CN106893579A - 一种具有聚集诱导发光性质的荧光探针及制备方法与用途 - Google Patents
一种具有聚集诱导发光性质的荧光探针及制备方法与用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于荧光探针的技术领域,公开了一种具有聚集诱导发光性质的荧光探针及制备方法与用途。所述荧光探针其结构式如式I所示,其中,R1,R2独立的为氢、C1‑18烷基、卤素、C1‑18烷基氧基、C1‑18烷基硫基、芳基或杂芳基;R6为直链、C1‑6亚烷基;R3,R4,R5为C1‑30烷基、C1‑18烷基氧基、C1‑18烷基硫基、芳基或杂芳基;A‑为碘离子。所述荧光探针具有聚集诱导发光性质,对水溶性阴离子聚合物具有高选择性和高灵敏度,可用于检测水溶性阴离子聚合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于荧光探针的技术领域,涉及一种具有聚集诱导发光性质和离子取代协同作用的荧光探针及其制备方法与在水溶性阴离子聚合物检测方面的用途,尤其涉及其在检测肝素中的用途。
背景技术
肝素是一种带高密度负电荷的硫酸化多糖,可以和多种具有不同功能的生物学上重要的蛋白质进行结合。例如其可以和抗凝血酶相互作用,从而实现抗凝血功能,在临床上常用作抗凝血剂。然而,过量的肝素可诱导严重的并发症,例如出血和血小板减少,因此,开发一种灵敏且可定量检测肝素以了解其正常和病理功能的方法是非常重要的。荧光探针用于检测肝素已在高选择性,操作简便等方面显示出巨大优势,然而,在紧密包裹的静电络合物中它们的荧光发射有发生聚集诱导猝灭(ACQ)的缺点。因此难以用这类ACQ荧光探针定量检测肝素。开发无自猝灭缺点的荧光探针用于定量检测肝素是非常必要的。
近年来,基于分子内运动受限的聚集诱导发光(AIE)探针相对于自猝灭荧光探针拥有大的斯托克斯位移,优良的信噪比等显著的优势,成为了新一代的荧光生物探针。具有AIE性质的衍生物被开发用于定量和点亮检测肝素,与自猝灭型荧光探针相比有显著的优势。然而,这些荧光探针具有复杂的合成步骤和有限的灵敏度。因此提供一种超灵敏性且易于制备的AIE探针具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质和离子取代协同作用的荧光探针。
本发明的又一目的是提供上述荧光探针的制备方法以及其在检测水溶性阴离子聚合物中的用途。
本发明目的基于如下技术方案实现:
一种具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质和离子取代协同作用的荧光探针,其结构式如式I所示:
其中,R1,R2独立的为氢、C1-18烷基、卤素、C1-18烷基氧基、C1-18烷基硫基、芳基或杂芳基;R6为直链、C1-6亚烷基;R3,R4,R5为C1-30烷基、C1-18烷基氧基、C1-18烷基硫基、芳基或杂芳基;A-为碘离子;
所述的芳基指具有6-20个碳原子的单环或多环芳族基团,优选为苯基、萘基、蒽基或芘基;
所述的杂芳基指具有2-20个碳原子、1-4个选自N、S、O杂原子的单环或多环杂芳族基团,代表性的杂芳基包括:吡咯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、咪唑基、噻唑基、吲哚基、氮杂萘基、氮杂蒽基、氮杂芘基。
所述R1,R2独立的优选为氢、C1-6烷基、卤素、C1-6烷基氧基、C1-6烷基硫基。
所述R3,R4,R5中至少一个为C1-30烷基,优选为C1-16烷基,更优选为C4-8烷基;而另两个基团为C1-8烷基,更优选为C4-6烷基。
R1~R6相互独立。
所述R6为亚甲基即所述荧光探针如下通式(Ia):
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、A-如上述所定义(即式I中R1~R5和A-所定义)。
又优选的,式Ia中,R1为氢,R2为氢,R3、R4、R5为丁基,A-为碘离子,
此时荧光探针为:
三丁基(4-羟基-3-(4-氧代-3,4-二氢喹唑啉-2-基)苄基)膦碘化物,结构式如下:
上述具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质和离子取代协同作用的荧光探针的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
在有机溶剂中,将式II化合物与式III化合物在碘单质的催化氧化下进行反应,后续处理,得到荧光探针即式I化合物;
所述式II化合物结构为所述式III化合物的结构为其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6如上述所定义即式I化合物结构中各基团的定义,B-为阴离子,优选为卤离子、高氯酸根离子、硫酸根离子、硝酸根离子、六氟磷酸根离子。即式II化合物R2~R6和式III化合物结构中的R1与式I化合物中相关基团的定义相同;式II化合物中B-为阴离子。
所述式II化合物:式III化合物:碘单质的摩尔比为1:(0.8~1.2):(0.8~1.5),摩尔比优选为1:1:1。
所述反应的温度为60~90℃,优选为78℃;所述反应时间为5~10小时,优选为6小时。
所述有机溶剂为乙醇、甲醇、四氢呋喃等常见有机溶剂,优选为乙醇。
所述后续处理是指产物需进行去除碘单质、洗涤、干燥,重结晶;
所述干燥温度为20~60℃,优选为40℃;所述重结晶是指使用良溶剂和不良溶剂的混合溶剂对干燥后的产物进行重结晶,所述良溶剂为二氯甲烷或氯仿等,所述不良溶剂为石油醚或正己烷等,优选为二氯甲烷与正己烷进行重结晶。
所述制备荧光探针的反应方程式如下:
所述式II化合物是由式IV化合物与式V化合物反应得到;具体是将式IV化合物与式V化合物在有机溶剂中反应,干燥,得到式II化合物。
所述式IV化合物的结构式为所述式V化合物的结构式为其中,R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、B-如上述所定义即式II化合物结构中各基团的定义。即R2~R6以及B-与式II化合物中相关基团的定义相同
