CN112196553B - Hob-free hard rock tunneling machine for breaking rock by utilizing laser and liquid nitrogen jet - Google Patents
Hob-free hard rock tunneling machine for breaking rock by utilizing laser and liquid nitrogen jet Download PDFInfo
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- CN112196553B CN112196553B CN202010144409.6A CN202010144409A CN112196553B CN 112196553 B CN112196553 B CN 112196553B CN 202010144409 A CN202010144409 A CN 202010144409A CN 112196553 B CN112196553 B CN 112196553B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B5/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of air flow or gas flow
- B08B5/02—Cleaning by the force of jets, e.g. blowing-out cavities
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0621—Shield advancing devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
- E21D9/0873—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/093—Control of the driving shield, e.g. of the hydraulic advancing cylinders
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
- E21D9/124—Helical conveying means therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a hobbing-cutter-free hard rock tunneling machine for breaking rock by utilizing laser and liquid nitrogen jet, which comprises a central main driving unit connected with a hobbing-cutter-free cutter head, wherein a laser transmitter is arranged on the hobbing-cutter-free cutter head, a dust removal unit is arranged on the laser transmitter, a liquid nitrogen nozzle is arranged on the hobbing-cutter-free cutter head, the liquid nitrogen nozzle is connected with a liquid nitrogen supply system through a liquid nitrogen high-pressure conveying pipe, and the laser transmitter and the liquid nitrogen nozzle are both connected with a control center. The invention adopts the laser and liquid nitrogen jet coupled rock breaking system, thoroughly abandons the conventional cutter rock breaking technology, solves the problem that the metal cutter of the development machine is easy to be abnormally damaged when cutting rocks, improves the excavation efficiency, reduces the excavation cost, and can adapt to the development of various strata.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fifth generation tunnel boring machines, in particular to a hob-free hard rock boring machine for breaking rock by utilizing laser and liquid nitrogen jet.
Background
At present, tunnel excavation aims at rock stratums, and mainly aims at achieving the purpose of crushing rock masses by means of pressing rocks with a disc-shaped hob, the compressive strength of the rocks is mainly overcome, the rock crushing efficiency of the rock stratums with common strength (within 100 MPa) is still good, but in harder rock stratums, the hob rock crushing method is poor in economy. Therefore, a novel development machine and a rock breaking method are needed to be subversively invented.
Through the retrieval, the current application date is 2018.12.29, the chinese utility model patent of application number CN201822256047.0 discloses an utilize broken entry driving machine of rock of laser, including the entry driving machine host computer, be equipped with the blade disc on the entry driving machine host computer, the blade disc on be equipped with laser generator. The utility model discloses a although the patent adopts laser and water-cooled principle to replace traditional metal cutter, can promote broken rock efficiency, when the serious inhomogeneous geology such as soft lower hard in the tunnelling, has solved traditional metal cutter and has very easily taken place the difficult problem of abnormal damage.
But the rock is broken to single adoption laser, and not only the tunnelling efficiency is limited, and broken rock in-process detritus dust is more moreover, can shelter from laser generating device's optical lens, seriously influences broken rock effect. In addition, when single laser is adopted for rock breaking, rock debris deposition and re-solidification can occur to cause serious high-heat burn, so that the energy utilization rate is low, and rock debris after laser ablation cannot be smoothly discharged.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the hob-free hard rock tunneling machine for breaking rock by using laser and liquid nitrogen jet, and solves the technical problems of low energy utilization rate and poor rock breaking and slag discharging effects when the tunneling machine adopts single laser to break rock.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the utility model provides an utilize no hobbing cutter hard rock entry driving machine of broken rock of laser and liquid nitrogen efflux, is including being connected with the center main drive unit of no hobbing cutter blade disc, because no hobbing cutter blade disc quality is light, and be different from traditional blade disc and utilize cutter extrusion rock on the blade disc to break rock moreover, consequently need not to use traditional actuating mechanism, can abandon the traditional drive mode of peripheral multiunit motor or hydraulic motor speed reducer, only adopt center main drive unit drive do not have the hobbing cutter blade disc rotation can. Because the hob-free cutterhead is driven by a central main driving unit, the back of the hob-free cutterhead can have enough assembly space, and the back of the hob-free cutterhead is provided with a laser transmitter. Laser is a novel light source, and compared with a common light source, the laser has the characteristics of high