CN106864245A - 一种带锁止功能的双电机双行星排式动力耦合结构及控制方法 - Google Patents

一种带锁止功能的双电机双行星排式动力耦合结构及控制方法 Download PDF

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CN106864245A
CN106864245A CN201710033922.6A CN201710033922A CN106864245A CN 106864245 A CN106864245 A CN 106864245A CN 201710033922 A CN201710033922 A CN 201710033922A CN 106864245 A CN106864245 A CN 106864245A
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clutch
motor
brake
engine
planet carrier
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CN106864245B (zh
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汪少华
李佳芯
施德华
贺春荣
何建强
夏斌
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Jiangsu University
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Abstract

一种带锁止功能的双电机双行星排式动力耦合结构及控制方法，包括发动机，离合器A，制动器A，行星齿轮机构A，制动器B，电机A，离合器B，电机B，行星齿轮机构B，离合器C，离合器D。发动机通过离合器A与齿圈A相连，齿圈A通过行星架A、离合器D与输出轴相连；行星齿轮A由太阳轮A，行星架A，行星轮A，齿圈A组成；行星齿轮机构B包括太阳轮B、行星架B、行星轮B和齿圈；本结构通过离合器A、离合器B、离合器C、离合器D和制动器A、制动器B的松开与结合，使汽车可以在多种工作模式下运行，实现转速、转矩的解耦，满足多种复杂工况，使燃油经济性、动力性得到提高。