所述式IV化合物:式V化合物的摩尔比为1:(1~3),优选为1:2;所述反应的温度为30~80℃,优选为70℃;所述反应的时间为1~12小时,优选为10小时;所述干燥的温度为20~60℃,优选为40℃。
所述的反应具体是指先回流反应再降至室温反应。回流反应的时间为0.5~10h。
所述制备式II化合物的反应方程式如下:
本发明所述的式I化合物其结构中包含2-(2-羟基苯基)喹唑啉-4(3H)-酮(HPQ)分子骨架,HPQ分子骨架由于激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)和分子内运动受限(RIM)机理具有典型的聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质,其分子内的六元环氢键和连接喹喔啉酮单元和取代苯单元的C-C单键,在聚集态时分子结构排列紧密,抑制分子内C-C单键的旋转,且避免了分子内氢键受外界溶剂体系干扰。含有正电荷的式I化合物与含有密集负电荷的水溶性阴离子聚合物之间通过静电相互作用形成复合物来限制式I化合物的分子内运动并防止体系中水对式I化合物的分子内氢键的破坏。利用式I化合物中的碘离子在99%水含量时由于重原子效应对于化合物I的猝灭效应,通过聚集诱导发光性质和离子取代协同作用,本发明利用含有密集负电荷的水溶性阴离子聚合物有效的取代了式I化合物中的碘离子,使得由于碘离子的荧光猝灭得以克服,进而提供了一种“点亮”检测型荧光探针用于检测富含负电荷的阴离子水溶性聚合物。即所述的荧光探针用于检测阴离子水溶性聚合物。
所述的水溶性阴离子聚合物优选为富含阴离子的多糖,更优选为磺酸化的多糖,包括肝素。
本发明所述的化合物与水溶性阴离子聚合物形成复合物,实现对待检测物质的“点亮”检测,具有灵敏高效的优点。在一定浓度范围内的水溶性阴离子聚合物中,式I化合物的荧光强度增加比值随着待检测物的浓度增加呈现线性关系,因此可通过荧光强度增加比值实现对待检测物的定量分析。
本发明还提供了一种检测水溶性阴离子聚合物的方法,包括在水溶性阴离子聚合物的溶液中加入本发明所述的式I化合物,在荧光下观察或检测荧光光谱。
本发明至少具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明所述的化合物针对水溶性阴离子聚合物的检测灵敏高效,如对于肝素的检测限(3δ/S)为22nM,且不需要氯仿等有毒试剂的萃取、浓缩,可以直接原位进行检测,操作十分方便。
2、本发明所述化合物制备简单。
附图说明
图1为荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I的结构图:(A)为荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I的分子结构示意图,(B)为荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I晶体结构示意图;
图2中A为在不同含量(0-14μM)的肝素中荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I的荧光发射光谱;
图2中B为荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I在501nm处的荧光强度与未加肝素时的荧光强度的比值随肝素浓度(0-14μM)的变化曲线;λex=330nm,内部方程为线性回归方程;
图3为荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I的绝对量子产率(即荧光量子产率)随肝素浓度的变化曲线;
图4为在不同水溶性阴离子聚合物、生物大分子及离子中荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I在501nm处的荧光强度与HPQ-TBP-I在水中的荧光强度的比值柱状图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明作进一步地具体详细描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此,对于未特别注明的工艺参数,可参照常规技术进行。
实施例1
按照如下合成路线,具体合成以下化合物:
(1)三丁基(3-甲酰基-4-羟基苄基)膦(化合物3)的合成:
在回流条件下将5-(氯甲基)-2-羟基水杨醛(化合物1)(340mg,2mmol)和三丁基膦(化合物2)(740μL,3mmol)加入到THF中回流搅拌1小时(回流的温度为70℃),然后冷却到室温后继续反应10小时,得到白色的固体沉淀,过滤沉淀并在真空下干燥(干燥的温度为40℃),得到化合物3,产率为72%(535mg);
(2)荧光探针三丁基(4-羟基-3-(4-氧代-3,4-二氢喹唑啉-2-基)苄基)膦碘化物(HPQ-TBP-I)的合成:
三丁基(3-甲酰基-4-羟基苄基)膦(372mg,1mmol)、2-氨基苯甲酰胺(化合物4)(136mg,1mmol)和碘单质(254mg,1mmol)在乙醇中回流6小时,反应完成后加入饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液除去多余的碘单质,产生的沉淀用水和乙醇分别洗涤,干燥剩余固体后用二氯甲烷和正己烷(二氯甲烷与正己烷的体积比为1:1)重结晶,干燥,得到浅绿色固体,即为三丁基(4-羟基-3-(4-氧代-3,4-二氢喹唑啉-2-基)苄基)膦碘化物(HPQ-TBP-I),产率为28%(162mg)。
荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I的结构图如图1所示,其中(A)为荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I的分子结构示意图,(B)为荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I晶体结构示意图。通过核磁氢谱,碳谱,质谱和晶体结构分析,我们可以确认得到了所述的化合物HPQ-TBP-I。