brightness, high directionality, high monochromaticity and the like. The rock is composed of a plurality of mineral particles, laser is irradiated on the surface of the rock, and the mineral particles show differences in thermal expansion anisotropy, thermal expansion nonuniformity and the like due to different thermal conductivity coefficients of various phase change boundary regions. The laser irradiation time and the laser power are main factors for determining whether the laser rock breaking can be successful, and the higher the laser power is, the higher the laser rock breaking speed is, and the deeper a hole is drilled on the rock. The laser rock breaking is basically to break the rock in a thermal fragmentation, melting and gasification mode, the temperature field of the rock irradiated by laser is changed violently, the internal structure of the rock is changed, the permeability of the rock is improved to about 4 times, the laser frequency and the exposure frequency influence the ablation effect, and the ablation effect after soaking is better than that under a dry condition. In the process of laser rock breaking, rocks in a laser facula area and rock mass matrixes around the rocks undergo three-phase shock changes of solid, liquid and gas, and very complex three-dimensional unstable heat energy transfer and exchange exist among the three-phase shock changes. And a liquid nitrogen nozzle is arranged on the hob-free cutter head and is connected with a liquid nitrogen supply system through a liquid nitrogen high-pressure conveying pipe.
The liquid nitrogen is a liquid with the density slightly less than that of water, is colorless and odorless, has stable performance and is non-flammable, the critical temperature is-146.96 ℃, the critical pressure is 3.39MPa, the temperature is-195.8 ℃ under atmospheric pressure, and the temperature of a triple point is-210.00 ℃. The liquid nitrogen has good heat transfer performance and extremely low surface tension, and can easily enter a space with the molecular volume larger than that of the liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is a refrigerant with excellent performance, and when the liquid nitrogen contacts with an object, the temperature of the object is rapidly reduced, so that large thermal stress is generated in the object.
The temperature of the liquid nitrogen is extremely low, generally-196 ℃, and when the liquid nitrogen contacts with the rock, the temperature of the rock near the contact surface is suddenly reduced, and high-speed shrinkage deformation is generated. At high rates of deformation, the toughness of the camouflage may decrease, causing the rock to become brittle, rendering the rock more susceptible to failure. When the rock is constrained from freely deforming between the outside and the inside, a large tensile stress is generated on the rock surface. When the tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of the rock, the rock will undergo tensile failure, the depth of fracture being related to the time of contact of the rock with liquid nitrogen and the thermophysical properties of the rock itself.
The thermal impact of liquid nitrogen on rocks is mainly embodied in two aspects: on one hand, rock mineral particles and cementing materials thereof can generate high-speed shrinkage deformation, the toughness is reduced, the brittleness is enhanced, namely the self property of the rock can be changed under the action of thermal impact; on the other hand, since the rock is a material with strong heterogeneity composed of a plurality of mineral particles, when the external temperature changes, the deformation degree generated by different mineral particles is different, thereby generating thermal stress. When the thermal stress exceeds the strength of the bond between the minerals, crack damage can occur within the rock. However, such crack damage can sometimes be detected by means of certain detection methods, such as acoustic emission and acoustic detection methods. Researchers have found that thermal shock can crack rocks through indoor acoustic testing experiments, however, researches on thermal shock pay more attention to the damage state in the rocks, and rock deformation is easy to be ignored.
In addition, liquid nitrogen can cause freezing damage to the rock in addition to thermal shock to the rock. The rock is a porous medium, a certain amount of moisture is always present in internal pores, and the pore water is cooled, frozen and expanded to a volume of about 9% to press the wall surfaces of the pores, so that the rock is frozen and damaged. Rock freezing failure is mainly in 3 ways: firstly, the freezing volume expansion of pore water causes larger extrusion force to the pore wall; secondly, the pore water forms an ice lens body to crack the rock; and thirdly, the partial water which is not frozen in the pores generates additional pore pressure under the extrusion of the ice body. Because the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is extremely low, moisture in pores can be frozen into ice in a short time, and unfrozen cold water does not exist, the freezing damage mechanism of the liquid nitrogen to rocks mainly adopts the first two forms. Experimental research shows that under the pressure of 101.325 kPa, under the assumption that the pore volume is kept unchanged, freezing of pore water can generate the frost heaving force of about 96 MPa on the rock body around the frozen pore water, and the original pore structure in the rock is damaged sufficiently.
