CN106894826B - Supporting structure and supporting method for collapse section in hole - Google Patents
Supporting structure and supporting method for collapse section in hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN106894826B CN106894826B CN201710316534.9A CN201710316534A CN106894826B CN 106894826 B CN106894826 B CN 106894826B CN 201710316534 A CN201710316534 A CN 201710316534A CN 106894826 B CN106894826 B CN 106894826B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 101150097977 arch-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 23
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a supporting structure and a supporting method of a collapse section in a hole, comprising a steel arch, wherein at least two layers of reinforcing steel meshes are overlapped and paved around the outer surface of the steel arch; a positioning pipe is pre-fixed on the steel arch towards the direction of the cavity, one end of the positioning pipe penetrates through the reinforcing mesh to be close to the top of the cavity, and the other end of the positioning pipe extends to the inner cavity of the steel arch; a concrete spray pipe is fixedly preset at the top of the steel arch, one end of the concrete spray pipe penetrates through the reinforcing mesh, and the other end of the concrete spray pipe extends to the inner cavity of the steel arch; spraying concrete on the area between the uppermost layer of the reinforcing mesh and the outer surface of the steel arch to form a reinforced concrete layer; the space between the reinforced concrete layer and the inner wall of the cavity is filled with concrete; an anchor rod is arranged in the positioning pipe and extends into the rock stratum of the cavity. The invention adopts the reinforced concrete layer structure made of the reinforcing mesh to replace the template installation or the steel plate installation support, reduces the construction difficulty and saves the investment. The constructors are all in a safe area in the whole process, so that the life safety is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to engineering technology, and particularly relates to a supporting structure and a supporting method of a collapse section in a hole.
Background
During in-tunnel construction, collapse of the roof arch and the side walls is often caused by non-encountered geological conditions such as faults, weak structural surfaces and the like, and particularly occurs in four and five surrounding rock areas. At the collapsed cavity, it is conventional practice to erect a steel form at the top arch or install an arched steel plate on the steel arch, and then backfill with concrete.
However, the construction cost of the formwork is high, the cost of the formwork used for some local collapse is at least more than one hundred thousand, and the formwork is inconvenient to punch in construction, so that the construction of the anchor rod after concrete backfilling cannot be performed. Therefore, in actual construction, the formwork support is not generally adopted. If the steel plate is used for supporting, the steel plate needs to be arched, and the strength of the steel plate is reduced in the process, and the process is labor-consuming and time-consuming.
In summary, the above scheme can affect the construction process, and even secondary collapse occurs due to delay of the supporting time, which affects the safety of constructors in the construction area. On the other hand, the cost is higher, which is unfavorable for saving investment. Therefore, the current supporting structure and the supporting method have poor construction effect on the collapse section.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a supporting structure and a supporting method for the collapse section in the hole, which have the advantages of small construction difficulty, safe construction and low cost.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: the supporting structure of the collapse section in the cave comprises a steel arch arranged below the collapse section in the cave, connecting ribs for connecting the steel arches, at least two layers of reinforcing steel meshes are overlapped and paved around the outer surface of the steel arch, and meshes of the adjacent reinforcing steel meshes are staggered;
a positioning pipe is pre-fixed on the steel arch towards the direction of the cavity, and one end of the positioning pipe penetrates through the reinforcing mesh to approach the top of the cavity, and the other end of the positioning pipe extends to the inner cavity of the steel arch;
a concrete spray pipe is fixedly preset at the top of the steel arch, one end of the concrete spray pipe penetrates through the reinforcing mesh, and the other end of the concrete spray pipe extends to the inner cavity of the steel arch;
spraying concrete on the area between the uppermost layer of the reinforcing mesh and the outer surface of the steel arch to form a reinforced concrete layer; the space between the reinforced concrete layer and the inner wall of the cavity is filled with concrete;
an anchor rod is arranged in the positioning pipe and extends into the grotto rock layer.
In order to increase the stability of the steel arch, an anchor rod is arranged from the upright parts on two sides of the steel arch towards the side wall direction of the cavity, one end of the anchor rod extends into the rock stratum of the cavity, and the other end of the anchor rod is fixedly connected with the steel arch.
Preferably, the roof truss of the steel arch is arranged in an encrypted manner, and the distance between the roof truss and the roof truss is 30 cm-50 cm;
the connecting ribs positioned at the arch part of the steel arch are arranged in an encrypted mode, and the distance between the connecting ribs is 20 cm to 30cm.
