CN106882980B - 陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺 - Google Patents
陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于陶瓷彩绘领域,具体公开了一种陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺。该工艺采用特制堆彩原料在素烧胚上进行堆彩,堆彩后可以进行雕刻或者在堆彩上再上色加彩,再将釉料均匀地喷涂在堆彩后的素烧胚表层,于1380~1420℃温度下烧制。本发明提供的釉下堆彩工艺填补了陶瓷艺术彩的一项空白,堆彩永不褪色,且堆彩时可以用不同色彩叠加,烧成后彩饰叠加层次清晰,花色清新、明快。堆彩后的陶瓷既具有传统釉下彩的神韵,又具有雕刻艺术的精美,还有色釉装饰之情趣,集艺术美与思想文化境界为一体。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷彩绘领域,具体涉及一种陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺。
背景技术
目前陶瓷艺术制作中,为了艺术美,已经采用了艺术釉彩(色釉,窑变釉),釉上彩、釉下彩、釉中彩,雕刻、印贴、绞胚等工艺对陶瓷进行彩饰。其中,釉下彩是陶瓷器的一种主要装饰手段,是用色料在已成型晾干的素坯(即半成品)上绘制各种纹饰,然后罩以白色透明釉或者其他浅色面釉,入窑高温(1200~1400℃)一次烧成。烧成后的图案被一层透明的釉膜覆盖在下边,表面光亮柔和、平滑不凸出,显得晶莹透亮。它的突出优点在于不易磨损、永不褪色、无铅无毒、光滑平整、操作简单。但釉下彩的装饰手法不具备层次变化感。
堆彩是一种近似于浅浮雕的装饰手法和传统瓷器的结合,在一个平面上,但又具有一定立体感、层次感,使画面变化丰富,更加饱满浑厚。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺,该工艺填补了陶瓷艺术彩的一项空白,堆彩后的陶瓷既具有传统釉下彩的神韵,又具有雕刻艺术的精美,还有色釉装饰之情趣,集艺术美与思想文化境界为一体。
本发明采用的技术方案如下所示:
所述陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺,该工艺具体包括以下步骤:
(1)配制堆彩原料,所述堆彩原料由以下重量份数组份制备得到:钠长石粉20~28份、二氧化硅16~23份、硅酸镁8~14份、硅酸钠7~12份、纳米三氧化二锑7~13份、纳米钛白粉4~9份、硅胶粉4~7份、油酸聚氧乙烯酯9~15份、聚乙烯醇10~18份、微晶蜡0.5~1.5份、硬脂酸钙1~2份、色料2~4份和水20~25份;
(2)素烧胚堆彩:采用步骤(1)制备得到的堆彩原料在素烧胚上进行堆彩,堆彩后可以进行雕刻或者在堆彩上再上色加彩,待彩料晾干后,得到堆彩后的素烧胚;
(3)喷釉:将釉料均匀地喷涂在上述堆彩后的素烧胚表层,釉料喷涂厚度为0.5~1.5mm;
(4)烧结:将步骤(3)喷涂釉料的素烧胚放入窑中,于1380~1420℃烧结6~10h。
其中,上述陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺中,所述素烧胚是由以下重量份原料制备而成:雪球泥 28~40份、高岭土 18~30份、钾长石 8~15份、钠长石8~16份、石英10~20份。
优选的,所述素烧胚是由以下重量份原料制备而成:雪球泥 35份、高岭土 24份、钾长石 13份、钠长石12份、石英15份。
其中,上述陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺,步骤(3)中所述釉料的化学成分以重量份计为:SiO2 45~60份、Al2O3 8~11份、Fe2O3 0.2~0.4份、MgO 3~5份、K2O 6~8份、Na2SiO3 0.5~3.0份、MgSiO3 0.8~3.0份。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述釉料的化学成分以重量份计为:SiO2 52份、Al2O3 10份、Fe2O3 0.3份、MgO 4份、K2O 6份、Na2SiO3 2.0份、MgSiO3 1.8份。
