CN106894252A - 一种纺织品无水染色技术 - Google Patents

一种纺织品无水染色技术 Download PDF

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CN106894252A
CN106894252A CN201510963484.4A CN201510963484A CN106894252A CN 106894252 A CN106894252 A CN 106894252A CN 201510963484 A CN201510963484 A CN 201510963484A CN 106894252 A CN106894252 A CN 106894252A
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textile
dye
dyeing
aqueous dyeing
fiber
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苗大刚
姜绶祥
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Aqua Well Technology Co ltd
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Aqua Well Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN201510963484.4A priority Critical patent/CN106894252A/zh
Priority to EP16874612.1A priority patent/EP3392403A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/100499 priority patent/WO2017101552A1/zh
Priority to US16/063,432 priority patent/US20180371688A1/en
Publication of CN106894252A publication Critical patent/CN106894252A/zh
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    • D06P1/0004—General aspects of dyeing
    • D06P1/0016—Dye baths containing a dyeing agent in a special form such as for instance in melted or solid form, as a floating film or gel, spray or aerosol, or atomised dyes
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    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
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    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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    • D06B5/00—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating
    • D06B5/12—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length
    • D06B5/22—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length through fabrics
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    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/16—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dispersed, e.g. acetate, dyestuffs
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    • D06P1/34—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using natural dyestuffs
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种纺织品无水染色方法，包括以下步骤：以纺织面料为基底，以纯染料为镀覆材料，利用物理气相沉积技术将所述染料沉积到所述纺织面料的表面，所镀覆面料通过蒸化、热定型等后处理方式固色。本发明方案通过物理气相沉积技术，在纺织品表面沉积均匀致密的染料，经后整理固色来达到纺织品染色目的，不仅工艺简单方便，且整个生产过程无废水排放，染料利用率高，可操作性强，易于批量生产。