Therefore, the liquid nitrogen supply system is started on the basis of the laser effect, the rock generates strong thermal stress impact to generate cracks under the huge temperature difference, meanwhile, the liquid nitrogen can reduce the toughness of the rock, enhance the brittleness and damage the cracks inside the rock, and in addition, the liquid nitrogen can cause the internal expansion of the rock to break, so that the rock is broken and cracked under the multiple effects. In addition, the rock breaking threshold pressure of the liquid nitrogen jet flow is far lower than that of the water jet flow, and as the density and viscosity of the liquid nitrogen are both lower than those of the water, the liquid nitrogen has larger kinetic energy than the water and smaller energy attenuation, and can generate an impact effect superior to that of the water jet flow. And the rock eroded by the liquid nitrogen and the carbon dioxide jet is in network crushing, and the whole rock is in large-area lamellar crushing. Under the multiple actions of thermal stress, high-pressure fluid erosion and super-strong penetration of liquid nitrogen substances, the rock is stripped in large blocks.
Furthermore, the laser emission end of the laser emitter points to be perpendicular to the front tunneling surface, and the application efficiency of laser energy can be guaranteed to be the highest.
Furthermore, the laser transmitter is connected with an angle monitoring device and an angle adjusting device, and the angle monitoring device and the angle adjusting device are connected with a control center. The control center can monitor the pointing direction of the laser emitting end of the laser emitter in real time through the angle monitoring device, and the deviation is corrected through controlling the angle adjusting device after the error range is exceeded.
Furthermore, the laser emission end of the laser emitter and the liquid nitrogen nozzle are arranged in the same circumferential track, so that rock debris ablated by laser can be rapidly and smoothly discharged, and serious high-heat burn caused by rock debris deposition and re-coagulation is avoided, and energy waste is avoided.
Further, the liquid nitrogen high-pressure delivery pipe comprises a stainless steel pipe and a stainless steel flexible telescopic pipe, the stainless steel pipe can effectively keep the temperature of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen high-pressure delivery pipe, and the stainless steel flexible telescopic pipe is a telescopic structure specially designed at certain intervals according to the contraction phenomenon of pipelines at ultralow temperature.
Furthermore, the outside of the stainless steel pipe and the outside of the flexible stainless steel telescopic pipe are both provided with polyurethane foam heat-insulating layers, so that the temperature of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen high-pressure conveying pipe is further guaranteed not to change.
Furthermore, the connecting ports of the liquid nitrogen high-pressure conveying pipes are of double hard sealing structures. In view of the fact that sealing materials such as nitrile butadiene rubber and fluororubber cannot be applied to high-pressure and ultralow-temperature states of liquid nitrogen, the viscosity and density of the liquid nitrogen are lower than those of water, the surface tension is far lower than that of water, and the difficulty in selecting the sealing materials of the liquid nitrogen with ultralow temperature, low viscosity and ultralow surface tension in the high-pressure conveying process is high, so that the specially-designed double-hard sealing structure is formed. The double hard sealing structure comprises an external thread cylinder welded and fixed with the liquid nitrogen high-pressure conveying pipe at one end, the end part of the liquid nitrogen high-pressure conveying pipe at the other end is provided with a stop step, a thread cap matched with the stop step in a stop manner is inserted into the liquid nitrogen high-pressure conveying pipe in a penetrating manner, a metal sealing gasket is arranged between the thread cap and the stop step, and a spherical hard sealing structure is arranged between the thread cap and the external thread cylinder.
Furthermore, the dust removal unit comprises an air blowing nozzle corresponding to the focusing lens, the air blowing nozzle is connected with an air blowing system, and the air blowing system is connected with the control center. The control center controls the blowing system to work, and the blowing system continuously blows low-pressure air to the air blowing nozzle, so that the focusing lens is kept clean all the time.
