CN106884226A - 有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维及其制备方法 - Google Patents
有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维,按质量份数包括聚乳酸100份、马来酸酐接枝相容剂5‑10份、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯1‑2份、抗菌剂8‑12份、柠檬酸5‑8份、叔丁醇10‑16份、乙烯基聚二甲基硅烷2‑5份、亚磷酸盐0.2‑0.5份、色母粒6‑8份;抗菌剂包括纳米氧化铈20份、纳米氧化锌75份、改性活性炭5份;色母粒包括载体65份,色粉12份,壳聚糖3份、二氧化硅2份、PP相容剂5份。本发明所用原料为无毒或近乎无毒,复合绿色化学原则,并且得到的纤维是一种可降解、弹性大、色牢度高且具有抗菌性能的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维,整体制备方法简单、可行。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维,特别是有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维。
背景技术
聚乳酸是以微生物发酵产物乳酸为单位化合而成的。聚乳酸制品废弃后能够彻底分解成二氧化碳和谁,不会污染环境,因而是一种完全自然循环型的可降解材料。但聚乳酸脆性大、硬度高的缺陷限制了其进一步的应用,尤其是在纤维领域,弹性性能上也有待提高。随着人们对环境以及自身健康的日益重视,对聚乳酸纤维的功能型要求也逐渐提高。而且,市面上的弹性纤维色牢度并不是很高,在洗涤、摩擦等情况下均有稍许掉色现象。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述现有技术的不足而提供一种可降解、弹性大、色牢度高且具有抗菌性能的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所设计的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维,按质量份数包括聚乳酸100份、马来酸酐接枝相容剂5-10份、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯1-2份、抗菌剂8-12份、柠檬酸5-8份、叔丁醇10-16份、乙烯基聚二甲基硅烷2-5份、亚磷酸盐0.2-0.5份、色母粒4-8份;所述抗菌剂按质量份数包括纳米氧化铈20份、纳米氧化锌75份、改性活性炭5份,其中所述改性活性炭按质量份数包括活性炭80份、硝酸铈5份、淀粉5份、浓度为3mol/L的柠檬酸溶液10份;所述色母粒按重量份数包括:载体65份,色粉12份,壳聚糖3份、二氧化硅2份、PP相容剂5份,其中载体为50份聚乳酸和50份聚对苯二甲酸酯的混合物。
有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维的制备方法如下:
第一步:制备改性活性炭,将活性炭先经过乙醇浸泡并搅拌10min后抽滤,取80份放入反应器中,加入10份浓度为3mol/L的柠檬酸溶液、5份硝酸铈和淀粉5份,在水浴温度为75℃下搅拌反应3h,冷却后放入马弗炉中,在温度为600℃下煅烧2h后取出冷却至室温,研磨至粒径为80-100nm,待用;
第二步:制备抗菌剂,将20份纳米氧化铈、75份纳米氧化锌和5份改性活性炭充分混合,待用;
第三步:制备色母粒,将50份聚乳酸和50份聚对苯二甲酸酯进行混合5min,得到载体,取65份载体、色粉12份、壳聚糖3份、二氧化硅2份、PP相容剂5份放入反应器中,在85℃下充分搅拌,反应1h后通入螺杆挤出机中,温度设定为120-140℃,恒温15min后挤出,侧风25-30℃冷却,切成粒状,即可得到色母粒,待用;
第四步:制备有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维,将100份聚乳酸、5-10份马来酸酐接枝相容剂和1-2份过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯放入反应器中,均匀混合,并持续搅拌,在200-220℃下反应2h,在缓慢搅拌下,再向反应器中加入8-12份抗菌剂、5-8份柠檬酸、10-16份叔丁醇、2-5份乙烯基聚二甲基硅烷、0.2-0.5份亚磷酸盐和4-8份色母粒,在220-240℃下熔融反应2h,反应结束后通入螺杆挤出机中挤出,侧风冷却,造粒,得到聚乳酸母粒,此处所述螺杆挤出机各区域温度控制在200-240℃,侧风温度为23-27℃;将聚乳酸母粒送入熔融纺丝机料斗中,由喷丝头喷出,经过侧风冷却后由卷绕装置卷绕至筒芯上,最终得到有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维。
其中,所述纺丝机的所用温度在240-290℃,喷丝头孔径为0.15mm,所述侧风的温度为23℃,风速为0.4m/s,湿度为75%。
