CN106879332B - Application of ethionine in improving salt resistance of turfgrass - Google Patents
Application of ethionine in improving salt resistance of turfgrass Download PDFInfo
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- CN106879332B CN106879332B CN201710084290.6A CN201710084290A CN106879332B CN 106879332 B CN106879332 B CN 106879332B CN 201710084290 A CN201710084290 A CN 201710084290A CN 106879332 B CN106879332 B CN 106879332B
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- GGLZPLKKBSSKCX-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-ethionine Chemical compound CCSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O GGLZPLKKBSSKCX-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses application of ethionine in improving the salt resistance of turfgrass. Application of ethionine in improving salt resistance of turfgrass. Preferably 250-300mg.L to the leaf surface of the lawn grass‑1Ethionine of (a); further preferably spraying 250mg.L to the leaf surface of the lawn grass‑1Ethionine (c). A biological preparation for improving salt tolerance of turfgrass comprises 250-300mg.L‑1Ethionine of (a); preferably 250mg.L‑1Ethionine (c). The lawn quality higher than that of the control is shown by the treatment of spraying ethionine with different concentrations on the leaf surfaces. Wherein the concentration of the foliage spray is 250mg.L‑1、300mg.L‑1、350mg.L‑1The ethionine can improve the salt tolerance of the festuca arundinacea, and the concentration is 250mg.L‑1The ethionine has the best effect of improving the salt tolerance of the festuca arundinacea. This indicates that foliar spray of ethionine has a positive effect on Festuca arundinacea in response to salt stress.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lawn planting and maintenance management, and relates to application of ethionine in improving salt resistance of turfgrass.
Background
Ethionine (Ethionine) is a sulfur-containing amino acid of formula C6H13NO2S, molecular weight 163.24. Research shows that ethionine not only can be combined with amino acid to react, but also has strong reducibility. The ethionine can change the structure and the function of cells, reduce membrane peroxidation and change the permeability of cell membranes to ester substances.
Ethionine used for cold resistance of tomatoThe cold resistance of the product is improved by sexual induction. At its optimum concentration of 300mg.L-1Preparing an ethionine solution, uniformly spraying the ethionine solution on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes, and then measuring various physiological indexes of the tomatoes, such as electrolyte leakage rate, peroxidase activity, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, proline content, catalase activity and the like, wherein the cold resistance of the tomato seedlings treated by the induced ethionine is higher than that of the tomato seedlings treated at low temperature. It has also been shown that the application of a certain amount of ethionine in the soil has a certain positive effect on the release of ethylene by tomatoes in stress, regulates the endogenous hormone level of plants, and slows down senescence and death. Ethionine has a similar structure to methionine, so that ethionine can be used in place of methionine in cells to participate in protein synthesis, but no report is provided on the application of the substance to turfgrass.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides application of ethionine in improving the salt resistance of turfgrass.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
application of ethionine in improving salt resistance of turfgrass.
The application is preferably to spray 250-300mg.L to the leaf surface of the lawn grass-1Ethionine of (a); further preferably spraying 250mg.L to the leaf surface of the lawn grass-1Ethionine (c).
A biological preparation for improving salt tolerance of turfgrass comprises 250-300mg.L-1Ethionine of (a); preferably 250mg.L-1Ethionine (c).
Has the advantages that:
the control treated turf was the worst quality under salt stress. The lawn quality superior to the control is shown by the treatment of spraying ethionine with different concentrations on the leaf surfaces. Wherein the concentration of the foliar spray is 200mg.L-1、250mg.L-1、300mg.L-1、350mg.L-1The ethionine can improve the salt tolerance of the festuca arundinacea but 250mg.L-1The ethionine has the best effect of improving the salt tolerance of the festuca arundinacea. This indicates that foliar spray application of ethionamideAcids have a positive effect on tall fescue in response to salt stress.
