CN106884662B - Laser-assisted tunneling machine and rock breaking method thereof - Google Patents
Laser-assisted tunneling machine and rock breaking method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106884662B CN106884662B CN201710033902.9A CN201710033902A CN106884662B CN 106884662 B CN106884662 B CN 106884662B CN 201710033902 A CN201710033902 A CN 201710033902A CN 106884662 B CN106884662 B CN 106884662B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1073—Making by using boring or cutting machines applying thermal energy, e.g. by projecting flames or hot gases, by laser beams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1066—Making by using boring or cutting machines with fluid jets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/108—Remote control specially adapted for machines for driving tunnels or galleries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering and discloses a laser-assisted tunnel boring machine and a rock breaking method thereof. Two rock breaking modes: a laser-hob rock breaking mode and a hob rock breaking mode; the intelligent control system can realize the identification and conversion of two rock breaking modes, the laser-hob rock breaking mode is used in a hard rock section, the rock breaking efficiency can be improved, and the hob rock breaking mode is used in a soft rock section; the laser assisted rock breaking mode is mainly thermal breaking, a laser is adopted, a laser head is installed on a cutter head of the tunnel boring machine, a water spraying system is assisted, the purposes of laser irradiation thermal breaking, water spraying, rapid cooling, assisted rock breaking and mechanical rock breaking and excavation are achieved, the adaptability of the boring machine to complex geological conditions with hard and soft phases is improved by reasonably selecting the rock breaking mode, the rock breaking efficiency is improved, and the construction cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and relates to a laser-assisted tunnel boring machine and a rock breaking method thereof.
Background
At present, a tunneling machine method and a blasting method are two main modes of tunnel excavation, and for a conventional tunneling excavation method, a large cutter is utilized to shear, squeeze and crush rocks, and then broken stones are transported out through matched transportation equipment. The traditional excavator method has limitations on the geological conditions with uneven hardness, poor adaptability to different rock surfaces and use, and is accompanied with the abrasion of cutters, so that the excavation efficiency is reduced, and the construction cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that under variable geological conditions, a high-efficiency rock breaking mode can be selected, and the abrasion of a hob can be effectively reduced, so that the rock breaking efficiency is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a laser-assisted tunneling machine is characterized in that a laser, a water spraying system, a real-time monitoring system and an intelligent control system are additionally arranged on the basis of a traditional tunneling machine;
a laser: a cutter head of the tunnel boring machine is provided with a plurality of lasers, and a laser-hob rock breaking mode mainly for thermal breaking, melting and vaporization is formed; in order to ensure efficient auxiliary rock breaking, the laser is divided into multiple working types according to laser parameters (wave type, wavelength, intensity, pulse width, power density and the like), system comparison analysis is carried out according to rock breaking information collected by a monitoring system, and different lasers are switched aiming at different types and different intensities of rocks, so that the stratum adaptability of the tunneling machine is improved;
a water spraying system: the periphery of the laser is provided with a water spraying system in an auxiliary way, high temperature is generated by laser radiation, water is sprayed for cooling, and the rock is broken by tensile stress generated by instantaneous high temperature difference, so that the aims of laser irradiation heat cracking, quick cooling by water spraying for assisting rock breaking and mechanical rock breaking excavation are fulfilled;
the real-time monitoring system comprises: the system comprises an image visual module, a sensor module and an information acquisition module, and is used for realizing real-time synchronous acquisition of various types of data and timely judging different types and strengths of rocks in the tunneling process through the information acquisition module in order to ensure the safety of laser-assisted tunneling and timely change of a failure mode;
the intelligent control system comprises: various physical quantity signals output by the information acquisition module are conditioned and identified, so that the number and spatial layout of the lasers, the types of the lasers, the rock breaking mode and the rotating speed of the cutter head are intelligently changed, and the adaptability of the development machine to different geological conditions is improved.
A method for breaking rock of a laser-assisted tunnel boring machine comprises the following steps:
the laser-assisted tunnel boring machine comprises two rock breaking modes: the intelligent control system identifies data output by the information acquisition module, the cutter head driving device can realize identification and switching between two rock breaking modes, a complex stratum is divided into a hard rock section and a soft rock section, and the laser-hob rock breaking mode is used in the hard rock section, so that the rock breaking efficiency can be improved, and the cutter abrasion can be reduced; in a soft rock section, a hob rock breaking mode is adopted, so that the construction cost is reduced.
The invention has the advantages that: the adaptability of the tunneling machine to complex geological conditions with hard and soft phases is improved through the laser-assisted tunneling machine and the rock breaking method thereof; through intelligent selection rock breaking mode, both improved rock breaking efficiency, saved construction cost again.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the heading machine.
FIG. 2 is a section I-I of a hob rock breaking mode cutterhead.
