CN112065423A - Full-section laser tunneling method and system for polygonal-prism-shaped net-shaped oblique cutting - Google Patents

Full-section laser tunneling method and system for polygonal-prism-shaped net-shaped oblique cutting Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112065423A
CN112065423A CN202010810430.5A CN202010810430A CN112065423A CN 112065423 A CN112065423 A CN 112065423A CN 202010810430 A CN202010810430 A CN 202010810430A CN 112065423 A CN112065423 A CN 112065423A
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laser
cutting
polygonal
tunneling
rock
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文国军
吴玲玲
王玉丹
官东林
罗耀坤
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China University of Geosciences
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China University of Geosciences
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1073Making by using boring or cutting machines applying thermal energy, e.g. by projecting flames or hot gases, by laser beams
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/108Remote control specially adapted for machines for driving tunnels or galleries
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1093Devices for supporting, advancing or orientating the machine or the tool-carrier

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a full-section laser tunneling method and a full-section laser tunneling system for polygonal-prism-shaped net oblique cutting, which comprise the following steps of: beginning to perform rock stratum tunneling; adjusting laser process parameters and auxiliary gas parameters; setting the posture and the moving track of the mechanical arm; the laser drilling machine is driven by a mechanical arm to circularly cut an arched slot; judging whether the arch-shaped cutting seam needs to be partitioned or not; partitioning the arched cutting seam in a partitioning manner, and cutting the rock blocks of each partition in the arched cutting seam in a net-shaped inclined cutting manner by using a laser drilling machine to generate polygonal rock blocks; if the laser drilling machine does not divide the zones, the arched cutting seams are cut in a net-shaped inclined cutting mode to generate polygonal-prism rock blocks, and the polygonal-prism rock blocks are transported out of the adit; and if the rock stratum tunneling is not finished, repeating the steps, otherwise, finishing the rock stratum tunneling. The full-section laser tunneling method and system for polygonal-prism-shaped net oblique cutting provided by the invention have the advantages that the tunneling profile is clear and complete, overbreak and underexcavation cannot be generated, non-blasting type tunneling is realized, the damage to the surrounding environment is small, the structure is simple, the operation is simple and convenient, and the automation is easy to realize.

Description

Full-section laser tunneling method and system for polygonal-prism-shaped net-shaped oblique cutting
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser rock breaking, in particular to a full-section laser tunneling method and system for polygonal-prism-shaped net-shaped oblique cutting.
Background
The laser drilling machine becomes a research hotspot in the drilling field due to the characteristics of high efficiency, low pollution, easy automation and the like, but is influenced by the development of a high-power laser, and is applied to actual adit or tunnel tunneling for a long time, so that the corresponding drilling process is lacked. The method can fully utilize the flexibility and rapidity of hole forming of a laser drilling machine with complex tracks, can greatly improve the removal rate of rock and soil on a tunneling surface, has clear and complete tunneling contour, can not generate over-excavation and under-excavation and non-blasting tunneling, has small damage to the surrounding environment, simple structure, simple and convenient operation and easy realization of automation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a full-face laser tunneling method and system for polygonal-prism-shaped net oblique cutting, and solves the problem that a laser drilling machine is not applied to full-face tunneling in the prior art.
The invention provides a full-section laser tunneling method for polygonal-prism-shaped net oblique cutting, which aims to solve the technical problem and comprises the following steps:
s1, beginning to perform rock stratum tunneling;
s2, adjusting laser process parameters and auxiliary gas parameters according to the rock stratum condition;
s3, setting the posture and the moving track of the mechanical arm, wherein the posture and the moving track comprise an initial position, a moving speed, the repeated times of the movement along the track and a laser irradiation direction;
s4, the laser drilling machine is driven by the mechanical arm to circularly cut an arched cutting seam;
s5, judging whether the arch-shaped slot needs partitioning, if so, performing S6, otherwise, performing S7;
s6, partitioning the arched cutting seam, cutting the rock blocks of each partition in the arched cutting seam in a net-shaped inclined cutting mode through the laser drilling machine to generate polygonal-prism rock blocks, transporting the polygonal-prism rock blocks out of the adit or the tunnel, and entering the step S8;
s7, cutting the arched cut seams in a net-shaped inclined cutting mode through the laser drilling machine to generate a polygonal-prism rock block, transporting the polygonal-prism rock block out of a adit or a tunnel, and entering the step S8;
and S8, if the rock stratum tunneling is not finished, returning to the step S2, otherwise, ending the rock stratum tunneling.
