or rely on Habitat Assessment merely, more science is complete.
The method that the big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of a kind of highway proposed by the present invention is set, in channel type selection, leads to
Cross away corridor habitat assessment, landform classification, species habit preference comprehensive descision screening passage proper types, more traditional dependence
Expert judgments and combination bridges and culverts are set, more scientific and specific aim, and workable.
The method that the big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of a kind of highway proposed by the present invention is set, it is proposed that it is main that habitat induces
Content, including the design of vegetation design, design of land, water system and microhabitat design, have filled up domestic logical in big-and-middle-sized mammal
The blank of road habitat induction design, it is simple and easy to apply in engineering, it is workable, beneficial to popularization.
The method that the big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of a kind of highway proposed by the present invention is set, carries in terms of path protection facility
Go out isolated gate method for designing, reduced the engineering and Eco-Design aspect of noise and vision interference, fill up domestic blank.Realize
The effect of big-and-middle-sized mammal movement and vehicle movement is shunted, the current effect of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage is favorably improved
Rate.
The method that the big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of a kind of highway proposed by the present invention is set, in passageway perimeter and internal setting
Artificial small water, penetrating via inside communication channel both sides not only induce big-and-middle-sized mammal to come activity passage lanes,
And be conducive to small-sized mammalian, amphibian animal, reptiles and birds to utilize passage highway crossing.
In sum, the method that a kind of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway proposed by the present invention is set, profitable on ecology,
Remarkable in economical benefits.There is above-mentioned and practical value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 show the big-and-middle-sized mammal channel position selection flow chart of new highway engineering.
Fig. 2 show the big-and-middle-sized mammal channel position selection flow chart of reorganization and expansion highway engineering.
Fig. 3 show the selection flow chart of the big-and-middle-sized mammal channel type of highway.
Fig. 4 a show the big-and-middle-sized mammal underpass type passage induction habitat of highway and protection facilities design schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 b show the upper straddle type passage induction habitat of the big-and-middle-sized mammal of highway and protection facilities design schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 show in the big-and-middle-sized mammal underpass type passage of highway to set and illustrates higher than the platform trail of ordinary water level
Figure.
Fig. 6 show the big-and-middle-sized mammal channel separation grid tip designs schematic diagram of highway.
Fig. 7 show the big-and-middle-sized mammal channel separation grid Combination Design schematic diagram of highway.
Wherein：
1：Highway 2：Isolated gate
3：Reduce the measure 4 of noise and vision interference：Wood and tree root
5：↓ vegetation 6：Small water
7：▲ steppingstone 8：Rainy season high water level
9：The big-and-middle-sized mammal underpass type passage inner platform trail 10 of highway：Isolated gate top bump
11：Isolated gate top bump is in 45 degree 12 with isolated gate angle：Medium-sized mammal isolated gate
13：Large mammal isolated gate
Specific embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 is based on the method that a kind of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway of new highway engineering is set
Step 1:Selection proposes the position of passage
By habitat assessment in highway corridor band and classification, the identification of big-and-middle-sized mammal zone of action, big-and-middle-sized
Mammal moves the determination of route, and comprehensive descision proposes the position (Fig. 1) of animal corridor.Corridor bandwidth is according to landform, public affairs
The comprehensively determination such as road grade, big-and-middle-sized mammal distribution characteristics combination expert consulting, first passes through GIS combination field investigations, will
Walk habitat quality in corridor be divided into it is suitable, general, be not suitable for three ranks, the setting in " suitable " and " general " rank respectively
Line-transect carries out field investigation, finds out big-and-middle-sized mammal activity (entity, footprint, excrement, hair etc.) primitive characteristic, and identification is big
Medium-sized mammal activity species, protection level and quantity, select protection level highest or quantity at most or flagship species
(can protect the species of most mammals by protecting to it) is used as target species, then by GPS necklaces, vestige with
Track, expert consulting etc. recognize the mobile route of target species.Mobile route is overlapped with proposed highway alignment, crosspoint
Position is the position for proposing animal corridor.