Further, the reinforced concrete layer further comprises a steel wire fiber net paved on the outer surface of the uppermost reinforcing steel bar net. The measure can pocket the falling rock blocks in the collapse area, and avoid injuring constructors by smashing.
The invention also provides a supporting method of the collapse section in the hole, which comprises the following steps:
(a) Fang Dashe steel arches under the cave collapse sections;
(b) At least two layers of reinforcing steel meshes are overlapped and paved around the outer surface of the steel arch, and meshes of adjacent reinforcing steel meshes are staggered;
(c) A positioning pipe is fixed in advance on the steel arch towards the direction of the cavity, one end of the positioning pipe penetrates through the reinforcing mesh to be close to the top of the cavity, and the other end of the positioning pipe extends to the inner cavity of the steel arch;
(d) A preset concrete spray pipe is fixed at the top of the steel arch, one end of the concrete spray pipe penetrates through the reinforcing mesh, and the other end of the concrete spray pipe extends to the inner cavity of the steel arch;
(e) Moving the trolley to a safe area of the steel arch, and spraying concrete to an area between the uppermost layer of the reinforcing mesh and the outer surface of the steel arch to form a reinforced concrete layer;
(f) Spraying concrete on the rock surface of the inner wall of the cavity so as to seal surrounding rock;
(g) Backfilling the space between the reinforced concrete layer and the inner wall of the cavity with concrete through a concrete spray pipe;
(h) And after backfilling is finished, when the concrete is solidified to early strength, an anchor rod is applied from the positioning pipe, and the anchor rod extends into the rock layer of the cavity.
In the scheme, the reinforced concrete layer structure made of the reinforcing mesh is adopted to replace the template installation or the steel plate installation, and the construction difficulty is low. Because the locating holes can be pre-buried, the anchor bolt support can be conveniently carried out, so that the support is more stable.
Before step (g), the constructor can stand in the safe area for construction instead of just under the collapse section. When backfilling concrete, construction staff stands under the collapse section, and can safely construct due to shielding of the reinforced concrete layer.
In order to ensure safety and prevent the falling of the large stones or the falling of the stone blocks in the collapse area from injuring constructors, in the step (b), after the reinforcement mesh is laid, a steel wire fiber mesh is laid on the outer surface of the uppermost reinforcement mesh;
and (e) spraying the steel wire fiber net (4) together when spraying the concrete in the step (e).
Further, in the step (g), the gap between the backfilled concrete and the rock face of the inner wall of the cavity is backfilled and compacted by cement mortar.
Preferably, the concrete nozzle in the step (d) is provided with a plurality of concrete nozzles, and different concrete nozzles have different heights;
and (3) backfilling the concrete in the step (g) from low to high according to the furnishing position of the reserved concrete spray pipe.
Preferably, prior to backfilling the concrete in step (g), stones are placed on the outer surface of the reinforced concrete layer. In the measure, the stone can play a role in embedding and fixing, and the slurry leakage phenomenon is prevented when the concrete or the cement mortar is backfilled in the later period.
Further, in order to increase the stability of the steel arch, after step (f), anchors are applied from the upright portions on both sides of the steel arch in the direction of the side wall of the cavity, one end of the anchors extend into the rock formation of the cavity, and the other end of the anchors are welded with the steel arch.
The invention has the remarkable effects that:
1. the reinforced concrete layer structure made of the reinforcing mesh is adopted to replace the template installation or steel plate installation support, so that the construction difficulty is reduced, and the investment is saved.
2. Before step (g), the constructors can all stand in the safe area for construction, rather than just under the collapse section steel arch. When backfilling concrete, construction staff stands under the collapse section steel arch, and can safely construct due to shielding of the reinforced concrete layer. The constructors are all in a safe area in the whole process, so that the life safety is ensured.
3. The construction is simple, the cost is low, and the equipment adopted by the invention is common equipment for the construction of the grotto, and no extra equipment investment is needed.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation view of a support structure;
fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a support structure.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the construction of a steel arch reinforcing bar net and a steel wire fiber net of the steel arch.
