CN106894797B - Crank swing control device and method for oil pumping unit - Google Patents
Crank swing control device and method for oil pumping unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN106894797B CN106894797B CN201710167122.3A CN201710167122A CN106894797B CN 106894797 B CN106894797 B CN 106894797B CN 201710167122 A CN201710167122 A CN 201710167122A CN 106894797 B CN106894797 B CN 106894797B
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
- E21B43/126—Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by drives outside the borehole, e.g. by a rotary or oscillating drive
- E21B43/127—Adaptations of walking-beam pump systems
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a crank swing control device and method of an oil pumping unit, which comprises a controller, a frequency conversion device, a motor and the oil pumping unit which are sequentially and electrically connected, wherein the motor is connected with a rotating speed sensor and an electric parameter acquisition module, the oil pumping unit is connected with a load sensor, a displacement sensor and a crank position sensor, and the rotating speed sensor, the electric parameter acquisition module, the load sensor, the displacement sensor and the crank position sensor are all connected to the controller. The invention realizes the pumping control between oil wells by controlling the swinging of the crank of the pumping unit, so that the working system of the pumping unit is in the optimal working state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mechanical mining system digital equipment, and particularly relates to a crank swing control device and method for an oil pumping unit.
Background
For low-yield and low-efficiency wells, the remote automatic intermittent pumping control of the oil well has certain problems: firstly, the liquid level fluctuation is large, and the yield is influenced. The fluctuation range of the working fluid level of the current interval pumping well is generally controlled to be 100-200 meters, through field tests, the influence on the yield is within 10 percent, and the smaller the fluctuation range of the working fluid level is controlled, the smaller the influence on the yield is. And secondly, the shaft is easy to wax deposition and overload to block the well, the pumping rod reciprocates up and down to prevent wax deposition in the oil pipe, the pumping process of the oil well is also a wax scraping process, and the wax deposition on the inner wall of the oil pipe is easy after the pumping is stopped. Thirdly, potential safety hazards exist, and when the pumping unit stops working and is started again, the automatic operation of equipment easily causes the injury of personnel and livestock.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crank swing control device and method of an oil pumping unit, which are used for overcoming the problems in the prior art, avoiding the large fluctuation range of a liquid level and playing a certain role in scraping wax and warning safety.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a crank swing controlling means of beam-pumping unit, is including controller, frequency conversion device, motor and the beam-pumping unit of electricity connection in proper order, be connected with speed sensor and electric parameter collection module on the motor, be connected with load sensor, displacement sensor and crank position sensor on the beam-pumping unit, speed sensor, electric parameter collection module, load sensor, displacement sensor and crank position sensor all are connected to the controller.
Furthermore, the load sensor is arranged between a rope hanger and a square clamp of the oil pumping unit, and when the oil pumping unit moves, the sensor bears the load of a suspension point of the oil pumping unit, so that the internal strain gauge deforms, and finally the internal strain gauge is converted into the load change of a polished rod of the oil pumping unit.
Further, the displacement sensor is installed below a walking beam of the oil pumping unit.
Further, the crank position sensor is mounted on the crank position of the oil pumping unit.
Furthermore, the rotation speed sensor, the load sensor, the displacement sensor and the crank position sensor are wirelessly transmitted with the controller.
A crank swing control method of an oil pumping unit comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the load sensor, the displacement sensor and the crank position sensor are used for acquiring the load, displacement and crank position data of the oil pumping unit, and the rotating speed sensor and the electric parameter acquisition module are used for acquiring the rotating speed and electric parameter data of the motor, so that the running state of the oil pumping unit is monitored;
step two: the controller analyzes and calculates according to the parameters measured in the first step, adaptively adjusts the working system of crank swing, calculates the operation and stop time of the motor, the rotating speed distribution and the current frequency distribution, and sends the calculated parameters to the frequency conversion device;
step three: the frequency conversion device controls the motor to operate, and further controls the crank of the oil pumping unit to swing.
