CN113647407A

CN113647407A - Application of sodium sulfate in improving salt resistance of turfgrass

Info

Publication number: CN113647407A
Application number: CN202110856475.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈煜�; 于晴; 刘君; 金志贴; 刘宇
Original assignee: Shuyang Zhouji Tiaoyuan Lawn Professional Cooperative; Nanjing Agricultural University
Current assignee: Shuyang Zhouji Tiaoyuan Lawn Professional Cooperative; Nanjing Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-07-28
Filing date: 2021-07-28
Publication date: 2021-11-16

Abstract

The invention discloses application of sodium sulfate in improving salt resistance of turfgrass. Application of sodium sulfate in improving salt resistance of turfgrass. Preferably, 0 and 21.5 mmol/L sodium sulfate is added into the lawn grass culture solution, and under the salt stress, the 21.5 mmol/L sodium sulfate is added to promote the chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis of leaves of seashore paspalum lawn grass, and simultaneously, the malondialdehyde content can be obviously reduced, and the damage under the salt stress can be relieved. This indicates that the addition of 21.5 mmol/L sodium sulfate has a positive effect on seashore paspalum in response to salt stress.

Description

Application of sodium sulfate in improving salt resistance of turfgrass

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of lawn planting and maintenance management, and relates to application of sodium sulfate in improving salt resistance of turfgrass.

Background

The sulfur element (S) is an essential nutrient element for the growth and development of plants, participates in a plurality of important metabolic processes and physiological functions in the plants, and can seriously inhibit the normal growth of the plants even withering and death due to sulfur deficiency. Thus, sulfur is also known as the fourth major nutrient element following npk. After sulfur is absorbed by plants, many compounds (glucosinolates and allylsulfur molecules) related to an adverse resistance protection system, essential amino acids (methionine and cysteine) related to nutrition, polypeptide substances (phytochelatin and glutathione) for oxidation resistance and the like can be synthesized. Existing research on elemental sulfur has focused primarily on its increase in plant yield and nutritional diagnosis of some commercial crops under stress.

The salinization of soil becomes an important environmental factor influencing agricultural production and ecological construction, improves the salt tolerance of plants and efficiently utilizes the salinized soil, has important significance for agricultural sustainable development, and is a hotspot of modern agricultural scientific research. Many advances have been made in the study of salt tolerance in plants, mainly focusing on resource evaluation, gene improvement, and exogenous application. In recent years, the application of exogenous substances to alleviate the salt damage of plants has become a hot point for the research on salt tolerance mechanisms, such as gibberellin, vitamins, salicylic acid, calcium nutrition, aminolevulinic acid, amino acid chelated iron and other common exogenous substances. However, whether the sulfur element can relieve the damage of turfgrass under the salt stress is not reported.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention aims to overcome the above disadvantages of the prior art and to provide the use of sodium sulfate for improving the salt resistance of turfgrass.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

application of sodium sulfate in improving salt resistance of turfgrass.

The application comprises the step of adding 21.5 mmol/L sodium sulfate into the turfgrass culture solution.

Has the advantages that:

under the salt stress, the growth of lawns containing sodium sulfate and without sodium sulfate is compared, and the salt tolerance of the seashore paspalum lawns can be obviously improved by adding 21.5 mmol/L of the lawn, specifically represented by lower malondialdehyde content, higher photosynthetic rate, photochemical efficiency, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content. The result shows that the accumulation of malondialdehyde can be effectively reduced by adding 21.5 mmol/L sodium sulfate under the stress of salt, the damage of membrane lipid peroxidation is reduced, and the integrity and stability of cell membranes are protected.

Drawings

FIG. 1 Effect of sodium sulfate addition on lawn growth under salt stress

FIG. 2 Effect of sodium sulfate addition on photosynthetic Rate under salt stress

FIG. 3 Effect of sodium sulfate addition on transpiration Rate under salt stress

FIG. 4 Effect of sodium sulfate addition on stomatal conductance under salt stress

FIG. 5 Effect of sodium sulfate addition on photochemical efficiency under salt stress

FIG. 6 Effect of sodium sulfate addition on chlorophyll content under salt stress

FIG. 7 Effect of sodium sulfate addition on malondialdehyde content under salt stress