Step 2：It is determined that proposing the type of passage
Determine to propose by the comprehensive analysis for proposing the habitat, landform and Target Traversing species habit of channel position
The type (Fig. 3) of passage.Respectively by habitat quality be divided into it is suitable, general, be not suitable for Three Estate, landform is divided into flat, grand
Mound and three, depression classification, big-and-middle-sized mammal habit are divided into the activity of preference free environments, preference closing environmental activity and nothing
The obvious class of preference three, in general, habitat quality is general above, flat landform or depression, big-and-middle-sized mammal preference are opened
Wealthy environment or without obvious preference, straddle type passage in recommendation.The general above of habitat quality, flat landform or bulge, the big-and-middle-sized food in one's mouth
Newborn animal preference closing environment or without obvious preference, recommends underpass type passage.
Step 3：It is determined that proposing the scale of passage
The distribution density investigation of development Target Traversing species at channel position is being proposed, the species are average with the area by result
Distribution density compares, and if above density is evenly distributed, then should set passage more；If less than density were evenly distributed, could
Passage is set less.Specific quantity and the interchannel of setting is away from also needing incorporation engineering feasibility, the investment capacity comprehensive really through consultant expert
It is fixed.
Step 4：It is determined that proposing the size of passage
Determine to propose the size of passage by the monitoring to target species highway crossing animal corridor in like environment.Adopt
Target species pass through animal corridor in monitoring like environment with field investigation method, vestige trapping, infrared camera monitoring method etc.
The dependency relation of efficiency and animal corridor size is passed through in efficiency, foundation, builds regression model, Y=b0+b1X1+b2X2+……+
BnXn, Y are pass through efficiency of certain species for certain animal corridor, b0It is constant term, b1b2... bn is partial regression coefficient,
X1X2... Xn is animal corridor size index, critical index and threshold value is found out, so that it is determined that adapting to the big-and-middle-sized mammal
Channel size.
Step 5：Induction habitat is set
Because highway interference region is main in the range of expropriation of land, induction habitat sets the main arrangement in the region, it then follows
Following steps：
Step 51：Vegetation is designed
Revegetation is carried out using local species, passage both sides natural vegetation is replicated in passage, as far as possible will be logical
State (Fig. 4 a, 4b) before road neighboring area revegetation to interference；For the habit of target species, the plant of its eating can be planted
Thing, lures target species near passage so as to pass through；Using falling wood and tree root and to be arranged to linear communicating passage both sides, guiding two
The big-and-middle-sized mammal in side is along linear structure passage lanes (Fig. 4 a, 4b)；
Step 52：Water body is designed
In passageway perimeter and indoor design small water, until passage both sides inside penetrating via, big-and-middle-sized lactation is induced
Animal activity and passage lanes (Fig. 4 a, 4b), Living space are that catchment area is big, road domain has larger according to depending on catchment area
The region coverage of water in space is big, takes the small-sized pool group that hand digging area is not waited.
Water body scale should not completely flood passage, answer the platform trail having in reserve channel higher than rainy season high water level.Can adopt
Ground is layed in soil, rubble, plank, iron sheet etc. to be allowed to, higher than rainy season high water level, utilization be walked for big-and-middle-sized mammal.
Step 53：Design of land
Risen and fallen in passageway perimeter and indoor design mima type microrelief, be available for the part hidden rest of big-and-middle-sized mammal, be conducive to
Its passage lanes；
Step 54：Design microhabitat
In passageway perimeter and inside using wood, tree root, stone Combining with terrain design microhabitat, the habitat on passage is improved
Complexity, can attract the part hidden rest of big-and-middle-sized mammal；Microhabitat is designed at a certain distance, connects inside penetrating via
Both sides habitat is connect, is played a part of " steppingstone " (Fig. 4 a, 4b)；
Step 6：Protection facility is set
The effect for protecting facility is to prevent big-and-middle-sized mammal from being got into an accident event into road surface, reduces vehicle and highway
Interference to channel interior, improves efficiency of the big-and-middle-sized mammal using passage, it then follows following steps：
Step 61：Isolated gate is set
According to construction site condition, concrete, metal, mound etc. may be selected as isolation grid material；According to the big-and-middle-sized food in one's mouth
Newborn animal comprehensively determines isolation gate length (Fig. 4 a, 4b), big-and-middle-sized mammal along highway locomotivity, landform, habitat etc.