Further, the second step specifically includes:
(a) Load and time, displacement and time curves are obtained through load and displacement data, a wellhead polished rod indicator diagram is further obtained, stroke loss of the well is obtained according to the polished rod indicator diagram, the stroke loss is the polished rod movement length, the pumping rod up-and-down movement is met, the oil well pump stops working, the polished rod movement length is converted into the maximum crank swing amplitude, and the crank swing position and the crank swing amplitude are preliminarily determined; the angle with one obvious swing sign < crank swing amplitude < stroke loss reduced crank swing angle;
(b) The controller sends an instruction to the frequency converter according to the crank swing position, the crank swing amplitude and crank position data collected in real time, and controls the rotating speed and the driving time of the motor to realize the initial control of the crank swing;
(c) In the swinging process, the controller calculates the power of the motor by collecting electric parameter data, obtains the optimal driving position of the crank according to the minimum value of the power in the swinging process, converts the optimal driving position into the operation and stop time of the motor, the rotating speed distribution and the current frequency distribution, and sends the calculated parameters to the frequency conversion device, thereby ensuring that the energy consumption is minimum and is only 10-15% of the normal operation.
Furthermore, the number of the data group points measured at equal time intervals in each stroke cycle is not less than 200.
Further, the crank swing position is preliminarily determined as the top dead center position in the step (a).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the device synchronously collects the rotating speed of a motor, the position of a crank and running electrical parameters in order to realize accurate swing running, realizes signal collection of a running state through a motor rotating speed sensor, a crank position sensor and an electrical parameter collection module, simultaneously adopts a controller to switch and control the whole-cycle running and the swing running, calculates the distribution of running power and speed during the swing running, adjusts the running speed in real time through a frequency converter according to the design of the swing running, finds the swing amplitude and the optimal driving position of the crank through energy consumption comparison, realizes the minimum energy consumption to control the swing of the crank, and avoids the problems of oil well liquid level fluctuation, shaft wax deposition, potential safety hazard and the like caused by well shut-down in the conventional oil well pumping process.
The method of the invention uses the crank swing control to replace the process of the conventional inter-pumping halt waiting, well avoids the problems of shaft wax deposition and potential safety hazard caused by well halt, realizes the automatic, safe and unattended inter-pumping operation of a well site, solves the problems of high difficulty, time and labor consumption of on-site manual inter-pumping management, and additionally realizes the underground intermittent oil production without the halt on the ground, can determine and adjust the operation parameters according to the liquid level recovery speed of an oil well, has short pumping halt time, controls the operation speed of a motor in a closed-loop manner according to the fullness degree of a power diagram, realizes the pumping operation of an oil pumping unit without the halt, adopts a system with two control modes of power frequency and frequency conversion, can realize the automatic switching between the power frequency and the frequency conversion, and does not influence the normal production due to the damage of equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a control method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a detailed structural diagram of the control device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of crank swing angle calculation;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of optimal driving position calculation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic of stroke loss reduced crank throw amplitude;
FIG. 7 is a graph of electrical parameters;
FIG. 8 is a graph of crank operation versus time.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 to 3, the crank swing control device of the oil pumping unit comprises a motor speed sensor, an electrical parameter acquisition module, an oil pumping unit load sensor, a displacement sensor, a crank position sensor, a frequency conversion device and an RTU controller.
Load sensors, displacement sensors, crank position sensors and the like collect data of the load, the displacement and the crank position of the oil pumping unit, and a motor rotating speed sensor and an electric parameter collecting module synchronously collect data of the rotating speed and the electric parameters of a motor at the same time, so that the running state of the oil pumping unit is monitored.
The RTU controller is a brain center for pumping control of the pumping unit during non-stop, and the RTU performs analysis and calculation according to the acquisition parameters, adaptively adjusts the working system of normal operation and non-stop crank swing of the pumping unit, and calculates the operation and stop time of the motor, the rotating speed of the motor and the frequency distribution of the power supply. The collection, intelligent analysis and parameter adjustment of the operation parameters of the pumping unit are realized.
The frequency converter is a main part for realizing frequency conversion speed regulation, receives a control instruction sent by the RTU, controls the rotating speed of the motor by controlling the frequency and the working time of a power supply to realize the pumping function between non-stop states, and can realize the soft start of the motor by a frequency conversion speed regulation technology without impact on a power grid. The protection circuit has the protection functions of overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, overcurrent protection, motor overload protection, frequency converter overheat protection, external fault protection and the like.