Detailed Description

Example 1

1 test Material

The test material was seashore paspalum: (Paspalum vaginatum) 'Sea Isle 2000' by vegetative propagation. Cutting grass stems (10 cm in length and 2 nodes) with good consistency in 2013, 7 and 15 months, randomly selecting 10 plants, fixing the 10 plants at the position of a pipe orifice of a plastic long cylindrical pipe (the bottom of the pipe is perforated) with the diameter of 2.5 cm and the depth of 10cm by using sponge. The pipes with planted grass stalks were fixed on perforated circular foam boards (diameter about 15 cm), one for each 6 pipes. Finally the foam plate was suspended in a keg containing 1L of nutrient solution. The nutrient solution comprises 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution: 2.5 mM Ca (NO)₃)₂·4H₂O, 2.5 mM KNO₃, 1 mM MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.5 mM KH₂PO₄, 46 μM H₃BO₃, 9 μM MnCl₂·4H₂O, 0.8 μM ZnSO₄·7H₂O, 0.1 μM H₂MoO₄·H₂O, 0.3 μM CuSO₄·5H₂O, and 20. mu.M Fe-EDTA. Culturing in a phytotron, and setting the conditions as follows: the day temperature is 30 ℃, the night temperature is 25 ℃, the illumination time is 12 hours, and the illumination intensity is 1000 mu mol.m^-2.s^-1And relative humidity 65%. The nutrient solution was changed every three days and the material was maintained consistent by pruning once a week. After 20 days of culture, the following treatments were performed when the material growth was consistent.

2 design of the experiment

The test treatment was started when the material had been pre-incubated to good growth. The culture was continued using 1/2 Hoagland Nutrients, and 21.5 mmol/L sodium sulfate was not added and added, respectively. After 10 and 20 days of treatment, the plant phenotype was observed and recorded by photography.

The cultured material was subjected to the following treatments, 4 biological replicates, using a randomized block design, for a total of 4 treatments:

CK: sodium sulfate was not added;

CK + S: adding 21.5 mmol/L sodium sulfate;

CK + NaCl: sodium sulfate + 250 mM NaCl was not added;

CK + S + NaCl: 21.5 mmol/L sodium sulfate + 250 mM NaCl.

The following criteria were determined at

test treatments

10d and 20 d:

A. photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate: the measurement is carried out by adopting an LI-6400XT portable photosynthetic apparatus, and the measurement time is selected as 13% in the afternoon: 00, selecting leaves with consistent leaf age during measurement, quickly cutting 4-6 leaves, flatly spreading and spreading, measuring the width of the leaves, placing the leaves in a preheated leaf chamber (4 cm 2), and measuring and recording the photosynthetic rate (Pn), the stomatal conductance (Gs) and the transpiration rate (Tr) after the concentration of carbon dioxide on a screen is stable.

B. Photochemical efficiency: the completely unfolded leaf of the tall fescue is randomly selected, clamped by a leaf clamp and adapted in dark for 30 min. And (3) placing the measuring probe on a leaf clamp of the chlorophyll fluorescence efficiency analyzer, opening a shading sheet of the leaf clamp, exposing the dark adapted part to exciting light provided by a600 nm solid-state light source, and measuring the photochemical efficiency value of the leaf.

C. Chlorophyll content: approximately 0.05 g of fresh plant leaves are weighed out and soaked in a test tube containing 10ml of 95% ethanol until the leaves are completely whitened, and colorimetric determination is carried out. Pouring the chlorophyll pigment extract into a cuvette, adjusting to zero with 95% ethanol as control, and measuring absorbance at 665nm and 649 nm. The chlorophyll concentration was thus calculated according to the following relation:

Ca=13.95 A665－6.88 A649

Cb=24.96 A649－7.32 A665

in the formula: ca. Cb is the concentration of chlorophyll a and b, and a + b is the total concentration of chlorophyll. Chloroplast pigment content = (pigment concentration × volume of extract solution)/fresh weight of sample, unit mg/g DW.

D. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content: 2 mL of the reaction solution and 1 mL of the enzyme solution were added to the reaction mixture, and the control was 2 mL of the reaction solution and 1 mL of distilled water. Placing in a water bath at 95 deg.C for 30min, immediately cooling on ice to room temperature. The homogenate was centrifuged at 12000r/min for 10min at 4 ℃. The absorbance of the supernatant was measured at 450, 532 and 600 nm.