聚乳酸是以乳酸为主要原料聚合得到的聚合物,原料来源充分而且可以再生。聚乳酸的生产过程无污染,而且产品可以生物降解,实现在自然界中的循环,因此是理想的绿色高分子材料。应用于生产纤维中,聚乳酸的存在使得该纤维更具有可降解的性能。马来酸酐接枝相容剂通过引入强极性反应基团,使材料具有高的极性和反应性,是一种高分子界面偶联剂、相容剂、分散促进剂,并且,其还有一定的增韧、增强性能,可在一定程度上改善纯聚乳酸纤维的较脆弱的缺点,提升韧性。其中,过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯作为一种引发剂,能够促进反应的进行,使得反应更为充分。
为了使得制备的聚乳酸纤维具有一定的抗菌性能,我们在体系中加入了抗菌剂,该抗菌剂为纳米氧化铈、纳米氧化锌和改性活性炭的混合物。在纳米氧化锌本就具有的抗菌功能上,再加入改性活性炭,能够在一定程度上促进对病菌、细菌等有害微生物的吸附作用,且纳米氧化铈的加入能够对改性活性炭的吸附作用加强,穿插在活性炭的结构体系中,纳米氧化铈对紫外有着吸收作用,能增强纳米氧化锌的抗菌性能。此外,改性活性炭中包括的硝酸铈中的铈离子在柠檬酸溶液的弱酸性条件下嫁接于活性炭结构上,增加活性炭的吸附能力,加入的淀粉为改性活性炭提供可降解环境。除此之外,柠檬酸可对反应体系进行酸碱度的调节,促进反应的良好进行;乙烯基聚二甲基硅烷是一种有机硅橡胶,加入体系中可提高纤维的弹性,亚磷酸盐的加入对其有着促进作用,能够在一定程度上提升制得纤维的弹性。叔丁醇可做溶剂使用,促进各组分的均匀分布。
在色母粒中,采用壳聚糖作为抗氧化剂,二氧化硅作为分散剂,其中载体为份聚乳酸和聚对苯二甲酸酯的混合物,使得载体能够更好地承载后续加入的其他试剂,并通过相容剂促进它们之间的相容性,使得各组分发挥其最大作用。
本发明得到的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维,其技术效果是所用原料为无毒或近乎无毒,复合绿色化学原则,并且得到的纤维是一种可降解、弹性大、色牢度高且具有抗菌性能的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维,整体制备方法简单、可行。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例1:
本实施例所提供的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维,按质量份数包括聚乳酸100份、马来酸酐接枝相容剂8份、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯2份、抗菌剂8份、柠檬酸6份、叔丁醇12份、乙烯基聚二甲基硅烷5份、亚磷酸盐0.3份、色母粒4份;所述抗菌剂按质量份数包括纳米氧化铈20份、纳米氧化锌75份、改性活性炭5份,其中所述改性活性炭按质量份数包括活性炭80份、硝酸铈5份、淀粉5份、浓度为3mol/L的柠檬酸溶液10份;所述色母粒按重量份数包括:载体65份,色粉12份,壳聚糖3份、二氧化硅2份、PP相容剂5份,其中载体为50份聚乳酸和50份聚对苯二甲酸酯的混合物。
有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维的制备方法如下:
第一步:制备改性活性炭,将活性炭先经过乙醇浸泡并搅拌10min后抽滤,取80份放入反应器中,加入10份浓度为3mol/L的柠檬酸溶液、5份硝酸铈和淀粉5份,在水浴温度为75℃下搅拌反应3h,冷却后放入马弗炉中,在温度为600℃下煅烧2h后取出冷却至室温,研磨至粒径为90nm,待用;
第二步:制备抗菌剂,将20份纳米氧化铈、75份纳米氧化锌和5份改性活性炭充分混合,待用;
第三步:制备色母粒,将50份聚乳酸和50份聚对苯二甲酸酯进行混合5min,得到载体,取65份载体、色粉12份、壳聚糖3份、二氧化硅2份、PP相容剂5份放入反应器中,在85℃下充分搅拌,反应1h后通入螺杆挤出机中,温度设定为120-140℃,恒温15min后挤出,侧风25℃冷却,切成粒状,即可得到色母粒,待用;
第四步:制备有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维,将100份聚乳酸、8份马来酸酐接枝相容剂和2份过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯放入反应器中,均匀混合,并持续搅拌,在200℃下反应2h,在缓慢搅拌下,再向反应器中加入8份抗菌剂、6份柠檬酸、12份叔丁醇、3份乙烯基聚二甲基硅烷、0.3份亚磷酸盐和4份色母粒,在240℃下熔融反应2h,反应结束后通入螺杆挤出机中挤出,侧风冷却,造粒,得到聚乳酸母粒,此处所述螺杆挤出机各区域温度控制在230℃,侧风温度为24℃;将聚乳酸母粒送入熔融纺丝机料斗中,由喷丝头喷出,经过侧风冷却后由卷绕装置卷绕至筒芯上,最终得到有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维。
其中,所述纺丝机的所用温度在270℃,喷丝头孔径为0.15mm,所述侧风的温度为23℃,风速为0.4m/s,湿度为75%。
将所制得的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维进行性能检测,100%伸长下恢复率为94.9%;抑菌圈试验结果表明,本实施例提供的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维对大肠埃希氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率达99.97%;色牢度性能检测结果为:耐皂洗色牢度(测试标准GB/T3921-2008):3-4级,摩擦色牢度(测试标准GB/T3920-2008):4级,耐水色牢度(测试标准GB/T22885-2008):4级。