Further, the full-face laser tunneling method for the polygonal-prism-shaped net oblique cutting is characterized in that the laser process parameters in the step S2 include laser energy density, spot size, irradiation distance, irradiation time, irradiation times, types of purge gas and flow rate.
Further, the full-face laser tunneling method for the polygonal-prism-shaped net oblique cutting is characterized in that the laser drilling machine emits high-energy laser to melt and gasify a slit on rock, the depth of the slit is determined by the laser energy density, the irradiation time, the irradiation distance and the irradiation times, the width of the slit is determined by the size of the light spot, and the tunneling depth is determined by the depth of the slit.
Further, the full-face laser tunneling method for the polygonal-prism-shaped oblique cutting is characterized in that the moving track of the mechanical arm in the step S3 is a straight track or a curved track.
Further, the full-face laser tunneling method for the polygonal-prism-shaped net oblique cutting is characterized in that in the step S4, the laser drilling machine comprises a laser, a gas auxiliary device, a laser head and a mechanical arm.
Further, the full-section laser tunneling method for the polygonal-prism-shaped oblique cutting is characterized in that the laser head is installed at the tail end of the mechanical arm, the mechanical arm is installed on a movable trolley, and a lifting platform is built on the trolley; the laser head is connected with the laser generator by using an optical fiber, and the optical fiber is used for transmitting high-energy laser to the laser head from the laser; the laser head with the arm uses the control line to be connected with main control system, main control system is used for control the laser head with the arm.
Further, the full-face laser tunneling method for polygonal-prism-shaped net oblique cutting is characterized in that in the step S6, the dividing of the arched cutting slit specifically comprises the following steps: laser walks horizontal and vertical slot at the suitable position of the rock, divides the big rock in the arch slot into a plurality of regions, and arm extension of the mechanical arm can be ensured to be reached when each region cuts the rock.
Further, the full-face laser tunneling method for the polygonal-prism-shaped net oblique cutting is characterized in that the step S6 is that the net oblique cutting specifically comprises the following steps: the laser drilling machine obliquely cuts the arched cutting seams along a first direction, the laser drilling machine obliquely cuts the arched cutting seams along a second direction, and the cutting process is repeated from top to bottom and from the middle to two sides at a certain interval.
Further, the invention discloses a full-section laser tunneling system for polygonal-prism-shaped net oblique cutting, which is characterized by comprising the following modules:
the rock stratum tunneling starting module is used for starting rock stratum tunneling;
the laser and auxiliary gas process parameter adjusting module is used for adjusting laser process parameters and auxiliary gas parameters of the laser drilling machine according to rock stratum conditions;
the mechanical arm moving track setting module is used for setting the posture and the moving track of the mechanical arm, and comprises an initial position, a moving speed and the repeated times of moving along the track;
the circular cutting module is used for circularly cutting an arched slot by the laser drilling machine under the driving of the mechanical arm;
the partition judging module is used for judging whether the arched cutting seam needs to be partitioned or not, if so, the arched cutting seam enters the partition cutting module, otherwise, the arched cutting seam enters the net-shaped oblique cutting module;
the partition cutting module is used for partitioning the arched cutting seam, and the laser drilling machine cuts the rock blocks of each partition in the arched cutting seam in a net-shaped inclined cutting mode to generate a polygonal-prism rock block and transports the polygonal-prism rock block out of the adit or the tunnel;
the net-shaped oblique cutting module is used for net-shaped oblique cutting of the arched cutting seam by the laser drilling machine to generate a polygonal-prism rock block, and the polygonal-prism rock block is transported out of the adit or the tunnel;
and the working progress judging module is used for judging the working progress of the rock stratum tunneling, if the working progress does not reach the tunneling depth, the laser and auxiliary gas process parameter adjusting module is returned, and if the working progress does not reach the tunneling depth, the rock stratum tunneling is ended.