It is strong along highway alignment locomotivity, then to isolate gate length and accordingly lengthen, isolated gate should terminate at breaks, such as steep cliff, steep
Slope, isolation gate length should be completely through in the good and intermediate region of habitat quality；According to big-and-middle-sized mammal build size, climb
Climbing ability integration determines isolated gate highly；Isolated gate tip designs and bottom design (figure are determined according to target species active behavior
6), for the species (such as bear) for liking climbing, isolated gate top termination prevents to about 45 degree of lateral bend outside highway direction
Animal climbs；The animal (such as badger) occupied for liking digging a hole, isolated gate imbedded below ground and reinforced (such as use coagulation
Soil), prevent animal excavated cavity from passing through isolated gate；For metal isolated gate, according to target species body size, isolated gate is determined
Aperture, prevents target species from passing through isolated gate into highway or railway road surface, and traffic accident (Fig. 7) occurs, target species if any
It is various, then the isolated gate of various different pore sizes can be overlapped mutually, constitute compound isolated gate.
Step 62：Reduce the facility of noise and vision interference
Between passage and highway, noise and Vehicle lamp are avoided and reduce using various physical engineerings and ecological engineering measure
Influence of the light to channel interior, including physical noise wall, mound, the zone of vegetation etc. (Fig. 4 a, 4b)；Passageway perimeter road surface is set to
Jing Yin road surface, or setting forced deceleration strip forces vehicle deceleration so as to reduce vehicle noise；
Step 63：Reduce the measure of man's activity
Prompting warning mark is set in passageway perimeter, depending on distance is set according to road quality classification, is marked on sign board：Prohibit
Ring, forbids random throw away rubbish, slow down etc..Human activity is limited at this so as to reduce the interference to passage.
Embodiment 2 is based on the method that a kind of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway of reorganization and expansion highway engineering is set
Step 1:Selection proposes the position of passage
Passed through by walking corridor habitat assessment, the verification of big-and-middle-sized mammal zone of action, big-and-middle-sized mammal
The identification of highway location, the big-and-middle-sized lethal investigation of mammal road, comprehensive descision propose the position (Fig. 2) of animal corridor；Again
Further screened with reference to existing highway design schemes of route index, it is determined that proposing the position of animal corridor.
Delimit corridor centered on reorganization and expansion highway, corridor bandwidth is moved according to landform, road quality classification, big-and-middle-sized lactation
Thing distribution characteristics combination expert consulting etc. comprehensively determine, will walk habitat quality in corridor be divided into it is suitable, general, be not suitable for three
Rank, line-transect is set in " suitable " and " general " rank respectively carries out field investigation, finds out big-and-middle-sized mammal activity (real
Body, footprint, excrement, hair etc.) primitive characteristic, big-and-middle-sized mammal activity species, protection level and quantity are recognized, selection is protected
Shield rank highest or quantity are at most or flagship species (can protect the species of overwhelming majority mammals by protecting to it)
As target species；The mobile route of target species is recognized by GPS necklaces, trace-tracking, expert consulting etc. again.Will be mobile
Route is overlapped with existing highway circuit, and crosspoint position is the position for proposing animal corridor.
Additionally, carrying out the lethal investigation of road along existing highway, at least 1 year should be continued, record big-and-middle-sized mammal
The factors such as lethal species, protection level, quantity, position, time, environmental characteristic, select the lethal big-and-middle-sized mammal kind of road
The section that class is more, protection level is high, quantity is big, is recognized as high-risk section, sets animal corridor.
To animal corridor location recognition out after, further screened in conjunction with existing highway design schemes of route index, i.e.,
With reference to bridge/culvert etc. the accurate of the big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway is further screened beneficial to the position of the facility of animal traffic
Position, existing highway bridge/culvert i.e. needs that overlapped with big-and-middle-sized mammal channel position are rectified and improved, improved and complete design；
The big-and-middle-sized mammal channel position of highway does not have bridge and culvert scheme, should increase animal corridor, so as to be applied to existing
Highway improvement engineering.
