CN107060695B - Beam-pumping unit energy-saving control system and method - Google Patents
Beam-pumping unit energy-saving control system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107060695B CN107060695B CN201611164936.3A CN201611164936A CN107060695B CN 107060695 B CN107060695 B CN 107060695B CN 201611164936 A CN201611164936 A CN 201611164936A CN 107060695 B CN107060695 B CN 107060695B
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
- E21B43/126—Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by drives outside the borehole, e.g. by a rotary or oscillating drive
- E21B43/127—Adaptations of walking-beam pump systems
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an energy-saving control system of a beam pumping unit, which comprises a controller, a frequency converter, a load sensor arranged on a wellhead rope hanger, a displacement sensor arranged below the beam, a rotating speed sensor arranged at the output end of a motor shaft and an electric parameter acquisition module arranged on the pumping unit. The beam pumping unit energy-saving control system provided by the invention provides the most reasonable control method according to the actual liquid outlet condition, and meets the fine control of the oil well in one stroke period through stroke frequency adjustment, intermittent pumping and follow-up control, thereby realizing the energy saving and consumption reduction of the oil well and reducing the loss of operation equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machine mining system digitization, and particularly relates to an energy-saving control system and method for a beam pumping unit.
Background
The existing beam pumping unit has the advantages of simple structure, firmness and durability, mature technology and the like, but the existing beam pumping unit has the inherent problems of eccentric wear of a rod pipe, multiple transmission links, small system efficiency lifting space and the like. Because the load of the pumping unit is an alternating load with impact, the current dragging motor of the pumping unit mainly adopts a three-phase asynchronous motor, and the motor is suitable for the working condition with unchanged load, thus causing mismatching between the motor and the load. The motor is operated under low load for a long time, the rated efficiency range cannot be reached, and the energy loss of the motor is high, so that the overall system efficiency level of the oil well is affected.
Aiming at the problems, a large number of digital pumping units are developed and popularized in long-day oil fields, and mainly comprise a pumping unit body, an intelligent control cabinet, a sensor, a balance adjusting device and the like, namely, on the basis of a conventional beam pumping unit, the digital pumping unit mainly has the functions of automatically collecting work diagrams and electric parameter data, automatically adjusting balance, automatically adjusting the stroke frequency (the degree of the stroke frequency directly influencing the electric energy consumption), automatically adjusting the rotating speed of a motor, remotely controlling and the like, still cannot meet the requirements of field application, has no good adaptability to low liquid amount and intermittent liquid outlet wells, and is controlled by taking a stroke period (a pumping period) as a minimum unit according to the self-adaptive control of actual stratum liquid outlet conditions, but does not realize the control and matching of the rotating speed of each point of the stroke period, and has not completely realized reasonable and efficient operation of the pumping unit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art, and the aims of improving the efficiency of the mechanical system and reducing the energy consumption are realized by controlling and matching the motor and the load at each point of each pumping period.
The invention provides an energy-saving control system of a beam pumping unit, which comprises a controller, a frequency converter, a load sensor arranged on a wellhead rope hanger, a displacement sensor arranged below the beam, a rotation speed sensor arranged at the output end of a motor shaft and an electric parameter acquisition module arranged on the pumping unit, wherein the load sensor is arranged on the wellhead rope hanger;
the controller comprises a wellhead collector, an RTU control unit, a display module and an operation unit, wherein the electric parameter collection module is used for obtaining real-time running state parameters of a pumping unit motor and sending the real-time running state parameters to the RTU control unit, the wellhead collector, the display module and the operation unit are all electrically connected with the RTU control unit, the load sensor and the displacement sensor are all electrically connected with the input end of the wellhead collector, the wellhead collector is used for collecting load electric signals and displacement electric signals, the output end of the electric parameter collection module and the output end of the rotation speed sensor are both connected with the input end of the RTU control unit, the output end of the RTU control unit is electrically connected with a frequency converter, and the frequency converter is electrically connected with the motor.
The output end of the rotation speed sensor is in wireless connection with the input end of the RTU control unit.
The real-time operating state parameters include power, current value, voltage value.