Further, the opening rate of a slag outlet arranged on the hob-free cutter head is larger than 25% and each slag outlet is larger than 500 mm. Considering the characteristic that the rock is crushed in a large area and in a layered manner after the supercritical carbon dioxide jet erosion, the design of a slag outlet of the cutter head is large, so that the smooth slag outlet is facilitated; the rock debris after laser ablation can be discharged rapidly and smoothly, and serious high-heat burn caused by the deposition and re-coagulation of the rock debris can be avoided, so that energy waste can be avoided.
The invention adopts the laser and liquid nitrogen jet coupled rock breaking system, thoroughly abandons the conventional cutter rock breaking technology, solves the problem that the metal cutter of the development machine is easy to be abnormally damaged when cutting rocks, improves the excavation efficiency, reduces the excavation cost, and can adapt to the development of various strata. The laser emitting end of the laser emitter and the liquid nitrogen nozzle are arranged in the same circumferential track, so that rock can be broken rapidly, rock debris ablated by laser can be discharged rapidly and smoothly, and serious high-heat burn caused by rock debris deposition and re-coagulation is avoided, and energy waste is avoided. The invention has the structural characteristics different from the conventional shield tunneling machine, and the front panel of the tunneling machine is light in weight because the rock is broken without depending on the extrusion of a hob, and the central main driving unit is adopted to drive the hob-free cutterhead to rotate. In addition, the propulsion system does not need strong thrust to extrude rocks, and can be reduced from dozens of propulsion oil cylinders of a conventional shield to four oil cylinders, so that the purpose of pushing the front shield body to move forwards can be met. In addition, the invention is different from the speed reducer driving mode of a plurality of groups of motors or hydraulic motors at the periphery of the conventional tunneling machine, and adopts a group of high-power motors to drive the center, so that more space is reserved at the back of the cutter head for arranging the laser emitter.
Drawings
In order to illustrate the embodiments of the invention more clearly, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be derived from those drawings by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the laser emitting tip of FIG. 1 in cooperation with a blowing dust removal unit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a liquid nitrogen high-pressure delivery pipe;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid nitrogen high pressure delivery tube;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a dual hard seal structure;
in the figure, 1, a hob-free cutter head, 2, a central main driving unit, 3, a laser emitter, 31, an angle monitoring device, 32, a laser emitting end, 33, a focusing lens, 4, a dust removal unit, 41, an air blowing nozzle, 5, a liquid nitrogen nozzle, 6, a liquid nitrogen high-pressure conveying pipe, 61, a stainless steel pipe, 62, a stainless steel flexible telescopic pipe, 63, an external thread cylinder, 64, a stopping step, 65, a threaded cap, 66, a metal sealing gasket, 67, a spherical hard sealing structure, 68, a polyurethane foaming heat insulation layer, 7, a liquid nitrogen supply system, 8, a shield body, 9, a propulsion oil cylinder, 10, a segment erector, 11 and a spiral conveyor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1, a no hobbing cutter hard rock entry driving machine that utilizes laser and liquid nitrogen efflux to break rock, as shown in fig. 1, includes the shield body 8, is provided with central main drive unit 2 in the shield body 8, and central main drive unit 2 is connected with no hobbing cutter blade disc 1, and central main drive unit 2 drives no hobbing cutter blade disc 1 circumferential direction. A segment erector 10 and a screw conveyor 12 are arranged in the shield body 8, and the feeding end of the screw conveyor 12 is positioned at the rear side close to the hob-free cutter head 1.