其中,上述陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺,步骤(1)中所述色料为玛瑙红、石青、石绿、银灰、岩黑等矿物色料。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明提供的釉下堆彩工艺填补了陶瓷艺术彩的一项空白,堆彩永不褪色,且堆彩时可以用不同色彩叠加,烧成后彩饰叠加层次清晰,花色清新、明快。堆彩后的陶瓷既具有传统釉下彩的神韵,又具有雕刻艺术的精美,还有色釉装饰之情趣,集艺术美与思想文化境界为一体。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺,该工艺具体包括以下步骤:
(1)配制堆彩原料,所述堆彩原料由以下重量份数组份制备得到:钠长石粉20~28份、二氧化硅16~23份、硅酸镁8~14份、硅酸钠7~12份、纳米三氧化二锑7~13份、纳米钛白粉4~9份、硅胶粉4~7份、油酸聚氧乙烯酯9~15份、聚乙烯醇10~18份、微晶蜡0.5~1.5份、硬脂酸钙1~2份、色料2~4份和水20~25份;
(2)素烧胚堆彩:采用步骤(1)制备得到的堆彩原料在素烧胚上进行堆彩,堆彩后可以进行雕刻或者在堆彩上再上色加彩,待彩料晾干后,得到堆彩后的素烧胚;所述素烧胚是由以下重量份原料制备而成:雪球泥 28~40份、高岭土 18~30份、钾长石 8~15份、钠长石8~16份、石英10~20份;
(3)喷釉:将釉料均匀地喷涂在上述堆彩后的素烧胚表层,釉料喷涂厚度为0.5~1.5mm;所述釉料的化学成分以重量份计为:SiO2 45~60份、Al2O3 8~11份、Fe2O3 0.2~0.4份、MgO 3~5份、K2O 6~8份、Na2SiO3 0.5~3.0份、MgSiO3 0.8~3.0份;
(4)烧结:将步骤(3)喷涂釉料的素烧胚放入窑中,于1380~1420℃烧结6~10h。
优选的,所述素烧胚是由以下重量份原料制备而成:雪球泥 35份、高岭土 24份、钾长石 13份、钠长石12份、石英15份。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述釉料的化学成分以重量份计为:SiO2 52份、Al2O3 10份、Fe2O3 0.3份、MgO 4份、K2O 6份、Na2SiO3 2.0份、MgSiO3 1.8份。
其中,上述陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺,步骤(1)中所述色料为本领域常用的矿物色料,如玛瑙红、石青、石绿、银灰、岩黑等。
其中,上述堆彩原料、素烧胚和釉料均可采用本领域常规制备方法制备得到。
上述陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺中所用堆彩原料和釉料成分,为发明人经多次试验配置而成。堆彩原料中利用钠长石、二氧化硅、硅酸镁、硅酸钠、纳米三氧化二锑等组分在烧制时能够合成为刚玉型耐高温颜料,该颜料与含有多种金属氧化物和硅酸盐的釉料、以及素烧胚,在特有的烧结制度下能够完美结合。使得堆于素烧胚上的彩料在烧制时符合胚体到成瓷的收缩率,烧后不开裂,且永不褪色。且采用了专用的特制釉配方,使得成瓷后釉面晶莹透亮,画面五彩缤纷,色彩叠加层次清晰可见。堆彩后的陶瓷既具有传统釉下彩的神韵,又具有雕刻艺术的精美,还有色釉装饰之情趣,集艺术美与思想文化境界为一体。
以下结合具体的实施例对本发明作进一步的解释和说明,但并不因此限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺,该工艺具体包括以下步骤:
(1)配制堆彩原料,所述堆彩原料由以下重量份数组份制备得到:钠长石粉22份、二氧化硅18份、硅酸镁14份、硅酸钠10份、纳米三氧化二锑12份、纳米钛白粉8份、硅胶粉5份、油酸聚氧乙烯酯10份、聚乙烯醇13份、微晶蜡1.5份、硬脂酸钙1份、色料2份和水20份;
(2)素烧胚堆彩:采用步骤(1)制备得到的堆彩原料在素烧胚上进行堆彩,堆彩后可以进行雕刻,待雕刻完后再次进行上彩,待彩料晾干后,得到堆彩后的素烧胚;所述素烧胚是由以下重量份原料制备而成:雪球泥 35份、高岭土 24份、钾长石 13份、钠长石12份、石英15份;
(3)喷釉:将釉料均匀地喷涂在上述堆彩后的素烧胚表层,釉料喷涂厚度为0.5mm;所述釉料的化学成分以重量份计为:SiO2 52份、Al2O3 10份、Fe2O3 0.3份、MgO 4份、K2O 6份、Na2SiO3 2.0份、MgSiO3 1.8份;