Further, the full-face laser tunneling system for the polygonal-prism-shaped net oblique cutting is characterized in that the laser process parameters in the laser process parameter adjusting module comprise laser energy density, light spot size, irradiation distance, irradiation time, irradiation times, purging gas types and flow rate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a full-section laser tunneling method and a full-section laser tunneling system for polygonal-prism-shaped oblique cutting, which are designed according to the tunneling characteristics of a laser drilling machine and are used for realizing assistance for the laser drilling machine applied to adit or tunnel and tunnel tunneling early; the invention can flexibly create the free surface and realize the diversification of the shape of the free surface; the laser has little influence on the stratum when melting and gasifying the rock, and does not introduce drilling fluid and the like; the laser drilling machine is used for cutting the rock into the polygon prism and taking out the polygon prism, so that the speed of tunneling the adit or the tunnel on the full section is increased; the invention has clear flow, simple operation, perfect system and convenient realization.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view (front view) of a partitioned cutting trace of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view (front view) of a cutting trajectory without partitions of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cutting trajectory according to the present invention (the top view of fig. 3).
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a flow chart of the method of the present invention, when a laser drilling machine is used to drive a adit or a tunnel, a laser head emits high power laser to melt and gasify rock instantly to form deep trenches. If laser beams are obliquely injected along different directions, the rock can be cut into the polygonal columns and taken out, so that the rock breaking speed is increased, and the rock can be conveniently removed from the hole. The size of the reticular obliquely-cut polygonal column and the depth and width of the cutting groove can be determined according to the specific drilling condition, the depth, width and the like of the groove can be determined by the times of laser melting vaporization, laser energy density, spot size and the like, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, beginning to perform rock stratum tunneling;
s2, adjusting laser process parameters and auxiliary gas parameters according to the rock stratum condition;
s3, setting the posture and the moving track of the mechanical arm, wherein the posture and the moving track comprise an initial position, a moving speed, the repeated times of the movement along the track and a laser irradiation direction;
s4, the laser drilling machine is driven by the mechanical arm to circularly cut an arched cutting seam;
s5, judging whether the arch-shaped slot needs partitioning, if so, performing S6, otherwise, performing S7;
s6, partitioning the arched cutting seam, cutting the rock blocks of each partition in the arched cutting seam in a net-shaped inclined cutting mode through the laser drilling machine to generate polygonal-prism rock blocks, transporting the polygonal-prism rock blocks out of the adit or the tunnel, and entering the step S8;
s7, cutting the arched cut seams in a net-shaped inclined cutting mode through the laser drilling machine to generate a polygonal-prism rock block, transporting the polygonal-prism rock block out of a adit or a tunnel, and entering the step S8;
and S8, if the rock stratum tunneling is not finished, returning to the step S2, otherwise, ending the rock stratum tunneling.
The laser process parameters in step S2 include laser energy density, spot size, irradiation distance, irradiation time, irradiation frequency, purge gas type, and flow rate. The laser drilling machine emits high-energy laser to melt and gasify the rock to form a slot, the depth of the slot is determined by the laser energy density, the irradiation time, the irradiation distance and the irradiation times, and the width of the slot is determined by the size of the light spot.
In step S3, the movement trajectory of the mechanical arm is a linear trajectory or a curved trajectory.