The invention also provides an energy-saving control method of the beam pumping unit, which uses the energy-saving control system of the beam pumping unit and comprises the following steps:
step 1), a load sensor and a displacement sensor acquire the load and the displacement of a sucker rod of a pumping unit respectively, and a polished rod indicator diagram is obtained by taking the displacement in a pumping period as an abscissa and the load as an ordinate;
the load and displacement electric signals are transmitted to a wellhead collector through a cable, and then are uploaded to an RTU control unit to be calculated and solved to obtain an oil pump indicator diagram;
step 2), the rotating speed sensor sends rotating speed electric signals to the RTU control unit, the electric parameter acquisition module acquires real-time running state parameters of the oil engine motor, and the motor power is uploaded to the RTU control unit;
step 3), the RTU control unit judges the working condition of the oil well, the effective stroke obtained by the oil pump indicator diagram, the state curve of the motor rotating speed and the motor power in one pumping period according to the polish rod indicator diagram, and judges which control strategy is suitable for the oil well to carry out the energy-saving control of the oil well: and (3) adjusting the stroke frequency and the follow-up control or the intermittent pumping and follow-up control, adjusting the stroke frequency or starting and stopping the pumping unit through an operation unit, calculating by an RTU control unit to obtain the motor rotation speed distribution and the current frequency f distribution, and sending the motor rotation speed distribution and the current frequency f distribution to a frequency converter to control the motor to run so as to realize energy saving.
The specific process for adjusting the stroke frequency is as follows: when the effective stroke obtained by the oil well pump indicator diagram is smaller than the corresponding amount of the oil well working condition, the stroke frequency is adjusted to be small, otherwise, the stroke frequency is adjusted to be large, the stroke frequency is adjusted to be 1% -5%, the average effective stroke in 3-4 hours after adjustment is compared with the average effective stroke in the equal time period before adjustment, and if the average effective stroke is unchanged, the stroke frequency can be continuously adjusted to be small or adjusted to be large until the liquid production amount is stable.
The intermittent pumping is suitable for the situation that the stroke frequency reaches the minimum value and cannot be adjusted to be small any more, the RTU control unit calculates the running and stopping time of the motor, and the operation unit starts and stops to realize energy saving.
The following control specific process comprises the following steps: the RTU control unit adjusts the motor power according to the initial state curve of the motor power and the motor rotating speed by changing the motor rotating speed, so that the motor power tends to be stable, and the motor rotating speed is realized by controlling the current frequency through the frequency converter.
The number of collected polished rod indicator diagrams and oil pump indicator diagrams is not less than 110 per day, and the measured load and displacement data in one pumping period is not less than 200.
And measuring at least 200 motor rotating speed data in one suction period.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the beam pumping unit energy-saving control system provided by the invention provides the most reasonable control method according to the actual liquid outlet condition, and meets the fine control of the oil well in one stroke period through stroke frequency adjustment, intermittent pumping and follow-up control, thereby realizing the energy saving and consumption reduction of the oil well and reducing the loss of operation equipment.
Further details will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an indicator diagram of an oil pump;
FIG. 3 is a graph of motor power and motor speed initial conditions;
fig. 4 is a target state curve.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the embodiment provides an energy-saving control system of a beam pumping unit as shown in fig. 1, which comprises a controller, a frequency converter, a load sensor arranged on a wellhead rope hanger, a displacement sensor arranged below the beam, a rotating speed sensor arranged at the output end of a motor shaft and an electric parameter acquisition module arranged on the pumping unit;
the controller comprises a wellhead collector, an RTU control unit, a display module and an operation unit, wherein the electric parameter collection module is used for obtaining real-time running state parameters of a pumping unit motor and sending the real-time running state parameters to the RTU control unit, the wellhead collector, the display module and the operation unit are all electrically connected with the RTU control unit, the load sensor and the displacement sensor are all electrically connected with the input end of the wellhead collector, the wellhead collector is used for collecting load electric signals and displacement electric signals, the output end of the electric parameter collection module and the output end of the rotation speed sensor are both connected with the input end of the RTU control unit, the output end of the RTU control unit is electrically connected with a frequency converter, and the frequency converter is electrically connected with the motor.
Example 2:
on the basis of embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a beam-pumping unit energy-saving control system, rotational speed sensor output and RTU control unit input wireless connection.
The real-time operating state parameters include power, current value, voltage value.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the load sensor arranged on the wellhead rope hanger and the displacement sensor below the walking beam are used for measuring the load and displacement of the sucker rod of the pumping unit, load and time, displacement and time curves are acquired, a polish rod indicator diagram is obtained, load and displacement electric signals are transmitted to the wellhead collector through cables, the wellhead collector is uploaded to the RTU control unit to calculate an oil-well pump indicator diagram, an electric parameter acquisition module is arranged on the pumping unit and used for synchronously acquiring three-phase current, voltage and motor power of a motor of the pumping unit, the electric parameter acquisition module is used for uploading the motor power to the RTU control unit, a rotating speed sensor is arranged at the output end of a motor shaft and synchronously acquiring the rotating speed of an output shaft of the motor, motor shaft rotating speed data is transmitted to the RTU control unit through a wireless transmission module, the RTU control unit is used for calculating the running and stopping time of the motor, the rotating speed of the motor, the omega distribution of the rotating speed and the f distribution of the current frequency, and the parameters are transmitted to the frequency converter, and the frequency converter is used for controlling the running of the motor through controlling the current frequency and the working time, so that the energy-saving control of the pumping unit is achieved.