核磁氢谱:1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ8.49(s,1H),8.06(dd,J1=8Hz,J2=1Hz,1H),7.64-7.67(m,1H),7.57(d,J=8Hz,1H),7.46(dt,J1=8.5Hz,J2=2Hz,1H)7.35-7.38(m,1H),6.95(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.41(s,1H),4.39(s,1H),2.33-2.39(m,6H),1.52-1.56(m,6H),1.42-1.48(m,6H),0.90(t,J=7Hz,9H)。
核磁碳谱:13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz):161.8,161.4,152.9,145.3,135.3,134.9,128.5,127.1,126.6,125.5,120.8,119.7,118.3,113.0,26.4,26.0,24.0,23.9,23.7,23.7,19.1,18.7,13.4。
质谱:HRMS(MALDI-TOF):m/z[M-I]+预测值C27H38N2O2P,453.2665,实测值,453.2684。
晶体数据:C27H38IN2O2P·H2O,MW=598.48,monoclinic,P 21/c,a=24.2819(6),b=9.3561(2),β=90.908(2),Z=8,DC=1.377g/cm3,μ=1.193mm-1(MoKα,λ=0.71073),F(000)=2464.0,T=99.99(10)K,2θmax=25.0°(98.6%),21142collected reflections,11155independent reflections(Rint=0.0370),GOF on F2=1.000,R1=0.0702,wR2=0.0954(all data),Δe 0.69 and
实施例2:肝素的检测
将30μL实施例1制备的荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I的DMSO(10mM)母液加入2.970mL含有不同含量肝素(Heparin)的纯水中(肝素的含量为0-14μM),漩涡震荡10s,用荧光分光计测定荧光(激发波长330nm)。测试结果如图2和3所示。
荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I通过与肝素通过静电相互作用形成复合物来限制分子内运动并防止体系中水对化合物的分子内氢键的破坏作用,实现对肝素的点亮。
图2中A为不同含量(0-14μM)的肝素中荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I的荧光发射光谱,图2中B为荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I在501nm处的荧光强度与未加肝素时的荧光强度的比值随肝素浓度(0-14μM)的变化曲线,λex=330nm,内部方程为线性回归方程。
图3为荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I的绝对量子产率(即荧光量子产率)随肝素浓度(0-14μM)的变化曲线。从图中可以看出荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I的绝对量子产率从1.0%增加至12.5%,这是由于荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I与肝素通过静电作用形成复合物限制了荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I的运动,同时保护了其分子内氢键并通过离子取代的协同作用有效的降低了碘离子的荧光猝灭效应。
实施例3:不同水溶性阴离子聚合物及离子的检测
将30μL实施例1制备的HPQ-TBP-I的DMSO(10mM)母液加入2.970mL含有不同水溶性阴离子聚合物(如肝素(Hep)、硫酸软骨素(ChS)等)、生物大分子(如猪血红蛋白(PHB)、胎牛血清(BSA)、透明质酸(HA)等)及离子(如:Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Cl-,PO4 3–,SO4 2–)的纯水中,漩涡震荡10s,用荧光分光计测定荧光(激发波长330nm)。测试结果如图4所示。
图4为在不同水溶性阴离子聚合物、生物大分子及离子中荧光探针HPQ-TBP-I在501nm处的荧光强度与HPQ-TBP-I在水中的荧光强度的比值柱状图。结果表明该探针对于含有磺酸根的水溶性阴离子聚合物如肝素、硫酸软骨素具有很好的识别效果,对于常见的生物大分子及离子如猪血红蛋白(PHB)、胎牛血清(BSA)、Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Cl-,PO4 3–,SO4 2–响应较弱。
本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有聚集诱导发光性质的荧光探针,其特征在于:其结构式如式I所示:
其中,R1,R2独立的为氢、C1-18烷基、卤素、C1-18烷基氧基、C1-18烷基硫基、芳基或杂芳基;R6为直链、C1-6亚烷基;R3,R4,R5为C1-30烷基、C1-18烷基氧基、C1-18烷基硫基、芳基或杂芳基;A-为碘离子。
2.根据权利要求1所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的荧光探针,其特征在于:所述的芳基指具有6-20个碳原子的单环或多环芳族基团;
所述的杂芳基指具有2-20个碳原子、1-4个选自N、S、O杂原子的单环或多环杂芳族基团。
3.根据权利要求1所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的荧光探针,其特征在于:所述R1,R2独立的为氢、C1-6烷基、卤素、C1-6烷基氧基、C1-6烷基硫基;