(4)烧结:将步骤(3)喷涂釉料的素烧胚放入窑中,于1400℃烧结9h。
堆于素烧胚上的彩料在烧制时符合胚体到成瓷的收缩率,烧后不开裂,且永不褪色。成瓷后釉面晶莹透亮,画面五彩缤纷,色彩叠加层次清晰可见。堆彩后的陶瓷既具有传统釉下彩的神韵,又具有雕刻艺术的精美,还有色釉装饰之情趣,集艺术美与思想文化境界为一体。
实施例2
陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺,该工艺具体包括以下步骤:
(1)配制堆彩原料,所述堆彩原料由以下重量份数组份制备得到:钠长石粉20~28份、二氧化硅16~23份、硅酸镁8~14份、硅酸钠7~12份、纳米三氧化二锑7~13份、纳米钛白粉4~9份、硅胶粉4~7份、油酸聚氧乙烯酯9~15份、聚乙烯醇10~18份、微晶蜡0.5~1.5份、硬脂酸钙1~2份、色料2~4份和水20~25份;
(2)素烧胚堆彩:采用步骤(1)制备得到的堆彩原料在素烧胚上进行堆彩,待彩料晾干后,可以在堆彩上再上色加彩,反复晾干、上色多次,得到堆彩后的素烧胚;所述素烧胚是由以下重量份原料制备而成:雪球泥 30份、高岭土 25份、钾长石 12份、钠长石14份、石英16份;
(3)喷釉:将釉料均匀地喷涂在上述堆彩后的素烧胚表层,釉料喷涂厚度为0.6mm;所述釉料的化学成分以重量份计为:SiO2 48份、Al2O3 11份、Fe2O3 0. 4份、MgO 3份、K2O 6份、Na2SiO3 1.5份、MgSiO3 1.4份;
(4)烧结:将步骤(3)喷涂釉料的素烧胚放入窑中,于1420℃烧结10h。
堆于素烧胚上的彩料在烧制时符合胚体到成瓷的收缩率,烧后不开裂,且永不褪色。成瓷后釉面晶莹透亮,画面五彩缤纷,色彩叠加层次清晰可见。堆彩后的陶瓷既具有传统釉下彩的神韵,又具有雕刻艺术的精美,还有色釉装饰之情趣,集艺术美与思想文化境界为一体。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺,其特征在于,该工艺具体包括以下步骤:
(1)配制堆彩原料,所述堆彩原料由以下重量份数组分制备得到:钠长石粉20~28份、二氧化硅16~23份、硅酸镁8~14份、硅酸钠7~12份、纳米三氧化二锑7~13份、纳米钛白粉4~9份、硅胶粉4~7份、油酸聚氧乙烯酯9~15份、聚乙烯醇10~18份、微晶蜡0.5~1.5份、硬脂酸钙1~2份、色料2~4份和水20~25份;
(2)素烧胚堆彩:采用步骤(1)制备得到的堆彩原料在素烧胚上进行堆彩,堆彩后进行雕刻或者在堆彩上再上色加彩,待彩料晾干后,得到堆彩后的素烧胚;
(3)喷釉:将釉料均匀地喷涂在上述堆彩后的素烧胚表层,釉料喷涂厚度为0.5~1.5mm;
(4)烧结:将步骤(3)喷涂釉料的素烧胚放入窑中,于1380~1420℃烧结6~10h。
2.根据权利要求1所述陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺,其特征在于,所述素烧胚是由以下重量份原料制备而成:雪球泥28~40份、高岭土18~30份、钾长石8~15份、钠长石8~16份、石英10~20份。
3.根据权利要求2所述陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺,其特征在于,所述素烧胚是由以下重量份原料制备而成:雪球泥35份、高岭土24份、钾长石13份、钠长石12份、石英15份。
4.根据权利要求1所述陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述釉料的化学成分以重量份计为:SiO2 45~60份、Al2O3 8~11份、Fe2O3 0.2~0.4份、MgO3~5份、K2O 6~8份、Na2SiO3 0.5~3.0份、MgSiO3 0.8~3.0份。
5.根据权利要求4所述陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述釉料的化学成分以重量份计为:SiO2 52份、Al2O3 10份、Fe2O3 0.3份、MgO 4份、K2O 6份、Na2SiO3 2.0份、MgSiO3 1.8份。
6.根据权利要求1所述陶瓷釉下堆彩工艺,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述色料为矿物色料,包括但不限于玛瑙红、石青、石绿、银灰和岩黑。
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