The operation unit consists of a start button, a stop button, a reset button, a stroke frequency adjusting knob, a manual stroke frequency adjusting knob, a balance adjusting knob, a manual balance adjusting button and a direction conversion knob. The oil pumping machine has the function of performing on-site operation on the oil pumping machine, and realizing the functions of adjusting the stroke frequency, starting, stopping, steering and the like. The display module is used for displaying the operation parameters and the indicator diagram of the pumping unit.
Example 3:
on the basis of embodiment 1, the embodiment provides an energy-saving control method of a beam pumping unit, which comprises the following steps:
step 1), a load sensor and a displacement sensor acquire the load and the displacement of a sucker rod of a pumping unit respectively, and a polished rod indicator diagram is obtained by taking the displacement in a pumping period as an abscissa and the load as an ordinate;
the load and displacement electric signals are transmitted to a wellhead collector through a cable, and then are uploaded to an RTU control unit to be calculated and solved to obtain an oil pump indicator diagram;
step 2), the rotating speed sensor sends rotating speed electric signals to the RTU control unit, the electric parameter acquisition module acquires real-time running state parameters of the oil engine motor, and the motor power is uploaded to the RTU control unit;
step 3), the RTU control unit judges the working condition of the oil well, the effective stroke obtained by the oil pump indicator diagram, the state curve of the motor rotating speed and the motor power in one pumping period according to the polish rod indicator diagram, and judges which control strategy is suitable for the oil well to carry out the energy-saving control of the oil well: and (3) adjusting the stroke frequency and the follow-up control or the intermittent pumping and follow-up control, adjusting the stroke frequency or starting and stopping the pumping unit through an operation unit, calculating by an RTU control unit to obtain the motor rotation speed distribution and the current frequency f distribution, and sending the motor rotation speed distribution and the current frequency f distribution to a frequency converter to control the motor to run so as to realize energy saving.
As shown in fig. 2, the closing point of the down-stroke traveling valve and the opening point of the traveling valve are determined, and the distance between the two points is the effective stroke, and the filling degree of the oil well pump is reflected, so that whether the oil well supply and discharge are balanced or not can be judged, and the stroke frequency is adjusted.
The specific process for adjusting the stroke frequency comprises the following steps: when the effective stroke obtained by the oil well pump indicator diagram is smaller than the corresponding amount of the oil well working condition, the stroke frequency is adjusted to be small, otherwise, the stroke frequency is adjusted to be large, the stroke frequency is adjusted to be 1% -5%, the average effective stroke in 3-4 hours after adjustment is compared with the average effective stroke in the equal time period before adjustment, and if the average effective stroke is unchanged, the stroke frequency can be continuously adjusted to be small or adjusted to be large until the liquid production amount is stable.
The intermittent pumping is suitable for the situation that the stroke frequency reaches the minimum value and cannot be adjusted to be small any more, the RTU control unit calculates the running and stopping time of the motor, and the operation unit starts and stops to realize energy saving.
The following control specific process comprises the following steps: the RTU control unit adjusts the motor power according to the initial state curve of the motor power and the motor rotating speed by changing the motor rotating speed, so that the motor power tends to be stable, and the motor rotating speed is realized by controlling the current frequency through the frequency converter. As shown in fig. 3, the initial state curve of the motor rotation speed and power in one pumping cycle is shown, the output power of the motor is regulated by changing the motor rotation speed, the rotation speed in the high power area is reduced to reduce the output power, the rotation speed in the low power area is increased to increase the output power, the redistribution of the motor output power and the output torque is realized, the motor power is enabled to be stable, flat and low in absolute value, and the purpose of peak clipping and valley filling is achieved, namely, the target state curve (see fig. 4) is realized, and the core of the motor for achieving energy saving is realized.
When the average filling coefficient of the continuous three-day pump is lower than 50% (can be set), the stroke frequency is firstly adjusted, the motor running speed in one stroke period is optimized, the power follow-up control is carried out, the purpose of peak clipping and valley filling is achieved, if the stroke frequency reaches the minimum value, the average filling coefficient of the continuous three-day pump is still lower than 50%, the oil well intermittent pumping is carried out, the optimal intermittent time is determined, the motor running speed in one stroke period is optimized in the well opening process, and the power follow-up control is realized.
The frequency of load, time, displacement and time collection is determined according to the oil field output and liquid output rules, the frequency of each oil well to patrol a group of indicator diagram data is determined, the frequency of 10 minutes is suitable for low-yield wells, and the number of effective indicator diagrams collected in one day is not less than 110. The number of measured data groups in one pumping period is not less than 200. And measuring at least 200 motor rotating speed data in one suction period. The control matching of the motor and the load is realized, and the aims of improving the efficiency of the mechanical system and reducing the energy consumption are fulfilled.