The invention collects the data of load, displacement and crank position of the oil pumping unit, synchronously collects the data of the rotating speed and electrical parameters of the motor, realizes the monitoring of the running state of the oil pumping unit, carries out analysis and calculation by the controller according to the parameters, adaptively adjusts the working system of crank swing, and calculates the running and stopping time of the motor, the rotating speed of the motor, the distribution of the rotating speed omega and the distribution of current frequency f. And the parameters are sent to a frequency conversion device, and the frequency conversion device controls the operation of the motor by controlling current frequency, working time and the like, so that the aim of controlling the swing of the crank is fulfilled. The specific process is as follows:
1. the load and displacement of the sucker rod of the pumping well are measured by a load sensor arranged on a wellhead rope hanger and a displacement sensor below a walking beam, load and time, displacement and time curves are collected, and the number of data set points is not less than 200 in one stroke cycle at equal time intervals. The acquired data is sent to the controller, a wellhead polished rod indicator diagram is obtained through calculation of the controller RTU, the stroke loss of the well can be obtained according to the polished rod indicator diagram, the stroke loss is equal to the sum of the deformation of the sucker rod and the deformation of the oil pipe, the stroke loss is the motion length of the polished rod, and the length meets the requirement that the sucker rod moves up and down and the oil well pump stops working. And converting the motion length of the polished rod into the swing amplitude of the crank, and preliminarily determining the swing position as the top dead center position and the swing amplitude of the crank.
2. A crank position sensor is arranged at the crank position of the oil pumping unit, the crank position is synchronously acquired, and data are sent to a controller RTU through a wireless transmission module. The known swing position is a top dead center position and a crank swing amplitude, and the RTU sends an instruction to the frequency converter according to real-time crank position data collected, controls the motor rotation speed and the driving time, and realizes primary control of crank swing. And a rotating speed sensor is arranged at the output end of the motor shaft, and the rotating speed of the motor output shaft is synchronously acquired and fed back to the controller RTU.
3. The electric energy acquisition module is further installed, in the swing process, three-phase current and voltage of the motor of the oil pumping unit are synchronously acquired through the voltage and current acquisition circuit, electric parameter data are acquired and sent to the three-phase electric energy quality analysis chip to calculate the power of the motor, the data are sent to the controller RTU, the RTU compares and searches for the minimum value of the power in the swing process, the optimal driving position is determined, and finally the operation and stop time of the motor, the rotating speed of the motor, the distribution of the rotating speed omega and the distribution of the current frequency f are converted. And the parameters are sent to a frequency conversion device, and the frequency conversion device controls the operation of the motor by controlling current frequency, working time and the like, so that the aim of controlling the swing of the crank is fulfilled.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples below:
referring to fig. 4, in order to realize accurate swing operation, the rotation speed, the crank position and the operation electrical parameter of the motor are synchronously acquired, the signal acquisition of the operation state is realized through an electrical parameter acquisition module, a motor rotation speed sensor and a crank position sensor, meanwhile, an intelligent controller switches and controls the whole-cycle operation and the swing operation, the distribution of the operation power and the operation speed is calculated during the swing operation, and the operation speed is adjusted in real time through a frequency converter according to the design of the swing operation.
Referring to fig. 6, firstly, the stroke loss of the oil well is calculated according to the polish rod indicator diagram, and then the crank swing angle is converted according to the stroke loss. If the actual stroke of one cycle is 2.5m, the stroke loss is 0.5m, and the stroke loss is the motion length of the polish rod, the motion length of the polish rod is not more than 0.5m, and the condition that the oil well pump stops working can be met only if the sucker rod moves under the length. The polish rod indicator diagram represents a stroke, the stroke comprises an up stroke and a down stroke, the stroke corresponds to 5m of polish rod operation, the crank rotates for a circle 360 degrees, the stroke loss is 0.5m and corresponds to 0.5m of polish rod operation, and the unidirectional maximum swinging angle of the crank is 36 degrees.
Referring to fig. 7, the voltage and current acquisition circuit in the electrical parameter acquisition module is used for synchronously acquiring the three-phase current and voltage of the motor of the pumping unit, acquiring electrical parameter data and sending the electrical parameter data to the three-phase power quality analysis chip to calculate the power of the motor, comparing and searching the minimum power value in the swinging process, generally appearing at the top dead center position, and preliminarily determining the swinging position as the top dead center position and the crank swinging amplitude.
Referring to fig. 5, the operation speed and the operation and stop time of the motor are converted according to the preliminarily determined swing position as the top dead center position and the crank swing amplitude. Because the balance states of each well are different, the minimum power value point in the swing process is not necessarily at the position of the upper dead point, further accurate judgment is needed, and the minimum power value point in the swing process is compared, so that the optimal driving position is determined.
And finally converting the running and stopping time of the motor, the rotating speed of the motor, the distribution of the rotating speed omega and the distribution of the current frequency f. And the parameters are sent to a frequency conversion device, and the frequency conversion device controls the motor to run by controlling the current frequency, the working time and the like, so that the aim of controlling the crank to swing is fulfilled.