Spraying 250mg.L on leaf surface under salt stress-1The aqueous solution of ethionine can improve the salt tolerance of the perennial festuca arundinacea, which is particularly characterized by higher relative leaf growth rate (RGR), relative leaf water content (RWC), Osmotic Potential (OP), photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and lower electrolyte leakage rate (EL) and Malondialdehyde (MDA). The method is characterized in that the ethionine is sprayed to the festuca arundinacea under the salt stress, so that the accumulation of MDA can be effectively reduced, the damage of membrane lipid peroxidation is reduced, and the integrity and the stability of cell membranes are protected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 Effect of spraying ethionine of different concentrations on lawn quality under salt stress
FIG. 2 Effect of Ethionine on the relative growth Rate of leaves under salt stress
FIG. 3 Effect of Ethionine on photochemical efficiency under salt stress
FIG. 4 Effect of Ethionine on relative Water content of leaves under salt stress
FIG. 5 Effect of ethionine on electrolyte leakage Rate under salt stress
FIG. 6 Effect of ethionine on osmotic potential under salt stress
FIG. 7 Effect of Ethanethionine on malondialdehyde content under salt stress
Detailed Description
Example 1
1 test Material
The test material is Festuca arundinacea 'acid 3' (Festuca arundinacea cv. 'acid 3') and the material culture is carried out by adopting a vegetative propagation method. A piece of tall fescue turf grown for 2 years is dug in 2015, 4 months and 15 days and is transplanted into a PVC pipe (the diameter is 11cm, the height is 50cm) filled with a full-sand matrix, and sand is coarse sand in the washing of Yangtze river. The lawn grass is pre-cultured in a greenhouse, watered for 1 time every 2d, and trimmed according to the principle of 1/3, and the height is kept about 5 cm. And applying the compound fertilizer once during the pre-culture period, and paying attention to prevention of plant diseases and insect pests.
2 design of the experiment
The test treatment was started when the material had been pre-incubated to good growth. Ethionine with 4 concentrationsGradient, respectively 200mg.L-1、 250mg.L-1、300mg.L-1、350mg.L-1. Different treatment concentrations were 5 replicates. Spraying the leaf surface at 0d, and spraying once every 7 d.
The test adopts a random block design, and the total number of the treatments is 6, which are respectively as follows:
A. in contrast, irrigating 200mL of water, and spraying distilled water on leaf surfaces;
B. pouring 200mL of 250mM NaCl aqueous solution with salt, and spraying distilled water on leaf surfaces;
C. salt +200mg.L-1Ethionine is poured into 200mL of 250mM NaCl aqueous solution and sprayed on the leaf surfaces of 200mg-1Ethionine;
D. salt +250mg.L-1Ethionine is poured into 200mL of 250mM NaCl aqueous solution and is sprayed to the leaf surfaces by 250mg-1Ethionine;
E. salt +300mg.L-1Ethionine is poured into 200mL of 250mM NaCl aqueous solution and sprayed on leaf surfaces by 300mg.L-1Ethionine;
F. salt +350mg.L-1Ethionine is poured into 200mL of 250mM NaCl aqueous solution and sprayed on the leaf surfaces by 350mg-1Ethionine;
photographs were recorded and lawn quality (TQ) was evaluated at test 0d, 7d, 14d, 21d, 28d, 35d, respectively. Each pipe is sprayed with 10mL of distilled water or solution, the atomization is required to be good when the solution is sprayed, the spraying is uniform, and water drops do not fall into soil. The control group was sprayed on the foliage with the same amount of distilled water instead of the drug solution. To avoid salt-induced damage, irrigation was carried out at 0-5 days with increasing salt concentration of 50mM per day, i.e., 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250mM until the final salt concentration was reached. After which it was rinsed with 200mL of 250mM NaCl aqueous solution daily.
Lawn quality (Turf quality, TQ): based on the American NTEP evaluation standard and improved, the method carries out 1-9-point comprehensive scoring according to the change of indexes such as texture, color, wilting degree and withering rate of lawn grass, 9 points are ideal lawns with dark green leaf color, no shrinkage, no wilting and no withering, 1 point is completely withered and yellow even dead lawns, and 6 points are normal visually acceptable lawns.
3 data processing
The obtained evaluation data were collated with Excel 2010, and variance analysis was performed with SPSS program analysis software (SPSS statisticsv17.0), and the differences between the means were compared by selecting the least significant difference method (LSD), and the significance level P was 0.05. The SigmaPlot 11.0 software was used for mapping.
4 results of the test
As can be seen from FIG. 1, under normal watering conditions, the lawn quality of Festuca arundinacea does not change significantly and remains between 8.4 and 8.6.
Under the salt stress, the lawn quality of the festuca arundinacea is greatly reduced. The quality of the festuca arundinacea control treated turf was 1.0 when salt stress occurred for 35 days. The action of relieving the salt damage can be realized to different degrees by respectively spraying ethionine with different concentrations, and the lawn quality is maintained to a certain degree. Wherein, 250mg.L-1The mass of the lawn treated by the ethionine is 6.0, which is 5 times higher than that of the control and is higher than that of the lawn treated by spraying the ethionine with other concentrations.