Description

一种纺织品无水染色技术
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织品印染及物理气相沉积技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种纺织品无水染色方法。
背景技术
传统纺织品染色技术是以水为载体，通过加温和助剂的作用使染料与纺织品结合，从而达到纺织品染色的目的。纺织品上的染料与载体水中的染料保持动态平衡，染色结束后，染色残液中还会剩余大量染料，同时染色时所加各种助剂也会部分保留在染色残液中；由于目前的废水处理技术成本较高，且不能完全解决印染废水问题，因此印染废水的排放一直是纺织行业节能减排的重点难点问题。
无水染色是当前研究的热点问题，目前已有超临界二氧化碳染色和真空染料升华染色等无水染色技术。超临界二氧化碳染色在设备清洗、染色均匀性、设备安全性、设备投资等方面还存在较多问题，推广难度大。真空染料升华染色存在升华染料只数少、升华速度控制困难、设备污染严重、染色设备要求高等问题，大大限制了其在纺织工业领域的推广应用。所以目前尚待更好的技术解决上述无污染纺织品染色领域里的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术尚存的技术难题，本发明提出了采用物理气相沉积技术进行纺织品无水染色，拓展了纺织品无水染色技术领域。物理气相沉积技术一种生成薄膜材料的技术，通过物理的方法把镀膜材料的原子或分子从表面离析出来镀覆到物体的表面上。物理气相沉积技术工艺过程简单，对环境改善，无污染，耗材少，成膜均匀致密，且与基体的结合力强。尽管物理气相沉积技术在航空航天、电子、光学、机械、建筑、轻工、冶金、新材料对领域有广泛的应用，但很难想象－至今没有人想到－物理气相沉积的现象可以用于布料的染色。然而，本发明通过实验发现，物理气相沉积可以将固体染料沉积到纺织面料上，实现无水染色的目的和要求。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
设计一种纺织品无水染色方法，其包括以下步骤：以纺织面料为基底，以纯染料为镀覆材料，利用物理气相沉积技术将所述染料沉积到所述纺织面料的表面，所镀覆面料通过蒸化、热定型等后处理方式固色。
本发明所述的纺织品无水染色方法，其中，在采用物理气相沉积技术进行染料镀覆时，采用以下步骤处理原料：
(一)染料准备：将块状、颗粒状或者粉末状纯染料放到烘箱里烘干去处多余水分。所述染料可选用天然染料或合成染料，一般为块状、颗粒状或者粉末状。
(二)布料准备：采用常规的染色前处理工艺,如退浆、漂白、去油等，对要进行染色的纺织进行预处理。其中，所述纺织布料可以是涤纶、醋酸纤维、锦纶、丙纶、氯纶、腈纶等合成纤维，以及棉、麻、丝、黏胶纤维等天然纤维面料，以及上述纤维的混纺织物。
(三)利用物理气相沉积技术将所述纯染料沉积到所述纺织面料的表面。具体操作将在下面具体实施方式中详细描述。
本发明的有益效果在于：通过物理气相沉积技术，在纺织品表面沉积均匀致密的染料，经后整理固色来达到纺织品染色目的，不仅工艺简单方便，且整个生产过程无废水排放，染料利用率高，可操作性强，易于批量生产。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：
图1是本发明较佳实施例的纺织品无水染色方法流程图。
图2是真空蒸镀技术染色示意图。
具体实施方式
涤纶面料分散染料无水染色具体工艺流程如下：
(1)分散染料镀覆材料制备：
将粉末状纯分散染料(江苏亚邦：分散红FB)放到恒温烘箱(BINDER FD 53 300C)，选择50℃烘干20分钟，去除染料中多余水分。
(2)采用常规的染色前处理工艺,如退浆、漂白、去油等，对要进行染色的纺织进行预处理。这个步骤是本领域常规操作技术，预处理要达到的要求也是通常的规范，在此不再赘述。
(3)涤纶面料镀覆：
选取15cm×15cm大小的去油经编涤纶白布(100％PET,DTY,50D/72F，100g/m2)，把烘干好的分散染料放到高真空电阻蒸发镀膜机中(北京泰科诺科技有限公司，ZHD-300M2)。启动镀膜机，抽真空到1.0×10-2Pa，调节电阻蒸发电流到42A左右，待电流稳定后，打开蒸发坩埚挡板进行染料镀覆。控制染料镀覆厚度在200nm左右，关闭蒸发坩埚挡板，之后关闭镀膜机，取出镀覆后的涤纶面料。
(4)着色涤纶面料固色：
把经步骤3制得的涤纶染色面料,用烘箱(BINDER FD 53 300C)处理进行固色。固色参数为：180℃，3分钟。
由于此方法制得的涤纶面料颜色渗透效果一般，颜色有明显正反面。如需得到正反面颜色差异较小的涤纶面料，需要把涤纶面料的背面重复步骤3一次。涤纶面料颜色的深浅由镀覆染料的厚度决定，可根据颜色深浅的不同要求调节镀覆染料的厚度。
经检测，由该实施方式制备的涤纶色布，具有较好的色牢度，能满足商品化纺织品的要求，实现了纺织品无水染色工艺。
应当理解的是，上述本发明的一个具体例是一个例子，而不是对本发明的限制。对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述的例子加以改进或变换，例如，对不同的材质布料和不同生产规模而进行的相应的调整和变化。所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种纺织品无水染色的方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：(a)将干燥的染料颗粒在一定温度下均匀地悬浮在一个有一定真空度的封闭的空间；(b)让待染色的布料在一定速度下通过该封闭的空间以便所述干燥的染料颗粒直接从空气的悬浮状态附着到布料的表面，从而达到染色效果，其中所述封闭的空间不含超临界二氧化碳。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纯染料，其主要包括天然染料和合成染料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纺织品无水染色的方法，其特征在于，所述染料为粉末状、颗粒状或块状。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纺织品无水染色的方法，其特征在于，所述纺织面料包括涤纶、醋酸纤维、锦纶、丙纶、氯纶、腈纶等合成纤维面料，以及棉、麻、丝、黏胶纤维等天然纤维面料，以及上述纤维的混纺织物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纺织品无水染色的方法，其中物理气相沉积技术主要有真空蒸镀、溅射镀膜、电弧等离子体镀、离子镀膜，及分子束外延等。
CN201510963484.4A 2015-12-17 2015-12-17 一种纺织品无水染色技术 Pending CN106894252A (zh)

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CN201510963484.4A CN106894252A (zh) 2015-12-17 2015-12-17 一种纺织品无水染色技术
EP16874612.1A EP3392403A4 (en) 2015-12-17 2016-09-28 WATER-FREE COLORING TECHNOLOGY FOR TEXTILES
PCT/CN2016/100499 WO2017101552A1 (zh) 2015-12-17 2016-09-28 一种纺织品无水染色技术
US16/063,432 US20180371688A1 (en) 2015-12-17 2016-09-28 Waterless staining technique for textile

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Application publication date: 20170627