MDA concentration C (μmol/L) =6.45 × (A532-A600) -0.56 × A450

MDA content (. mu.mol.g)^-1FW) = C (mu mol/L) × dilution times total volume of extract/fresh weight of sample

3 data processing

Data were analyzed for variance using SPSS software (SPSS Statistics V17.0) and differences between means were compared by selecting Fisher's least significant difference method (LSD), significance level P =0.05 and plotted using SigmaPlot 11.0 software.

4 measurement of indices and results

4.1 lawn growth

As shown in FIG. 1, the sodium sulfate treatment properly promoted the growth of seashore paspalum under normal growth conditions. Under the condition of salt stress treatment, the application of sodium sulfate can obviously relieve the symptoms of water loss, yellowing and withering of the leaves of seashore paspalum under the condition of salt stress. The difference was not evident at 10d, and the difference was evident at day 20 with sodium sulfate. In general, the salt tolerance of the seashore paspalum can be obviously improved by applying the sodium sulfate externally.

4.2 photosynthetic Rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration Rate

The net photosynthetic rate is an indicator that can directly reflect the growth of plants. It is evident from fig. 2 that the sodium sulfate and sodium sulfate-free treatments were significantly different at 10d and 20d of salt stress, and the net photosynthetic rates of the sulfur-containing treatment were 96% and 60% higher at 10d and 20d than those of the sulfur-free treatment, respectively. Transpiration rate changes as shown in fig. 3, the reduction ratio of the treatment with and without sulfur addition was 39.9% and 63.3% under salt stress, respectively. The transpiration rate reduction ratios for the sulfur-treated and non-sulfur-treated samples were 14.3% and 34.4%, respectively, in the absence of external stress and 55.6% and 67.6%, respectively, in the presence of external stress, relative to the 0d at 20d (FIG. 3). The stomatal conductance indicates the degree of stomatal opening, which affects photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the difference between the treatments with and without sulfur is significant at 10 and 20 days of salt stress, and the stomatal conductance values of the sulfur treatment are respectively 56.9% and 42.6% higher than that of the sulfur-free treatment at 10 and 20 days; the rate of decrease in salt stress compared to normal conditions was significantly lower with the sulphurizing treatment (42.1%) than without the sulphurizing treatment (66.7%).

4.3 photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll content

Photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) is a physiological indicator closely related to net photosynthetic rate and directly reflects the degree of stress injury to plants. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the difference between the treatments with and without sulfur addition was significant at 10 and 20 days of salt stress, and the photochemical efficiency of the sulfur addition treatment was improved by 6.8% and 7.9% at 10 and 20 days, respectively, compared with the treatment without sulfur addition, indicating that the exogenous sulfur addition treatment can improve the photochemical efficiency under salt stress. At 10d salt stress treatment, the reduction ratio of the treatment with and without sulfur addition was 2.7% and 5.3%, respectively, as compared with the normal condition. At salt stress treatment 20d, the reduction ratio of the treatment with and without sulfur addition was 2.7% and 10.7%, respectively.

The chlorophyll content is an important index for determining the photosynthetic rate, and as can be seen from fig. 6, the difference between the treatment with and without adding sulfur is significant when salt is stressed for 20 days, and the chlorophyll content of the treatment with sulfur is 13.9% higher than that of the treatment without sulfur at 20 days. Salt stress significantly reduced chlorophyll content, and the reduction ratio (13.5%) of chlorophyll content with sulfur treatment was significantly lower than 24.6% without sulfur treatment.

4.4 malondialdehyde content

The content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the embodiment of the peroxidation degree of plant cell membranous substances, and the high content of MDA indicates that the peroxidation degree of the plant cell membranous substances is high and the cell membrane is seriously damaged. As can be seen from fig. 7, salt stress significantly promoted the increase in malondialdehyde content. There was no significant difference in MDA content between the two treatments with and without sulfur addition at 10 days of salt stress; at 20 days of salt stress, the MDA content with sulphur treatment was significantly lower than without sulphur treatment.

The results show that the growth, photosynthetic rate, photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll content of the seashore paspalum are obviously reduced under the salt stress, and the exogenous addition of 21.5 mmol/L sodium sulfate can promote chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis on one hand; meanwhile, the content of malondialdehyde can be obviously reduced, and the damage under salt stress can be relieved.

Claims

1. Application of sodium sulfate in improving salt resistance of turfgrass.

2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that 0-21.5 mmol/L sodium sulphate is added to the turfgrass broth.

3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that 21.5 mmol/L sodium sulphate is added to the turfgrass broth.