实施例2:
本实施例所提供的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维,原料和制备方法大致和实施例1相同,其主要区别在于,本实施例中,抗菌剂所用质量份数为10份,色母粒为6份。
将所制得的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维进行性能检测,100%伸长下恢复率为95.6%;抑菌圈试验结果表明,本实施例提供的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维对大肠埃希氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率达99.98%;色牢度性能检测结果为:耐皂洗色牢度(测试标准GB/T3921-2008):4级,摩擦色牢度(测试标准GB/T3920-2008):4级,耐水色牢度(测试标准GB/T22885-2008):4级。
实施例3:
本实施例所提供的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维,原料和制备方法大致和实施例1相同,其主要区别在于,本实施例中,抗菌剂所用质量份数为12份,色母粒为8份。
将所制得的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维进行性能检测,100%伸长下恢复率为96.9%;抑菌圈试验结果表明,本实施例提供的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维对大肠埃希氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率达99.99%;色牢度性能检测结果为:耐皂洗色牢度(测试标准GB/T3921-2008):4级,摩擦色牢度(测试标准GB/T3920-2008):4级,耐水色牢度(测试标准GB/T22885-2008):4-5级。
Claims (3)
1.一种有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维,其特征在于:按质量份数包括聚乳酸100份、马来酸酐接枝相容剂5-10份、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯1-2份、抗菌剂8-12份、柠檬酸5-8份、叔丁醇10-16份、乙烯基聚二甲基硅烷2-5份、亚磷酸盐0.2-0.5份、色母粒4-8份;所述抗菌剂按质量份数包括纳米氧化铈20份、纳米氧化锌75份、改性活性炭5份,其中所述改性活性炭按质量份数包括活性炭80份、硝酸铈5份、淀粉5份、浓度为3mol/L的柠檬酸溶液10份;所述色母粒按重量份数包括:载体65份,色粉12份,壳聚糖3份、二氧化硅2份、PP相容剂5份,其中载体为50份聚乳酸和50份聚对苯二甲酸酯的混合物。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:
第一步:制备改性活性炭,将活性炭先经过乙醇浸泡并搅拌10min后抽滤,取80份放入反应器中,加入10份浓度为3mol/L的柠檬酸溶液、5份硝酸铈和淀粉5份,在水浴温度为75℃下搅拌反应3h,冷却后放入马弗炉中,在温度为600℃下煅烧2h后取出冷却至室温,研磨至粒径为80-100nm,待用;
第二步:制备抗菌剂,将20份纳米氧化铈、75份纳米氧化锌和5份改性活性炭充分混合,待用;
第三步:制备色母粒,将50份聚乳酸和50份聚对苯二甲酸酯进行混合5min,得到载体,取65份载体、色粉12份、壳聚糖3份、二氧化硅2份、PP相容剂5份放入反应器中,在85℃下充分搅拌,反应1h后通入螺杆挤出机中,温度设定为120-140℃,恒温15min后挤出,侧风25-30℃冷却,切成粒状,即可得到色母粒,待用;
第四步:制备有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维,将100份聚乳酸、5-10份马来酸酐接枝相容剂和1-2份过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯放入反应器中,均匀混合,并持续搅拌,在200-220℃下反应2h,在缓慢搅拌下,再向反应器中加入8-12份抗菌剂、5-8份柠檬酸、10-16份叔丁醇、2-5份乙烯基聚二甲基硅烷、0.2-0.5份亚磷酸盐和4-8份色母粒,在220-240℃下熔融反应2h,反应结束后通入螺杆挤出机中挤出,侧风冷却,造粒,得到聚乳酸母粒,此处所述螺杆挤出机各区域温度控制在200-240℃,侧风温度为23-27℃;将聚乳酸母粒送入熔融纺丝机料斗中,由喷丝头喷出,经过侧风冷却后由卷绕装置卷绕至筒芯上,最终得到有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维。
3.根据权利要求2所述的有色可降解抗菌聚乳酸弹性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:纺丝机的所用温度在240-290℃,喷丝头孔径为0.15mm,所述侧风的温度为23℃,风速为0.4m/s,湿度为75%。
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