Example 2
1 test Material
The test material is festuca arundinacea 'acid 3' (f. arundinacea cv. 'acid 3') and the material culture is carried out by a vegetative propagation method. A piece of tall fescue turf grown for 2 years is dug in 10 months in 2015 and transplanted into a PVC pipe (diameter 11cm, height 50cm) filled with a full sand matrix, wherein the sand is coarse sand in the washing of Yangtze river. The lawn grass is pre-cultured in a greenhouse, watered for 1 time every 2d, and trimmed once according to the principle of 1/3, and the height is kept about 5 cm. And applying the compound fertilizer once during the pre-culture period, and paying attention to prevention of plant diseases and insect pests.
2 design of the experiment
And (3) pre-culturing the materials until the materials grow well, and then transferring the materials to an artificial climate chamber, wherein the conditions are set as follows: the day temperature is 30 ℃, the night temperature is 25 ℃, the illumination time is 14h, and the illumination intensity is 600 mu mol-2.s-1And relative humidity 60%. Test treatment was started two weeks after acclimation. According to the early-stage concentration screening result, the spraying concentration of ethionine is selected to be 250mg-15 repeats. Foliage spray was started at 0d and sprayed 1 time every 7 d.
Random block design is adopted, and 4 treatments are respectively adopted:
A. in contrast, irrigating 200mL of water, and spraying distilled water on leaf surfaces;
B. control + ethionine, irrigating 200mL, spraying 250mg on leaf surface-1Ethionine;
C. treating salt, pouring 200mL of 250mM NaCl aqueous solution, and spraying distilled water on leaf surfaces;
D. salt treatment and ethionine, pouring 200mL of 250mM NaCl aqueous solution, and spraying 250mg on leaf surfaces-1Ethionine.
Photographs were recorded and lawn quality (TQ) was evaluated at test 0d, 7d, 14d, 21d, 28d, 35d, respectively. Each pipe is sprayed with 10mL of corresponding distilled water or solution, the atomization is required to be good when the spraying is carried out, the spraying is uniform, and water drops do not fall into soil. The control group was sprayed with the same amount of distilled water instead of the liquid medicine on the foliage. To avoid salt-shock effects, the saline concentration was increased by 50mM daily for 0-5 days, and the saline concentration was increased by 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250mM until the final saline concentration was reached. After which it was rinsed with 200mL of 250mM NaCl aqueous solution daily.
3 data processing
Data were analyzed for variance using SPSS software (SPSS Statistics V17.0) and differences between means were compared using Fisher's least significant difference method (LSD), with a significance level P of 0.05 plotted using SigmaPlot 11.0 software.
4 measurement of indices and results
4.1 Relative Growth Rate (RGR)
Randomly selecting 5 plants from each repetition for marking, and measuring the plant height of the marked plants before each sampling as l0Recording; the heights of the five marked festuca arundinacea plants are measured again after the sampling, and are taken as l1And (6) recording. Calculating the formula: relative growth Rate RGR (cm.d)-1) (measured before this sampling ═ l0L measured after the last sampling1) And/7 d. As can be seen in FIG. 2, there was no significant difference between the RGR of ethionine treatment and the control under normal watering conditions. Salt treatment caused a rapid decrease in RGR, but foliar spray of ethionine relieved the decrease in RGR. When the salt is stressed for 28 days, the RGR of the sprayed ethionine is 12 times higher than that of the control5 times. Control stopped growth when salt stressed 35d, but spray ethionine RGR 0.23cm. d-1Significantly higher than control (P)<0.05). 4.2 photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm)
The completely unfolded leaf of the tall fescue is randomly selected, clamped by a leaf clamp and adapted in dark for 30 min. And (3) placing the measuring probe on a leaf clamp of the chlorophyll fluorescence efficiency analyzer, opening a shading sheet of the leaf clamp, exposing the dark adapted part to exciting light provided by a 600nm solid-state light source, and measuring the photochemical efficiency value of the leaf. As can be seen from FIG. 3, under normal watering conditions, there was no significant difference in Fv/Fm between treatments with ethionine spray on Festuca arundinacea from 0d to 35d, but the salt treatment gradually decreased the Fv/Fm with the increase of treatment time. At 35d salt treatment, the Fv/Fm of salt treatment with sprayed ethionine was significantly higher than that of salt treatment alone (P < 0.05).