Step 2：It is determined that proposing the type of passage：With embodiment 1；
Step 3：It is determined that proposing the scale of passage：With embodiment 1；
Step 4：It is determined that proposing the size of passage：With embodiment 1；
Step 5：Induction habitat is set：With embodiment 1；
Step 6：Protection facility is set：With embodiment 1；
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, on the premise of the technology of the present invention principle is not departed from, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications
Also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the method that a kind of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway is set, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1:Selection proposes the position of passage
Step 11：For new highway engineering, by habitat assessment, big-and-middle-sized mammal zone of action in line corridor band
Identification, big-and-middle-sized mammal movement route sentence knowledges, mobile route and proposed identitypath position are overlapped, crosspoint
As propose the position of animal corridor；
Step 12：For reorganization and expansion highway engineering, by habitat assessment, big-and-middle-sized mammal behaviour area in line corridor band
The identification in domain, mobile route sentence knowledge, the big-and-middle-sized lethal investigation of mammal road, and comprehensive descision proposes the position of animal corridor
Put；Further screened in conjunction with existing design schemes of route index, the selected position for proposing animal corridor；
Step 2：It is determined that proposing the type of passage
By proposing the comprehensive analysis of the habitat, landform and Target Traversing species habit of channel position, it is determined that proposing passage
Type；
Step 3：It is determined that proposing the scale of passage
The distribution density investigation of development Target Traversing species at channel position is being proposed, the species are evenly distributed with the area by result
Density compares, and if above density is evenly distributed, then should set passage more；If less than density is evenly distributed, can set less
Put passage；Specific quantity and the interchannel of setting is away from also needing incorporation engineering feasibility, the investment capacity comprehensively to determine through consultant expert；
Step 4：It is determined that proposing the size of passage
By total to the monitoring of target species highway crossing animal corridor, the domestic and international experience for being similar to habit species in like environment
Knot or expert consulting comprehensively determine to propose the size of passage；
Step 5：Induction habitat is set
Because construction of the highway interference region is main in the range of expropriation of land, induction habitat sets the main arrangement in the region, it then follows
Following steps：
Step 51：Vegetation is designed
Revegetation is carried out using local species, passage both sides natural vegetation is replicated in passage, as far as possible by passage week
State before border area domain revegetation to interference；For the habit of target species, its eating plant is planted, lure target species to lean on
Nearly passage is so as to pass through；Using wood and tree root as guiding thing and things concealed, and it is arranged to linear communicating passage both sides, guides
Both sides mammal is along linear structure passage lanes；
Step 52：Water body is designed
In passageway perimeter and indoor design small water, until passage both sides inside penetrating via, induction mammal is near work
Dynamic and passage lanes；Water body scale should not completely flood passage, answer the platform trail having in reserve channel higher than rainy season high water level；
Step 53：Design of land
Risen and fallen in passageway perimeter and indoor design mima type microrelief, be available for the part hidden rest of big-and-middle-sized mammal, be conducive to it to wear
More passage；
Step 54：Design microhabitat
In passageway perimeter and inside using wood, tree root, stone Combining with terrain design microhabitat, the habitat complexity on passage is improved
Property, the part hidden rest of big-and-middle-sized mammal can be attracted；Microhabitat is designed at a certain distance, penetrating via inside connection two
Side habitat, plays a part of " steppingstone "；
Step 6：Protection facility is set
Step 61：Isolated gate is set
According to construction site condition, selection concrete, metal, mound are used as isolation grid material；According to big-and-middle-sized mammal edge
Locomotivity, landform, the habitat of highway comprehensively determine isolation gate length；According to big-and-middle-sized mammal build size, climbing
Ability integration determines isolated gate highly；Isolated gate tip designs and bottom design are determined according to target species active behavior；For
Metal isolated gate, according to target species body size, determines isolated gate aperture, prevents target species from passing through isolated gate and enters approach
Face, collides with vehicle, and then be overlapped mutually for the isolated gate of various different pore sizes if any various by target species, constitutes compound
Type isolated gate；
Step 62：Reduce the facility of noise and vision interference
Between passage and highway, noise and lights of vehicle pair are avoided and reduce using various physical engineerings and ecological engineering measure
The influence of channel interior, including physical noise wall, mound, the zone of vegetation；Passageway perimeter road surface is set to Jing Yin road surface, or is set
Forced deceleration strip forces vehicle deceleration so as to reduce vehicle noise；
Step 63：Reduce the measure of man's activity
Prompting warning mark is set in passageway perimeter, human activity is limited at this so as to reduce the interference to passage.