Because the hob-free cutterhead 1 is driven by the central main driving unit 2, the back of the hob-free cutterhead can have enough assembly space, and the back of the hob-free cutterhead 1 is provided with the laser emitter 3. Laser is a novel light source, and compared with a common light source, the laser has the characteristics of high brightness, high directionality, high monochromaticity and the like. The rock is composed of a plurality of mineral particles, laser is irradiated on the surface of the rock, and the mineral particles show differences in thermal expansion anisotropy, thermal expansion nonuniformity and the like due to different thermal conductivity coefficients of various phase change boundary regions. The laser irradiation time and the laser power are main factors for determining whether the laser rock breaking can be successful, and the higher the laser power is, the higher the laser rock breaking speed is, and the deeper a hole is drilled on the rock. The laser rock breaking is basically to break the rock in a thermal fragmentation, melting and gasification mode, the temperature field of the rock irradiated by laser is changed violently, the internal structure of the rock is changed, the permeability of the rock is improved to about 4 times, the laser frequency and the exposure frequency influence the ablation effect, and the ablation effect after soaking is better than that under a dry condition. In the process of laser rock breaking, rocks in a laser facula area and rock mass matrixes around the rocks undergo three-phase shock changes of solid, liquid and gas, and very complex three-dimensional unstable heat energy transfer and exchange exist among the three-phase shock changes.
And starting the laser emitter 3, irradiating high-power laser on the rock, instantly heating the irradiated rock to about 200-300 ℃, and generating crystal fracture and transgranular fracture in the rock by the internal stress generated by different thermal expansion of each mineral so as to generate damage and microcrack on the sample and reduce the strength of the rock.
And a liquid nitrogen nozzle 5 is arranged on the hob-free cutter head 1, and the liquid nitrogen nozzle 5 is connected with a liquid nitrogen supply system 7 through a liquid nitrogen high-pressure conveying pipe 6. The liquid nitrogen is a liquid with the density slightly less than that of water, is colorless and odorless, has stable performance and is non-flammable, the critical temperature is-146.96 ℃, the critical pressure is 3.39MPa, the temperature is-195.8 ℃ under atmospheric pressure, and the temperature of a triple point is-210.00 ℃. The liquid nitrogen has good heat transfer performance and extremely low surface tension, and can easily enter a space with the molecular volume larger than that of the liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is a refrigerant with excellent performance, and when the liquid nitrogen contacts with an object, the temperature of the object is rapidly reduced, so that large thermal stress is generated in the object.
The temperature of the liquid nitrogen is extremely low, generally-196 ℃, and when the liquid nitrogen contacts with the rock, the temperature of the rock near the contact surface is suddenly reduced, and high-speed shrinkage deformation is generated. At high rates of deformation, the toughness of the camouflage may decrease, causing the rock to become brittle, rendering the rock more susceptible to failure. When the rock is constrained from freely deforming between the outside and the inside, a large tensile stress is generated on the rock surface. When the tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of the rock, the rock will undergo tensile failure, the depth of fracture being related to the time of contact of the rock with liquid nitrogen and the thermophysical properties of the rock itself.
The thermal impact of liquid nitrogen on rocks is mainly embodied in two aspects: on one hand, rock mineral particles and cementing materials thereof can generate high-speed shrinkage deformation, the toughness is reduced, the brittleness is enhanced, namely the self property of the rock can be changed under the action of thermal impact; on the other hand, since the rock is a material with strong heterogeneity composed of a plurality of mineral particles, when the external temperature changes, the deformation degree generated by different mineral particles is different, thereby generating thermal stress. When the thermal stress exceeds the strength of the bond between the minerals, crack damage can occur within the rock. However, such crack damage can sometimes be detected by means of certain detection methods, such as acoustic emission and acoustic detection methods. Researchers have found that thermal shock can crack rocks through indoor acoustic testing experiments, however, researches on thermal shock pay more attention to the damage state in the rocks, and rock deformation is easy to be ignored.
In addition, liquid nitrogen can cause freezing damage to the rock in addition to thermal shock to the rock. The rock is a porous medium, a certain amount of moisture is always present in internal pores, and the pore water is cooled, frozen and expanded to a volume of about 9% to press the wall surfaces of the pores, so that the rock is frozen and damaged. Rock freezing failure is mainly in 3 ways: firstly, the freezing volume expansion of pore water causes larger extrusion force to the pore wall; secondly, the pore water forms an ice lens body to crack the rock; and thirdly, the partial water which is not frozen in the pores generates additional pore pressure under the extrusion of the ice body. Because the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is extremely low, moisture in pores can be frozen into ice in a short time, and unfrozen cold water does not exist, the freezing damage mechanism of the liquid nitrogen to rocks mainly adopts the first two forms. Experimental research shows that under the pressure of 101.325 kPa, under the assumption that the pore volume is kept unchanged, freezing of pore water can generate the frost heaving force of about 96 MPa on the rock body around the frozen pore water, and the original pore structure in the rock is damaged sufficiently.
