CN106893821A - 采用特殊热处理工艺制造的滚动轴承 - Google Patents

采用特殊热处理工艺制造的滚动轴承 Download PDF

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CN106893821A
CN106893821A CN201510945215.5A CN201510945215A CN106893821A CN 106893821 A CN106893821 A CN 106893821A CN 201510945215 A CN201510945215 A CN 201510945215A CN 106893821 A CN106893821 A CN 106893821A
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outer ring
bearing
heating
heat
technology
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赵振荣
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QINGDAO SANTONGDE METAL PRODUCTS Co Ltd
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QINGDAO SANTONGDE METAL PRODUCTS Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62—Selection of substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/009—Pearlite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • C21D2221/01—End parts (e.g. leading, trailing end)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了机械制造领域的一种滚动轴承的热处理工艺，本热处理工艺主要针对由中碳钢(如55#或60#)或轴承钢制成的轴承零件外圈，通过高频或中频加热淬火来实现特殊热处理要求，热处理采用两次淬火的方法，热处理工艺包括以下步骤：整体热处理、感应热处理和回火稳定组织，为提高轴承主要受力磨损面滚道的强度，对外圈滚道局部进行热处理，对于承受轴向受力的轴承，可对外圈滚道和一个端面同时进行热处理，提高摩擦面的抗压强度和滚动接触疲劳寿命。本发明具有产品质量高、工艺简单和成本低等优点。

Description

采用特殊热处理工艺制造的滚动轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种轴承制造工艺，具体地说，本发明涉及一种中碳钢或轴承钢轴承外圈热处理工艺。
技术背景
轴承是工业设备领域中常用的传动部件，广泛应用于各种设备中，根据应用场合的不同，轴承应具有长寿命、高精度、高刚性、低噪音、高耐磨性等特性，在工程机械行业，如叉车、堆高机和挖掘机等机械设备，还要求承受冲击载荷。本发明是应这些行业的特殊要求，开发的一种滚轮轴承，制造时采用了特殊的热处理工艺，使轴承外圈的滚道面以及一个端面具有高硬度，以保证耐磨性以及径向和轴向的承载能力，而心部和外径面是低硬度，既保证了韧性，又能防止外径面伤害摩擦轨道。硬度的渐变过程使轴承在受冲击时具有缓冲能力。该项目在研究过程中发现采用中碳钢代替轴承钢生产能达到更理想的效果，既满足了客户的要求又降低了成本。
发明内容
本发明为克服现有技术的不足，提供一种工艺简单、生产成本低的滚动轴承的热处理工艺。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种滚动轴承的热处理工艺，所述滚动轴承包括外圈、内圈、滚动体和保持架，滚动体为钢球或滚子，所述的热处理工艺为局部热处理，热处理部件为外圈，热处理工艺包括以下步骤：
(1)整体热处理调质
轴承外圈在加热炉内初次调质处理，回火温度为500-550℃；达到技术效果：轴承外圈整体硬度HRC25-40，获得回火索氏体；
(2)感应热处理
热处理对象：外圈滚道或滚道和外圈端面
感应热处理的加热方式为电磁感应局部表面加热，电磁感应圈贴近轴承外圈内壁或端面，电磁感应圈的外形与轴承外圈内壁滚道或端面相一致，根据产品硬化层深度的要求选择相应频率的高频电源，给感应圈通入高频电流，对外圈滚道或端面进行感应加热，加热一定时间达到淬火温度后，轴承外圈立即落入淬火介质中冷却，通过调节加热时间、空冷时间(热传递时间)以及输出功率之间的关系来控制淬硬层和过渡层的深度；硬化层硬度＞HRC58，由滚道向外深度2-4mm；过渡区4-6mm；
(3)回火稳定组织
轴承外圈感应淬火后，及时回火，稳定组织。
加热源采用电磁感应加热，高频、超音频或中频电源通过电磁感应线圈对轴承的外圈内滚道进行局部加热，电磁感应加热便于温度控制调节。
与现有技术相比，本发明有以下有益效果：产品质量高；工艺简单；成本低。
具体实施方式
一种滚动轴承的热处理工艺，所述滚动轴承包括外圈、内圈、滚动体和保持架，滚动体为钢球或滚子，所述的热处理工艺为局部热处理，热处理部件为外圈，热处理工艺包括以下步骤：
(1)整体热处理调质
轴承外圈在加热炉内初次调质处理，回火温度为500-550℃；达到技术效果：轴承外圈整体硬度HRC25-40，获得回火索氏体；
(3)感应热处理
热处理对象：外圈滚道或滚道和外圈端面
感应热处理的加热方式为电磁感应局部表面加热，电磁感应圈贴近轴承外圈内壁或端面，电磁感应圈的外形与轴承外圈内壁滚道或端面相一致，根据产品硬化层深度的要求选择相应频率的高频电源，给感应圈通入高频电流，对外圈滚道或端面进行感应加热，加热一定时间达到淬火温度后，轴承外圈立即落入淬火介质中冷却，通过调节加热时间、空冷时间(热传递时间)以及输出功率之间的关系来控制淬硬层和过渡层的深度；硬化层硬度＞HRC58，由滚道向外深度2-4mm；过渡区4-6mm；
(3)回火稳定组织
轴承外圈感应淬火后，及时回火，稳定组织。
加热源采用电磁感应加热，高频、超音频或中频电源通过电磁感应线圈对轴承的外圈内滚道进行局部加热，电磁感应加热便于温度控制调节。

Claims (2)

1.一种滚动轴承的热处理工艺，所述滚动轴承包括外圈、内圈、滚动体和保持架，滚动体为钢球或滚子，其特征在于，所述的热处理工艺为局部热处理，热处理部件为外圈，热处理工艺包括以下步骤：
(1)整体热处理调质
轴承外圈在加热炉内初次调质处理，回火温度为500-550℃；保温3小时；冷却方式：油冷；使得轴承外圈整体硬度达到HRC25-40，获得回火索氏体；
(2)感应热处理
热处理部位：外圈滚道或外圈端面感应热处理的加热方式为电磁感应局部表面加热，电磁感应圈贴近轴承外圈内壁或端面，电磁感应圈的外形与轴承外圈内壁滚道或端面相一致，根据产品硬化层深度的要求选择相应频率的高频电源，给感应圈通入高频电流，对外圈滚道或端面进行感应加热，加热一定时间达到淬火温度后，轴承外圈立即落入淬火介质中冷却，通过调节加热时间、空冷时间、热传递时间以及输出功率之间的关系来控制硬化层和过渡层的深度；硬化层硬度＞HRC58，由滚道向外深度4mm；过渡区4-6mm；感应加热温度：800～850℃；保温时间：20～30分钟；冷却方式：水冷；
(3)回火稳定组织轴承外圈感应淬火后，及时回火，稳定组织；
回火温度180℃～200℃，保温时间40～50分钟；冷却方式：风冷。
2.根据权利要求1所述滚动轴承的热处理工艺，其特征在于，所述外圈的材质为60#中碳钢。
CN201510945215.5A 2015-12-17 2015-12-17 采用特殊热处理工艺制造的滚动轴承 Pending CN106893821A (zh)

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