And step S4, the laser drilling machine comprises a laser generating device, an auxiliary device and a laser head, wherein the laser generating device and the auxiliary device are arranged outside the adit or the tunnel, and the laser head is arranged in the adit or the tunnel. The laser head is arranged at the tail end of the mechanical arm and can realize spatial motion, the spatial motion can be linear motion or curvilinear motion, the mechanical arm is arranged on a movable trolley, and a lifting platform is built on the trolley; the laser head is connected with the laser generating device by using an optical fiber, and the optical fiber is used for transmitting high-energy laser to the laser head from the laser generating device; the laser head with the arm uses the control line to be connected with main control system, main control system is used for control the laser head with the arm.
In step S6, the partitioning of the rock specifically includes: if the rock in the arch slot is too big, be not convenient for disposable cutting, can be earlier with the rock subregion, laser walk horizontal and vertical slot in the rock piece suitable position, will big rock piece in the arch slot is divided into a plurality of regions, can guarantee that arm exhibition of arm can reach when every regional cutting rock piece.
The mesh diagonal cutting in the step S6 is specifically: the laser drilling machine obliquely cuts the arched cutting seams along a first direction, the laser drilling machine obliquely cuts the arched cutting seams along a second direction, and the cutting process is repeated from top to bottom and from the middle to two sides at a certain interval. The cut polygon prism can be directly transported out of the adit or tunnel. The deepening of the cutting seam depth can be realized by increasing the laser energy density and/or prolonging the laser irradiation time and/or reducing the irradiation distance and/or increasing the irradiation times, the cutting seam width is determined by the size of a light spot, and the laser movement track can be enlarged to widen the cutting seam width.
Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the embodiment of the invention provides a full-face laser tunneling method of polygonal prism net oblique cutting, which comprises the steps of cutting an arched cutting seam 1 by using a high-power laser ring, dividing the cutting seam 2 on a rock block and cutting a net oblique cutting track 3.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A full-section laser tunneling method for polygonal-prism-shaped net oblique cutting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, beginning to perform rock stratum tunneling;
s2, adjusting laser process parameters and auxiliary gas parameters according to the rock stratum condition;
s3, setting the posture and the moving track of the mechanical arm, wherein the posture and the moving track comprise an initial position, a moving speed, the repeated times of the movement along the track and a laser irradiation direction;
s4, the laser drilling machine is driven by the mechanical arm to circularly cut an arched cutting seam;
s5, judging whether the arch-shaped slot needs partitioning, if so, performing S6, otherwise, performing S7;
s6, partitioning the arched cutting seam, cutting the rock blocks of each partition in the arched cutting seam in a net-shaped inclined cutting mode through the laser drilling machine to generate polygonal-prism rock blocks, transporting the polygonal-prism rock blocks out of the adit or the tunnel, and entering the step S8;
s7, cutting the arched cut seams in a net-shaped inclined cutting mode through the laser drilling machine to generate a polygonal-prism rock block, transporting the polygonal-prism rock block out of a adit or a tunnel, and entering the step S8;
and S8, if the rock stratum tunneling is not finished, returning to the step S2, otherwise, ending the rock stratum tunneling.
2. The full-face laser tunneling method for polygonal net-like oblique cutting according to claim 1, wherein said laser process parameters in step S2 include laser energy density, spot size, irradiation distance, irradiation time, irradiation times, purge gas type and flow rate.
3. The full-face laser excavation method of the polygonal prism net oblique cutting according to claim 2, wherein the laser drilling machine emits high-energy laser to melt and gasify a slit on the rock, the depth of the slit is determined by the laser energy density, the irradiation time, the irradiation distance and the irradiation times, the width of the slit is determined by the spot size, and the depth of each excavation is determined by the depth of the slit.
4. The full-face laser tunneling method for polygonal net-like oblique cutting according to claim 1, wherein the movement trajectory of said robot arm in step S3 is a straight line trajectory or a curved line trajectory.
5. The full-face laser tunneling method for polygonal column net oblique cutting according to claim 1, characterized in that said laser drilling machine in step S4 comprises laser, gas-assisted device and laser head, mechanical arm.