FIG. 3 is a section I-I of a cutter head diagram of a laser-hob rock breaking mode.
In the figure: 1, drilling a bit; 2, cutting blades; 3, a laser; 4 a sensor subsystem; 5, converting the center;
6, an information acquisition module; 7 a drive device; 8, a screw conveyor; 9 a fiber grating sensor;
10, a cutter head; 11 water injection system.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the technical solutions and the accompanying drawings.
The traditional tunnel boring machine drives a cutter head 10 to rotate through a driving device 7, meanwhile, a propulsion oil cylinder of the boring machine is started to propel the tunnel boring machine forwards, the cutter head continuously rotates along with the forward propulsion of the propulsion oil cylinder, crushed stones which are sheared and extruded are sent to a belt conveyor through a screw conveyor 8, and then the crushed stones are conveyed out through the belt conveyor.
Set up laser 3 and water injection system 11 with blade 2 alternate distribution on blade disc 10 on traditional entry driving machine basis, wherein the laser instrument adopts fiber laser, there are multiple work types in order to adapt to the rock of different intensity through setting up different output, monitoring system through setting up sensor subsystem 4 and including pressure sensor, a weighing sensor and a temperature sensor, ultrasonic sensor etc. makes timely detection to the different geological conditions of tunnelling in-process, the data that information acquisition module 6 integrated different grade type sensor was gathered, then give intelligent control system with data real-time transfer, make the adjustment through drive arrangement 7 behind the intelligent control system identification information, thereby the quantity of laser instrument is changed to intelligence, the spatial layout and the work type of laser instrument.
For two rock breaking modes, namely a hob rock breaking mode graph 2 and a laser-hob rock breaking mode graph 3, in the advancing excavation process of the heading machine, the advanced detection of geology is carried out through a drill bit 1, the real-time monitoring of a sensor subsystem 4 and the pressure sensing of a fiber bragg grating sensor 9 on a spiral conveyor 8, and an intelligent control system controls a conversion center 5 through a driving device to select different rock breaking modes.
Claims (5)
1. A laser-assisted tunneling machine is characterized in that a laser, a water spraying system, a real-time monitoring system and an intelligent control system are additionally arranged on the tunneling machine;
a laser: a cutter head of the tunnel boring machine is provided with a plurality of lasers, and a laser-hob rock breaking mode mainly for thermal breaking, melting and vaporization is formed;
a water spraying system: a water spraying system is arranged around the laser, the laser radiation generates high temperature, the water spraying system cools, and the instantaneous high temperature difference is utilized to lead the rock to generate tensile stress and be crushed;
the real-time monitoring system comprises: the system comprises an image visual module, a sensor module and an information acquisition module, wherein the image visual module, the sensor module and the information acquisition module ensure the safety of laser-assisted tunneling and realize the conversion among failure modes;
the intelligent control system comprises: the signals output by the information acquisition module are conditioned and identified, flexible conversion between a laser-hob rock breaking mode and a hob rock breaking mode is realized, the number and spatial layout of lasers, the types of the lasers and the rotating speed of a cutter head are controlled, and the adaptability of the heading machine to different geological conditions is improved.
2. A laser assisted tunneling machine according to claim 1 wherein the cutterhead is provided with lasers and water injection systems spaced from the blades.
3. A laser assisted tunneling machine according to claim 1 or 2 wherein said laser employs a fiber laser.
4. A method of breaking rock using a laser assisted tunnel boring machine according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised by the steps of: the laser-assisted tunnel boring machine comprises two rock breaking modes: the intelligent control system identifies data output by the information acquisition module, the cutter head driving device realizes identification and switching between two rock breaking modes, a complex stratum is divided into a hard rock section and a soft rock section, and the laser-hob rock breaking mode is used in the hard rock section; in the soft rock section, a hob rock breaking mode is adopted.
5. A method of breaking rock using a laser assisted tunnel boring machine according to claim 3, characterised by the steps of: the laser-assisted tunnel boring machine comprises two rock breaking modes: the intelligent control system identifies data output by the information acquisition module, the cutter head driving device realizes identification and switching between two rock breaking modes, a complex stratum is divided into a hard rock section and a soft rock section, and the laser-hob rock breaking mode is used in the hard rock section; in the soft rock section, a hob rock breaking mode is adopted.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710033902.9A CN106884662B (en) | 2017-01-18 | 2017-01-18 | Laser-assisted tunneling machine and rock breaking method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710033902.9A CN106884662B (en) | 2017-01-18 | 2017-01-18 | Laser-assisted tunneling machine and rock breaking method thereof |
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| CN106884662A CN106884662A (en) | 2017-06-23 |
| CN106884662B true CN106884662B (en) | 2021-04-20 |
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