所述R3,R4,R5中至少一个基团为C1-30烷基,另两个基团为C1-8烷基;
所述R6为亚甲基。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的荧光探针,其特征在于:
所述R1为氢,R2为氢,R3、R4、R5都为丁基,R6为亚甲基,A-为碘离子时,
所述荧光探针为三丁基(4-羟基-3-(4-氧代-3,4-二氢喹唑啉-2-基)苄基)膦碘化物,其结构式为:
5.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
在有机溶剂中,将式II化合物与式III化合物在碘单质的催化氧化下进行反应,后续处理,得到荧光探针即式I化合物;
所述式II化合物结构为所述式III化合物的结构为式II化合物R2~R6和式III化合物结构中的R1与式I化合物中相关基团的定义相同;式II化合物中B-为阴离子。
6.根据权利要求5所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述式II化合物:式III化合物:碘单质的摩尔比为1:(0.8~1.2):(0.8~1.5);
所述反应的温度为60~90℃;所述反应时间为5~10小时;
所述后续处理是指产物需去除碘单质、然后洗涤、干燥,重结晶。
7.根据权利要求5所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述式II化合物是由式IV化合物与式V化合物反应得到;
所述式IV化合物的结构式为所述式V化合物的结构式为其中,R2~R6以及B-与式II化合物中相关基团的定义相同。
8.根据权利要求7所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述式IV化合物:式V化合物的摩尔比为1:(1~3);所述反应的温度为30~80℃;所述反应的时间为1~12小时;所述干燥的温度为20~60℃。
9.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:所述的荧光探针用于检测水溶性阴离子聚合物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的水溶性阴离子聚合物为富含阴离子的多糖。
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WO2021175203A1 (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2021-09-10 | The Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology | Aie probe and application thereof |
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CN108410203A (zh) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-08-17 | 华东理工大学 | 基于聚集诱导发光近红外、大斯托克斯位移、光稳定的荧光染料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN108410203B (zh) * | 2018-03-21 | 2020-08-07 | 华东理工大学 | 基于聚集诱导发光近红外、大斯托克斯位移、光稳定的荧光染料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN108559008A (zh) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-09-21 | 浙江大学 | 一种具有聚集诱导发光特性的季铵化壳聚糖/肝素复合纳米荧光探针及其制备方法 |
CN108559008B (zh) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-11-13 | 浙江大学 | 一种具有聚集诱导发光特性的季铵化壳聚糖/肝素复合纳米荧光探针及其制备方法 |
CN109810103A (zh) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-28 | 齐鲁工业大学 | 一种具有聚集诱导发光效应的化合物及制备方法与应用 |
CN110132915A (zh) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-16 | 华南理工大学 | 一种聚集诱导发光探针及双重检测重金属离子污染物的方法 |
CN112394050A (zh) * | 2019-08-19 | 2021-02-23 | 中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所 | 一种高通量筛选酮类化合物的检测方法及其在酶筛选中的应用 |
WO2021175203A1 (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2021-09-10 | The Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology | Aie probe and application thereof |
CN111454293A (zh) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-07-28 | 华南理工大学 | 一种具有细菌和癌细胞逐次成像与杀灭功能的探针及其应用 |
CN111454293B (zh) * | 2020-03-03 | 2021-08-10 | 华南理工大学 | 一种具有细菌和癌细胞逐次成像与杀灭功能的探针及其应用 |
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