The principle that the frequency converter controls the actual rotating speed of the three-phase asynchronous motor is shown as a formula (1):
n＝(1-s)60f/p (1)
in the formula 1, s is the slip ratio of the three-phase asynchronous motor, p is the number of pole pairs of the motor, f is the power supply frequency of the motor stator, when p is fixed, f is adjusted under the condition that the slip ratio does not greatly float, and n is in positive correlation change with the change of the slip ratio.
The operation system aims at meeting the requirements of small fluctuation range of the working fluid level and minimum influence on yield, combines the indicator diagram data collected in real time and carries out short-period control according to the fullness of the indicator diagram. As shown in fig. 8, when the time goes from 0 to t 1 In the whole cycle operation stage of the crank, the motor starts to decelerate to 0 after accelerating to reach the rated rotation speed, and the time is t 1 To t 2 In the process, in the crank swing operation stage, the motor starts to accelerate and then decelerates after reaching a certain set value, the motor starts to accelerate and then decelerates after reversing and reaching a certain set value, and the steps are repeated. Reaches t 2 And starting the next cycle operation at the moment.
The whole-week running is as follows: the motor efficiency is ensured to be highest by adopting the rated rotating speed of the motor.
Swinging operation: when the crank swings, the control target is that the energy consumption is minimum, namely, the swing angle and the optimal swing position of the crank are controlled to ensure that the power consumption of the system is minimum, and meanwhile, the obvious swing sign of the crank is met.
Claims (3)
1. A crank swing control method of an oil pumping unit is characterized in that the crank swing control device of the oil pumping unit is adopted, the crank swing control device of the oil pumping unit comprises a controller, a frequency conversion device, a motor and the oil pumping unit which are sequentially and electrically connected, the motor is connected with a rotating speed sensor for acquiring the rotating speed of the motor and an electrical parameter acquisition module for acquiring electrical parameter data of the motor, the oil pumping unit is connected with a load sensor for acquiring load data of the oil pumping unit, a displacement sensor for acquiring displacement data of the oil pumping unit and a crank position sensor for acquiring crank position data of the oil pumping unit, and the rotating speed sensor, the electrical parameter acquisition module, the load sensor, the displacement sensor and the crank position sensor are all connected to the controller;
the method for controlling the swinging of the crank of the oil pumping unit comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the load sensor, the displacement sensor and the crank position sensor are used for acquiring the load, displacement and crank position data of the oil pumping unit, and the rotating speed sensor and the electric parameter acquisition module are used for acquiring the rotating speed and electric parameter data of the motor, so that the running state of the oil pumping unit is monitored;
step two: the controller analyzes and calculates according to the parameters measured in the first step, adaptively adjusts the working system of crank swing, calculates the operation and stop time of the motor, the rotating speed distribution and the current frequency distribution, and sends the calculated parameters to the frequency conversion device;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) Load and time, displacement and time curves are obtained through load and displacement data, a wellhead polished rod indicator diagram is further obtained, stroke loss of the well is obtained according to the polished rod indicator diagram, the stroke loss is polished rod movement length, the polished rod movement length is converted into the maximum crank swing amplitude, and the crank swing position and the crank swing amplitude are preliminarily determined;
(b) The controller sends an instruction to the frequency converter according to the crank swing position, the crank swing amplitude and crank position data collected in real time, and controls the rotating speed and the driving time of the motor to realize the initial control of the crank swing;
(c) In the swinging process, the controller calculates the power of the motor by collecting electrical parameter data, obtains the optimal driving position of the crank according to the minimum power value in the swinging process, converts the optimal driving position into the operation and stop time of the motor, the rotating speed distribution and the current frequency distribution, and sends the calculated parameters to the frequency conversion device;
step three: the frequency conversion device controls the operation of the motor, and further controls the swinging of the crank of the oil pumping unit.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of data sets is not less than 200 points measured at equal intervals during each stroke cycle.
3. The pumping unit crank swing control method of claim 1, wherein the crank swing position is preliminarily determined as a top dead center position in the step (a).
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| CN201710167122.3A CN106894797B (en) | 2017-03-20 | 2017-03-20 | Crank swing control device and method for oil pumping unit |
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| CN201710167122.3A CN106894797B (en) | 2017-03-20 | 2017-03-20 | Crank swing control device and method for oil pumping unit |
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| CN106894797B true CN106894797B (en) | 2023-02-10 |
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| CN112855083A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-05-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Crank swinging device and method for pumping unit well without stopping |
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