Therefore, the liquid nitrogen supply system is started on the basis of the microwave effect, the rock generates strong thermal stress impact to generate cracks under the huge temperature difference, meanwhile, the liquid nitrogen can reduce the toughness and enhance the brittleness of the rock and cause internal crack damage, and in addition, the liquid nitrogen can cause internal cracking of the rock, and under the multiple effects, the large-area layered peeling of the rock is caused. In addition, the rock breaking threshold pressure of the liquid nitrogen jet flow is far lower than that of the water jet flow, and as the density and viscosity of the liquid nitrogen are both lower than those of the water, the liquid nitrogen has larger kinetic energy than the water and smaller energy attenuation, and can generate an impact effect superior to that of the water jet flow. And the rock eroded by the liquid nitrogen and the carbon dioxide jet is in network crushing, and the whole rock is in large-area lamellar crushing. Under the multiple actions of thermal stress, high-pressure fluid erosion and super-strong penetration of liquid nitrogen substances, the rock is stripped in large blocks. In view of the characteristic of large-area lamellar spalling of the rock, a large slag outlet is arranged on the non-hob cutter head so as to be beneficial to smooth slag discharge, the large-area lamellar spalling rock can be discharged through the large slag outlet, and the discharged rock is discharged through the screw conveyor 12.
The system disclosed by the invention adopts the laser and supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow coupling rock breaking system, thoroughly abandons the conventional cutter rock breaking technology, solves the problem that the metal cutter of the development machine is very easy to be abnormally damaged when cutting rocks, improves the excavation efficiency, reduces the excavation cost, and can adapt to the development of various strata.
In the embodiment 2, the non-hob hard rock tunneling machine for breaking rock by using laser and liquid nitrogen jet flow, the laser emitting end 32 of the laser emitter 3 points to be perpendicular to the tunneling surface in front, and the application efficiency of laser energy can be guaranteed to be the highest.
The other structure of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3, a no hobbing cutter hard rock entry driving machine that utilizes laser and liquid nitrogen efflux to break rock, as shown in fig. 3, laser emitter 3 is connected with angle monitoring device 31 and angle adjusting device, and angle monitoring device 31 and angle adjusting device link to each other with control center. The control center can monitor the pointing direction of the laser emitting end 32 of the laser emitter 3 in real time through the angle monitoring device 31, and can correct the deviation through controlling the angle adjusting device after the error range is exceeded.
The other structure of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 or 2.
Embodiment 4, a no hobbing cutter hard rock entry driving machine that utilizes laser and liquid nitrogen efflux to break rock, as shown in fig. 2, the laser emission end 32 of laser emitter 3 and liquid nitrogen nozzle 5 are with the circular orbit setting, are convenient for discharge the rock debris after the laser ablation fast smoothly, avoid appearing the rock debris deposit and recondensing phenomenon and cause serious high fever burn to avoid causing the energy waste.
The other structure of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1, 2 or 3.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the exterior of the stainless steel tube 61 and the exterior of the stainless steel flexible telescopic tube 62 are both provided with polyurethane foam insulation layers 68, so as to further ensure that the temperature of the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen high-pressure conveying tube does not change.
The other structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1 or 2 or 3 or 4.
As shown in fig. 6, the double hard sealing structure includes an external thread cylinder 63 welded and fixed to the liquid nitrogen high-pressure delivery pipe 6 at one end, a stop step 64 is arranged at the end of the liquid nitrogen high-pressure delivery pipe 6 at the other end, a thread cap 65 is inserted into the liquid nitrogen high-pressure delivery pipe 6 and in stop fit with the stop step 64, a metal sealing gasket 66 is arranged between the thread cap 65 and the stop step 64, and a spherical hard sealing structure 67 is arranged between the thread cap 65 and the external thread cylinder 63.
Other structures of this embodiment may be the same as any of embodiments 1 to 5.