In the figure: 1-a steel arch; 2-a chamber; 3-anchor rods; 4-wire fiber web; 5-a reinforcing mesh; 6-a reinforced concrete layer; 7-backfilling the concrete layer; 8-connecting ribs; 9-concrete spray pipes; 10-positioning a tube; 11-anchor rod; 12-stone.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a supporting structure of an in-tunnel collapse section comprises a steel arch 1 arranged below the collapse section of a cavity 2 and connecting ribs 8 for connecting the steel arches. The steel arch 1 is arranged between roof trusses in an encrypted mode, and the distance between the roof trusses is 30 cm-50 cm. The connecting ribs 8 positioned at the arch part of the steel arch 1 are arranged in an encrypted mode, and the distance is 20-30 cm.
At least two layers of reinforcing steel meshes 5 are superposed and laid around the outer surface of the steel arch 1. The meshes of the adjacent reinforcing steel bar meshes 5 are staggered.
A positioning tube 10 is pre-fixed on the steel arch 1 in the direction of the cavity. One end of the positioning pipe 10 passes through the reinforcing mesh 5 to be close to the top of the hole, and the other end extends to the inner cavity of the steel arch 1.
A concrete spray pipe 9 is fixedly pre-arranged at the top of the steel arch 1, one end of the concrete spray pipe 9 penetrates through the reinforcing mesh 5, and the other end extends to the inner cavity of the steel arch 1.
Concrete is sprayed on the area between the uppermost layer of the reinforcing mesh 5 and the outer surface of the steel arch 1 to form a reinforced concrete layer 6. The reinforced concrete layer 6 further comprises a steel wire fiber net 4 paved on the outer surface of the uppermost reinforcing steel bar net 5.
The space between the reinforced concrete layer 6 and the inner wall of the cavity 2 is filled with concrete.
An anchor rod 3 is arranged in the positioning pipe 10, and the anchor rod 3 extends into the rock stratum of the cavity. And anchor rods 11 are arranged from the upright parts on two sides of the steel arch 1 towards the side wall direction of the cavity 2, one end of each anchor rod 11 extends into the rock stratum of the cavity, and the other end of each anchor rod is fixedly connected with the steel arch 1.
The embodiment also provides a supporting method of the collapse section in the hole, which comprises the following steps:
(a) Fang Dashe steel arch 1 under the collapse section of the cavern 2;
(b) At least two layers of reinforcing steel bar meshes 5 are overlapped and paved around the outer surface of the steel arch 1, and meshes of adjacent reinforcing steel bar meshes 5 are staggered; after the reinforcement mesh 5 is laid, a steel wire fiber mesh 4 is laid on the outer surface of the uppermost reinforcement mesh 5;
(c) Because the rock stratum in the collapse area is loosened, random anchor rods are not suitable to be applied to the loosening area at the moment, a positioning pipe 10 is fixed on the steel arch 1 in advance towards the direction of the cavity 2, one end of the positioning pipe 10 penetrates through the reinforcing mesh 5 to be close to the top of the cavity, and the other end of the positioning pipe extends to the inner cavity of the steel arch 1; the positioning pipe adopts a PVC pipe with the pipe diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the anchor rod, and the PVC pipe is bound with the steel arch or the reinforcing mesh by using a thin steel wire;
(d) A preset concrete spray pipe 9 is fixed at the top of the steel arch 1, one end of the concrete spray pipe 9 penetrates through the reinforcing mesh 5, and the other end of the concrete spray pipe extends to the inner cavity of the steel arch 1; the concrete spray pipes 9 are provided with a plurality of concrete spray pipes 9, and different concrete spray pipes 9 have different heights, and generally three concrete spray pipes are adopted, namely middle concrete spray pipes, low concrete spray pipes and high concrete spray pipes;
(e) Moving the trolley to a safe area of the steel arch 1, and spraying concrete to the area between the steel wire fiber net 4 and the outer surface of the steel arch 1 to form a reinforced concrete layer 6;
(f) Spraying concrete with the thickness of 1-3 cm on the rock surface of the inner wall of the cavity 2 to seal surrounding rock, and then re-spraying to 15-25 cm;
placing a stone block 12 on the outer surface of the reinforced concrete layer 6, wherein the diameter of the stone block 12 is 15 cm-30 cm;
applying anchor rods 11 from the upright parts on two sides of the steel arch 1 towards the side wall direction of the cavity 2, wherein one end of each anchor rod 11 extends into the rock stratum of the cavity 2, and the other end of each anchor rod is welded with the steel arch 1;
(g) Backfilling the space between the reinforced concrete layer 6 and the inner wall of the cavity 2 with concrete through a concrete spray pipe 9, and backfilling the space from low to high layers according to the arrangement position of the reserved concrete spray pipe 9 to form a backfilled concrete layer 7; adopting cement mortar to backfill and densify the gap between the backfilled concrete and the rock surface on the inner wall of the cavity 2;
(h) After backfilling is finished, when the concrete is solidified to early strength, the anchor rod 3 is applied from the positioning pipe 10, and the anchor rod 3 extends into the rock formation of the cavity 2.