2. the method that a kind of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway according to claim 1 is set, it is characterised in that for
New highway engineering, corridor bandwidth is according to landform, road quality classification, big-and-middle-sized mammal distribution characteristics and combines expert consulting
Comprehensive to determine, habitat assessment and classification can be carried out by GIS or field investigation, and it is suitable, general, no that habitat quality is divided into
Suitable three ranks, line-transect is set in " suitable " and " general " rank respectively carries out field investigation, investigates big-and-middle-sized lactation and moves
Thing active situation, recognizes big-and-middle-sized mammal activity species and quantity, selection protection level highest or quantity at most or
Flagship species, the mobile route of target species is recognized by GPS necklaces, trace-tracking, expert consulting, by mobile route and plan
Build identitypath position to be overlapped, crosspoint position is the position for proposing animal corridor.
3. the method that a kind of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway according to claim 1 is set, it is characterised in that for
Reorganization and expansion highway engineering, the lethal investigation of road should continue at least 1 year, record the lethal species of big-and-middle-sized mammal, protection
Rank, quantity, position, time, environmental characteristic factor, the identification lethal big-and-middle-sized mammal species of road are more, protection level is high,
The big section of quantity, is high-risk section, sets animal corridor.
4. the method that a kind of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway according to claim 1 is set, it is characterised in that right
Animal corridor location recognition out after, further screened in conjunction with existing highway design schemes of route index, that is, combine beneficial to dynamic
The exact position of the big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway is further screened in the position of the current facility of thing, and described is logical beneficial to animal
Capable facility includes but is not limited to bridge and culvert.
5. the method that a kind of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway according to claim 1 is set, it is characterised in that pass through
The comprehensive analysis for proposing the habitat, landform and Target Traversing species habit of channel position determines to propose the type of passage：Dwell
Breath geological measuring be divided into it is suitable, general, be not suitable for Three Estate, landform is divided into flat, bulge and three, depression classification, the big-and-middle-sized food in one's mouth
Newborn Animal behaviour can be divided into the activity of preference free environments, preference closing environmental activity and without the class of obvious preference three；Habitat quality
More than general, flat landform or depression, mammal preference free environments or without obvious preference, straddle type passage in recommendation；Perch
More than geological measuring is general, flat landform or bulge, mammal preference closing environment or without obvious preference, recommend underpass type to lead to
Road.
6. the method that a kind of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway according to claim 1 is set, it is characterised in that use
Target species pass through the efficiency of animal corridor in field investigation method, vestige back tracking method, infrared camera monitoring method monitoring like environment,
Structure passes through the dependency relation of efficiency and animal corridor size, builds regression model, Y=b0+b1X1+b2X2+ ...+bnXn, Y are
Certain species for certain animal corridor efficiency of passing through, b0It is constant term, b1b2... bn is partial regression coefficient, X1X2... Xn is
Thing channel size index, finds out critical index and threshold value, so that it is determined that adapting to the channel size of the big-and-middle-sized mammal.
7. the method that a kind of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway according to claim 1 is set, it is characterised in that big-and-middle
Type mammal is strong along traffic route locomotivity, then isolate gate length and accordingly lengthen, and isolated gate terminates at breaks, bag
Include but be not limited to steep cliff, abrupt slope；Isolation gate length should be completely through in habitat quality is suitable and general area.
8. the method that a kind of big-and-middle-sized mammal passage of highway according to claim 1 is set, it is characterised in that for
Like the species of climbing, isolated gate top termination prevents animal from climbing to about 45 degree of lateral bend outside highway direction；For
The animal liked digging a hole and occupy, imbeds isolated gate below ground and takes measures to reinforce, prevent animal excavated cavity pass through every
From grid.
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