Embodiment 7, a no hobbing cutter hard rock entry driving machine that utilizes laser and liquid nitrogen efflux to break rock, as shown in fig. 3, dust pelletizing unit 4 includes the blowing nozzle 41 corresponding with focus lens 33, and blowing nozzle 41 is connected with the blower system, and the blower system links to each other with the control center. The control center controls the operation of the blowing system, and the blowing system continuously blows low-pressure air to the blowing nozzle 41, so that the focusing lens 33 is always kept clean.
Other structures of this embodiment may be the same as any of embodiments 1 to 6.
Other structures of this embodiment may be the same as any of embodiments 1 to 7.
Nothing in this specification is intended to be exhaustive of all conventional and well known techniques.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides an utilize no hobbing cutter hard rock entry driving machine of broken rock of laser and liquid nitrogen efflux which characterized in that: comprises a central main drive unit (2) connected with a non-hob cutter head (1), a laser transmitter (3) is arranged on the non-hob cutter head (1), a dust removal unit (4) is arranged on the laser transmitter (3), a liquid nitrogen nozzle (5) is arranged on the non-hob cutter head (1), the liquid nitrogen nozzle (5) is connected with a liquid nitrogen supply system (7) through a liquid nitrogen high-pressure delivery pipe (6), the liquid nitrogen high-pressure delivery pipe (6) comprises a stainless steel pipe (61) and a stainless steel flexible extension pipe (62), the laser transmitter (3) and the liquid nitrogen nozzle (5) are both connected with a control center,
under the control of a control center, laser emitters (3) emit laser to the palm surface at intervals, a liquid nitrogen supply system (7) emits liquid nitrogen jet flow to the palm surface at intervals through a liquid nitrogen nozzle (5), and the laser emission and the liquid nitrogen jet flow are alternately carried out; the laser transmitter (3) is connected with an angle monitoring device (31) and an angle adjusting device, the angle monitoring device (31) and the angle adjusting device are connected with a control center, the control center enables a laser transmitting end head (32) of the laser transmitter (3) to point to be perpendicular to a heading face in front through the angle adjusting device, and after the error range is exceeded, the deviation is corrected through the angle adjusting device; the laser emission end (32) of the laser emitter (3) and the liquid nitrogen nozzle (5) are arranged in the same circumferential track, the opening rate of a slag hole arranged on the hob-free cutter head (1) is more than 25%, and each slag hole is more than 500 mm; the dust removal unit (4) comprises an air blowing nozzle (41) corresponding to the focusing lens (33) of the laser emission end (32), the air blowing nozzle (41) is connected with an air blowing system, the air blowing system is connected with a control center, the control center controls the air blowing system to work, the air blowing system blows low-pressure air to the air blowing nozzle (41), and the focusing lens (33) is guaranteed to be kept clean all the time.
2. The hobless hard rock boring machine for breaking rock by using laser and liquid nitrogen jet according to claim 1, characterized in that: and polyurethane foaming heat-insulating layers (68) are arranged outside the stainless steel pipe (61) and outside the stainless steel flexible telescopic pipe (62).
3. The hobless hard rock boring machine for breaking rock by using laser and liquid nitrogen jet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the connecting port of the liquid nitrogen high-pressure conveying pipe (6) is sealed by adopting a double hard sealing structure, the double hard sealing structure comprises an external thread cylinder (63) welded and fixed with the liquid nitrogen high-pressure conveying pipe (6) at one end, a stopping step (64) is arranged at the end part of the liquid nitrogen high-pressure conveying pipe (6) at the other end, a thread cap (65) matched with the stopping step (64) in a stopping way is inserted into the liquid nitrogen high-pressure conveying pipe (6), a metal sealing gasket (66) is arranged between the thread cap (65) and the stopping step (64), and a spherical hard sealing structure (67) is arranged between the thread cap (65) and the external thread cylinder (63).
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| CN202010144409.6A CN112196553B (en) | 2020-03-04 | 2020-03-04 | Hob-free hard rock tunneling machine for breaking rock by utilizing laser and liquid nitrogen jet |
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| CN112196553B true CN112196553B (en) | 2022-02-08 |
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| CN114354887B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-10-20 | 武汉大学 | Laser-liquid nitrogen abrasive jet combined rock breaking test device |
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