6. The full-face laser tunneling method for the polygonal prism net-shaped oblique cutting according to claim 5, characterized in that the laser head is installed at the tail end of the mechanical arm, the mechanical arm is installed on a movable trolley, and a lifting platform is built on the trolley; the laser head is connected with the laser generator by using an optical fiber, and the optical fiber is used for transmitting high-energy laser to the laser head from the laser; the laser head with the arm uses the control line to be connected with main control system, main control system is used for control the laser head with the arm.
7. The full-face laser tunneling method for polygonal cross-cut net according to claim 1, wherein said dividing of the arcuate slits in step S6 is specifically: laser walks horizontal and vertical slot at the suitable position of the rock, divides the big rock in the arch slot into a plurality of regions, and arm extension of the mechanical arm can be ensured to be reached when each region cuts the rock.
8. The full-face laser tunneling method for the polygonal-prism-shaped net oblique cutting according to claim 1, wherein the net oblique cutting in the step S6 is specifically: the laser drilling machine obliquely cuts the arched cutting seams along a first direction, the laser drilling machine obliquely cuts the arched cutting seams along a second direction, and the cutting process is repeated from top to bottom and from the middle to two sides at a certain interval.
9. A full-face laser tunneling system for polygonal-prism-shaped net-shaped oblique cutting is characterized by comprising the following modules:
the rock stratum tunneling starting module is used for starting rock stratum tunneling;
the laser and auxiliary gas process parameter adjusting module is used for adjusting laser process parameters and auxiliary gas parameters of the laser drilling machine according to rock stratum conditions;
the mechanical arm moving track setting module is used for setting the posture and the moving track of the mechanical arm, and comprises an initial position, a moving speed and the repeated times of moving along the track;
the circular cutting module is used for circularly cutting an arched slot by the laser drilling machine under the driving of the mechanical arm;
the partition judging module is used for judging whether the arched cutting seam needs to be partitioned or not, if so, the arched cutting seam enters the partition cutting module, otherwise, the arched cutting seam enters the net-shaped oblique cutting module;
the partition cutting module is used for partitioning the arched cutting seam, and the laser drilling machine cuts the rock blocks of each partition in the arched cutting seam in a net-shaped inclined cutting mode to generate a polygonal-prism rock block and transports the polygonal-prism rock block out of the adit or the tunnel;
the net-shaped oblique cutting module is used for net-shaped oblique cutting of the arched cutting seam by the laser drilling machine to generate a polygonal-prism rock block, and the polygonal-prism rock block is transported out of the adit or the tunnel;
and the working progress judging module is used for judging the working progress of the rock stratum tunneling, if the working progress does not reach the tunneling depth, the laser and auxiliary gas process parameter adjusting module is returned, and if the working progress does not reach the tunneling depth, the rock stratum tunneling is ended.
10. The full-face laser tunneling system according to claim 9, wherein the laser process parameters in the laser process parameter adjustment module include laser energy density, spot size, irradiation distance, irradiation time, irradiation times, purge gas type and flow rate.
CN202010810430.5A 2020-08-13 2020-08-13 Full-section laser tunneling method and system for polygonal-prism-shaped net-shaped oblique cutting Pending CN112065423A (en)

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CN114165251A (en) * 2021-12-06 2022-03-11 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 Tunnel construction method for breaking rock by laser
CN114872207A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-08-09 中国地质大学(武汉) Laser drilling track planning method and system based on DXF file

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CN106194171A (en) * 2016-08-11 2016-12-07 安徽宏昌机电装备制造有限公司 A kind of adaptivity digging all-in-one
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CN114165251A (en) * 2021-12-06 2022-03-11 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 Tunnel construction method for breaking rock by laser
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CN114872207B (en) * 2022-05-24 2024-05-10 中国地质大学(武汉) DXF file-based laser drilling track planning method and system

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