The RTU control unit and the electric parameter acquisition module in the present invention are all in the prior art, and the methods and structures not described in detail in the above embodiments are common general knowledge in the industry, and are not described one by one.
The foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all designs that are the same or similar to the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An energy-saving control method of a beam pumping unit uses an energy-saving control system of the beam pumping unit, and the system comprises a controller, a frequency converter, a load sensor arranged on a wellhead rope hanger, a displacement sensor arranged below the beam, a rotating speed sensor arranged at the output end of a motor shaft and an electric parameter acquisition module arranged on the pumping unit;
the controller comprises a wellhead collector, an RTU control unit, a display module and an operation unit, wherein the electric parameter collection module is used for obtaining real-time running state parameters of a motor of the pumping unit and sending the real-time running state parameters to the RTU control unit; the wellhead collector, the display module and the operation unit are all electrically connected with the RTU control unit, the load sensor and the displacement sensor are all electrically connected with the input end of the wellhead collector, the wellhead collector is used for collecting load electric signals and displacement electric signals, the output end of the electric parameter collecting module and the output end of the rotating speed sensor are all connected with the input end of the RTU control unit, the output end of the RTU control unit is electrically connected with the frequency converter, and the frequency converter is electrically connected with the motor;
the output end of the rotation speed sensor is in wireless connection with the input end of the RTU control unit;
the real-time running state parameters comprise power, current value and voltage value;
the specific method comprises the following steps:
step 1), a load sensor and a displacement sensor acquire the load and the displacement of a sucker rod of a pumping unit respectively, and a polished rod indicator diagram is obtained by taking the displacement in a pumping period as an abscissa and the load as an ordinate;
the load and displacement electric signals are transmitted to a wellhead collector through a cable, and then are uploaded to an RTU control unit to be calculated and solved to obtain an oil pump indicator diagram;
step 2), the rotating speed sensor sends rotating speed electric signals to the RTU control unit, the electric parameter acquisition module acquires real-time running state parameters of the oil engine motor, and the motor power is uploaded to the RTU control unit;
step 3), the RTU control unit judges the working condition of the oil well, the effective stroke obtained by the oil pump indicator diagram, the state curve of the motor rotating speed and the motor power in one pumping period according to the polish rod indicator diagram, and judges which control strategy is suitable for the oil well to carry out the energy-saving control of the oil well: the stroke frequency and the follow-up control or the intermittent pumping and the follow-up control are adjusted, the stroke frequency is adjusted through an operation unit, the pumping unit is started and stopped, meanwhile, the RTU control unit calculates to obtain the motor rotation speed distribution and the current frequency f distribution, the motor rotation speed distribution and the current frequency f distribution are sent to the frequency converter, and the motor operation is controlled to realize energy saving;
the specific process for adjusting the stroke frequency is as follows: when the effective stroke obtained by the oil well indicator diagram is smaller than the corresponding amount of the working condition of the oil well, the stroke frequency is adjusted to be smaller by the operation unit, otherwise, the stroke frequency is adjusted to be larger by 1% -5%, the average effective stroke in 3-4 hours after adjustment is compared with the average effective stroke in the equal time period before adjustment, and if the average effective stroke is unchanged, the stroke frequency is continuously adjusted to be smaller or adjusted to be larger until the liquid yield tends to be flat;
the intermittent pumping is suitable for the situation that the stroke frequency reaches the minimum value and cannot be adjusted to be small any more, the RTU control unit calculates the running and stopping time of the motor, and the energy saving is realized by starting and stopping of the operation unit;
the following control specific process comprises the following steps: the RTU control unit calculates motor load torque Tm according to the initial state curve of motor power and motor rotation speed, calculates motor rotation speed distribution and current frequency f distribution according to motor load torque Tm and set impulse n, and sends the motor load torque Tm and the set impulse n to the frequency converter;
the number of collected polished rod indicator diagrams and oil pump indicator diagrams is not less than 110 per day, and the measured load and displacement data in one pumping period is not less than 200;
and measuring at least 200 motor rotating speed data in one suction period.
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| CN109826615A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2019-05-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Oil well energy saving production control system |
| CN108166950B (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2020-06-23 | 北京九尊能源技术股份有限公司 | Beam-pumping unit and energy-saving control method for beam-pumping unit |
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| CN114737923B (en) * | 2022-04-16 | 2023-07-07 | 盘锦辽河油田裕隆实业集团有限公司 | Crank positioning system of beam pumping unit |
| CN115126472B (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2023-01-06 | 大庆世佳石油设备股份有限公司 | Oil well electric parameter indicator diagram generation method and control system |
| CN115370333B (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2023-07-28 | 杭州前进齿轮箱集团股份有限公司 | Stepless speed changer control method under variable speed driving mode of oil pumping unit |
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