4.3 leaf Relative Water Content (RWC)
Cutting about 0.2g of completely unfolded leaves, immediately weighing Fresh Weight (FW), wrapping the leaves with absorbent paper, soaking the wrapped leaves in distilled water for 24 hours, taking out the leaves, wiping off surface moisture, immediately weighing saturated absorbent weight (TW), putting the leaves into an oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 72 hours, weighing Dry Weight (DW), and calculating according to the following formula, wherein RWC (%) (FW-DW)/(TW-DW) × 100 is the relative water content of the leaves.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, under the condition of normal watering, the relative water content of the leaves treated with or without ethionine has no significant difference, RWC is rapidly reduced under the condition of salt stress, but the water loss of the leaves is reduced by spraying ethionine on the leaves, and the salt treatment by spraying ethionine on the leaves is significantly higher than the RWC treated by single salt from 14 d; at 35d treatment, the RWC of salt stress treatment alone was 68.6%, whereas the RWC of foliar spray ethionine was 83%, 20% higher than control (P < 0.05).
4.4 leaf electrolyte leakage Rate (EL)
About 0.2g of fresh leaves were taken at random and the leaf surface was rinsed with deionized water until no smudging was attached to the leaf surface. After being washed clean, the leaves are wrapped by absorbent paper and placed in a 50mL centrifuge tube filled with 30mL deionized water, sealed and placed in a shaking table, and shaken at room temperature at a shaking speed of 180 r/min. After 24h, the measurement is carried out by a conductivity meterDetermining initial conductivity value C of solution0Placing the centrifuge tube into a sterilizing pot, sterilizing at 120 deg.C under high pressure for 20min, placing on a shaking table, shaking for 24 hr, taking out, and measuring conductivity C1. Calculating the formula: electrolyte leakage rate EL (%) ═ C0/Cl×l00。
As can be seen from FIG. 5, under normal watering conditions, there was no difference in electrolyte leakage rate between the ethionine spray treatment and the control, and salt stress rapidly increased EL. At 28d when salt stress occurred, EL (37%) for salt treatment alone was significantly higher than EL (29%) for foliar spray ethionine salt treatment. When the salt is stressed for 35 days, the electrolyte leakage rate of the festuca arundinacea sprayed with distilled water is 43 percent, and the electrolyte leakage rate of the festuca arundinacea treated by ethionine is 21 percent respectively. There was a significant difference between the control and ethionine treatment (P < 0.05).
4.5 Osmotic Potential (OP)
0.5g of fresh leaves are randomly selected, cleaned of dirt on the leaf surface, wrapped by absorbent paper and placed in a 50ml centrifuge tube filled with deionized water. Soaking for 4-8 hours. After soaking, the leaves were taken out, the surface of the leaves was blotted with absorbent paper, and the leaves were immediately put into a 1.5mL centrifuge tube. Putting into liquid nitrogen for 1 h. Taking out, placing the centrifuge tube on ice, mashing the leaves, collecting the juice, and measuring the osmolality (mmol.kg) with osmometer-1) The calculation formula is OP (MPa) ═ C × 2.58.58 2.58 × 10-3。
As can be seen from fig. 6, under normal watering conditions, there was no significant difference in OP between treatments with and without foliar spray application of ethionine from 0d to 35d, with salt stress, the OP decreased gradually with increasing treatment time, and at 28d, the OP of foliar spray application of ethionine salt treatment started to be significantly higher than that of salt treatment alone (P < 0.05).
4.6 Malondialdehyde (MDA) content
And (3) MDA content determination: 2mL of the reaction solution and 1mL of the enzyme solution were added to the reaction mixture, and the control was 2mL of the reaction solution and 1mL of distilled water. Placing in a water bath at 95 deg.C for 30min, immediately cooling on ice to room temperature. The homogenate was centrifuged at 12000r/min for 10min at 4 ℃. The absorbance of the supernatant was measured at 450, 532 and 600 nm.
MDA concentration C (. mu. mol/L) ═ MDA6.45×(A532-A600)-0.56×A450
MDA content (. mu.mol.g)-1FW) ═ C (mu mol/L) × dilution multiple × total volume of extract/fresh weight of sample
As can be seen from FIG. 7, under normal watering conditions, spraying ethionine on the leaf surfaces has no influence on the MDA content of the festuca arundinacea, but the MDA content is increased by salt stress, and the MDA content of single salt treatment is 26.8 mu mol-1FW, MDA content of 22.1 mu mol.g treated by spraying ethionine on leaf surface-1FW, significantly lower than the former (P)<0.05)。
Claims (5)
1. Application of ethionine in improving salt resistance of turfgrass.
2. The application as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying is carried out at 250-300mg.L to the foliage of the lawn grass-1Ethionine (c).
3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that 250mg.L is sprayed onto the foliage of turfgrass-1Ethionine (c).
4. A biological agent for improving the salt tolerance of turfgrass is characterized by comprising 250-300mg.L-1Ethionine (c).
5. The formulation according to claim 4, characterized by comprising 250mg.L-1Ethionine (c).
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