With the method described above, before step (g), the constructor can stand in the safe area for construction, instead of just under the collapse section steel arch 1. When backfilling concrete, construction personnel can safely construct the concrete by shielding the reinforced concrete layer 6 when standing under the collapse section steel arch 1. The constructors are all in a safe area in the whole process, so that the life safety is ensured.
Claims (5)
1. The method for supporting the collapse section in the hole is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(a) Fang Dashe steel arches (1) under the collapse sections of the caverns (2);
(b) At least two layers of reinforcing steel bar meshes (5) are overlapped and paved around the outer surface of the steel arch (1), and meshes of the adjacent reinforcing steel bar meshes (5) are staggered; after the reinforcement mesh (5) is laid, a steel wire fiber mesh (4) is laid on the outer surface of the uppermost reinforcement mesh (5);
(c) A positioning pipe (10) is fixed on the steel arch (1) towards the direction of the cavity (2), one end of the positioning pipe (10) passes through the reinforcing mesh (5) to be close to the top of the cavity, and the other end extends to the inner cavity of the steel arch (1);
(d) A preset concrete spray pipe (9) is fixed at the top of the steel arch (1), one end of the concrete spray pipe (9) penetrates through the reinforcing mesh (5) and the other end of the concrete spray pipe extends to the inner cavity of the steel arch (1);
(e) Moving the trolley to a safe area of the steel arch (1), and spraying concrete to an area between the steel wire fiber mesh (4) positioned at the uppermost layer of the steel reinforcement mesh (5) and the outer surface of the steel arch (1) to form a reinforced concrete layer (6);
(f) Spraying concrete on the rock surface of the inner wall of the cavity (2) to seal surrounding rock;
(g) Backfilling the space between the reinforced concrete layer (6) and the inner wall of the cavity (2) with concrete through a concrete spray pipe (9);
(h) After backfilling is finished, when the concrete is solidified to early strength, an anchor rod (3) is applied from the positioning pipe (10), and the anchor rod (3) extends into the stratum of the cavity (2).
2. A method of supporting an in-hole collapse section according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (g), the gap part between the backfilled concrete and the rock surface of the inner wall of the cavity (2) is backfilled and compacted by adopting cement mortar.
3. A method of supporting an in-hole collapse section according to claim 1, wherein: the concrete spray pipes (9) in the step (d) are provided with a plurality of concrete spray pipes, and different concrete spray pipes (9) have different heights;
and (3) backfilling the concrete in the step (g) from low to high in layers according to the furnishing positions of the reserved concrete spray pipes (9).
4. A method of supporting an in-hole collapse section according to claim 1, wherein: after closing the surrounding rock in step (f), further comprising placing a stone block (12) on the outer surface of the reinforced concrete layer (6).
5. A method of supporting an in-hole collapse section according to claim 1, wherein: after the surrounding rock is sealed in the step (f), the method further comprises the step of applying anchor rods (11) from the upright parts on two sides of the steel arch (1) towards the side wall direction of the cavity (2), wherein one ends of the anchor rods (11) extend into rock strata of the cavity (2), and the other ends of the anchor rods are welded with the steel arch (1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710316534.9A CN106894826B (en) | 2017-05-08 | 2017-05-08 | Supporting structure and supporting method for collapse section in hole |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710316534.9A CN106894826B (en) | 2017-05-08 | 2017-05-08 | Supporting structure and supporting method for collapse section in hole |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106894826A CN106894826A (en) | 2017-06-27 |
| CN106894826B true CN106894826B (en) | 2024-02-23 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107313790A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-11-03 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of symmetrical trouble hole supporting construction and its construction method |
| CN108035736A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-15 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of quick method and structure for solving tunnel and collapsing |
| CN109441479B (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2021-03-09 | 北京市城远市政工程有限责任公司 | Collapse treatment method for underground excavation tunnel |
| CN110004954A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-12 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Intratectal anchor caverns structure and its construction method |
| CN113062755B (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2023-07-11 | 中国水利水电夹江水工机械有限公司 | Arch frame welding method |
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