Description

一种带锁止功能的双电机双行星排式动力耦合结构及控制 方法
技术领域
本发明属于新能源汽车节能技术领域，尤其涉及到一种带锁止功能的双电机双行星排式动力耦合结构及控制方法。
背景技术
随着当今经济的快速发展，环境污染与节能环保问题越来越受到人们的广关注，政府也加大对新能源这一领域的引领与研究，传统汽车面临着传动效率低，排放尾气污染环境等问题，已越来越不能满足要求，但纯电动汽车的发展现阶段也受到了限制，主要是电池新技术的研发瓶颈，难以满足汽车长距离的行驶里程的要求，所以混合动力是现阶段最好的一种选择。由于混合动力汽车有多个动力源，则需要增设动力耦合机构调节各动力源的转速和转矩，动力耦合机构的选取则直接影响到混合动力汽车的整车的性能。混合动力汽车根据不同的动力耦合机构，主要有以下几种方式实现多动力源的耦合输出：转速耦合、转矩耦合、和混合耦合。其中混合耦合汇集了多种耦合方式的优点，能够实现多种工作模式，且可以同时实现发动机转速和转矩的解耦。混合动力兼顾了传统汽车与纯电动汽车的技术，在传统汽车的结构上加上电机，电池，形成一个具有多个动力源的结构，通过合理地协调电机，发动机，电池，使发动机运行于高效率区间，提高整体的燃油经济性。此结构则能够实现多种工作模式，可以实现转速与转矩的解耦。
新技术的发展对混合动力汽车提出的更高的要求，混合动力汽车通过对离合器，制动器的开合控制，能够在多种模式下进行工作，能够使模式切换过程更加的平顺减少冲击，具有更好的制动回收能力，同时不降低整车的舒适性，使整车具有更好的动力性和燃油经济性。
发明内容
本装置是一种新型的混合动力耦合机构，通过离合器和制动器的松开与结合，使混合动力汽车具有多种运行模式，实现汽车转矩转速的解耦，使汽车在不同的工况下实现更高效率的运行。
本发明解决该技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种带锁止功能的双电机双行星排式动力耦合结构，包括发动机、离合器A、制动器A、行星齿轮机构A、制动器B、电机A、离合器B、电机B、行星齿轮机构B、离合器C和离合器D；所述太阳轮A和太阳轮B同轴布置；
所述发动机的输出轴通过离合器A与齿圈A连接；所述齿圈A通过行星架A、离合器D与驱动轴连接；所述行星齿轮机构A包括太阳轮A、行星架A、齿圈A和行星轮A；所述齿圈A内齿与行星轮A相啮合，所述行星轮A与太阳轮A相啮合；四个结构相同的行星轮A均匀分布在行星架A中心轴线距离相等的圆周上，且空套在行星架A上；所述制动器A与行星架A相连，用于对行星架A进行制动；
所述行星齿轮机构B包括太阳轮B、行星架B和行星轮B；所述行星轮B与太阳轮B相啮合；四个结构相同的行星轮B均匀分布在到行星架B中心轴线距离相等的圆周上，且空套在行星架B上；
所述电机A、电机B固定在动力耦合机构的壳体上；所述电机A通过制动器B与太阳轮A连接；电机A通过离合器B与电机B相连；所述电机B与太阳轮B同轴相连，太阳轮B通过行星架B、离合器与输出轴相连；所述制动器B与电机A连接，实现电机A的制动与释放。
进一步的，当混合动力汽车中电机参与驱动时，可以由电机B单独驱动，或者由电机A和电机B联合驱动；当进行联合驱动时，可以由发动机与电机A进行联合驱动，或发动机与电机B进行联合驱动；当进行再生制动时，电机B既可以单独工作，也可以和电机A联合工作。
混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构的控制方法，可实现如下模式：
纯电动模式：
实现电机B的单独纯电动驱动，离合器C结合，制动器A、制动器B、离合器A、离合器B、离合器D不工作，电机B输出通过太阳轮B、行星轮B、行星架B、离合器C传递给输出轴；
实现电机A与电机B的联合驱动，此时离合器B结合、离合器C结合，制动器A、制动器B、离合器A、离合器D不工作，动力通过太阳轮B、行星轮B、行星架B、离合器C传递给输出轴；当车速较低或者汽车启动时，车速未达到发动机怠速，为避免发动机工作在低效率区，此时可以以纯电动模式工作，来满足混合动力汽车启动和低速驱动时的动力性能，提高混合动力汽车的燃油经济性；
发动机驱动模式：离合器A结合、离合器D结合、制动器B锁止，制动器A、离合器B、离合器C不工作，此时动力通过离合器A、齿圈A、行星轮A、行星架A、离合器D传递给输出轴；
发动机驱动并充电模式：此时离合器A结合、离合器D结合，离合器B、离合器C、制动器A、制动器B不工作，发动机动力传递经离合器A、齿圈A、行星轮A分两部分，一部分是经行星架A、离合器D传递给输出轴，一部分是经太阳轮A传递给电机A；当车速较高时，且发动机处于高效率运行区，可采取发动机单独驱动模式或行车充电模式；
联合驱动模式：实现发动机与电机A的联合驱动，此时离合器A结合、离合器D结合、制动器B松开，离合器B、离合器C、制动器A不工作，此时发动机动力通过离合器A、齿圈A、行星架A、离合器D传递给输出轴，电机A动力经太阳轮A、行星架A、离合器D传递给输出轴；
实现发动机与电机B的联合驱动，此时离合器A结合、离合器D结合、制动器B锁止、离合器C结合，制动器A、离合器B不工作，此时发动机动力通过离合器A、齿圈A、行星架A、离合器D传递给输出轴，电机B动力通过太阳轮B、行星轮B、行星架B、行星轮B、离合器C传递给输出轴；当汽车处于最高车速或需求功率大于发动机功率时，可采取联合驱动模式，满足汽车不同的行驶工况；
停车充电模式：可以实现停车充电功能，仅给电机A充电情况，此时离合器A结合、制动器A锁止、制动器B松开，离合器B、离合器C、离合器D不工作，发动机动力通过离合器A、齿圈A、行星轮A、太阳轮A传递给电机A，此时发动机工作给电机A进行充电；
给电机A和电机B进行充电情况，此时离合器A结合、制动器A锁止、离合器B结合，制动器B松开，离合器C、离合器D不工作，发动机动力通过离合器A、齿圈A、行星轮A、太阳轮A传递给电机A，通过离合器B传递给电机B，此时发动机工作给电机A和电机B进行充电；
再生制动模式：实现电机B的单独回收再生制动能量，可实现电机A与电机B的联合回收再生制动能量，是电机B单独回收再生制动能量，此时离合器C结合，离合器A，离合器D、离合器B、制动器A、制动器B不工作，动力通过离合器C、行星架B、行星轮B、太阳轮B传递给电机B；
可实现电机A与电机B的联合回收再生制动能量；此时离合器C结合，离合器B结合，离合器A、离合器D、制动器A、制动器B不工作，动力分两部分传递，一部分通过离合器C、行星架B、行星轮B、太阳轮B传递给电机B，一部分通过离合器B传递给电机A。
本结构通过对离合器、制动器的控制，使汽车可以工作在不同的工作模式，适应各种复杂的工况，可以有效地提高汽车整体的效率，通过对电机A，电机B，发动机的协调控制，可使整车系统处于高效率运行区。
本结构优点：
1.本结构可以实现多种工作模式的运行，更易执行较优的能量管理控制策略，可以较好的提高其燃油经济性，提高整车效率。
2.本结构中离合器C1可以减少发动机转动惯量对系统的影响，同时对发动机也起到一定的保护作用。
3.本结构发动机，电机等相关部件的布置有利于整车的装配。
4.离合器C啮合，可实现电机B向输出轴的直接传送，提高其传动效率；当发动机单独驱动时，离合器B不工作，可避免的电机B和齿轮机构B的空转，提高了传动效率；离合器A结合，离合器D结合，制动器B锁止，可实现发动机向输出轴的直接传送，可提高系统的整体效率。
5.本结构通过双电机、发动机转矩、转速的协调控制，可使发动机运行于高效率区。
6.本结构用制动器B可实现对电机A锁止控制，防止其空转，从而提高系统的整体效率。发动机通过离合器A连接齿圈A，制动器A与离合器D可以实现此结构的停车充电模式。
附图说明
图1是本发明的双行星排式动力耦合机构结构图；
图2是纯电动模式I动力传递路线示意图；
图3是纯电动模式II动力传递路线示意图；
图4是发动机驱动模式I动力传递路线示意图；
图5是联合驱动模式I动力传递路线示意图；
图6是联合驱动模式II动力传递路线示意图；
图7是停车充电模式I动力传递路线示意图；
图8是再生制动模式I动力传递路线示意图；
图9是再生制动模式II动力传递路线示意图；
图10是发动机驱动模式II动力传递路线示意图；
图11是停车充电模式II动力传递路线示意图。
图中：
1-发动机；2-离合器A；3-离合器D；4-制动器A；5-行星轮A；6-齿圈A；7-制动器B；8-电机A；9-离合器B；10-电机B；11-齿圈B；12-行星架B；13-离合器C；14-行星轮B；15-太阳轮B；16-太阳轮A；17-行星架A；18-行星齿轮机构A；19-行星齿轮机构B。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本结构做进一步说明，通过混合动力汽车部分工作模式对本结构的的工作方式做详细描述，本发明所描述的实施例只是一部分实施例，是对本技术方案的具体说明，而不应当视为本发明的全部。
结合附图1所示，本发明提供一种混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构，发动机1的输出轴通过离合器A2与齿圈A6连接；所述行星齿轮机构A18包括太阳轮A16、行星架A17、齿圈A6和行星轮A5；所述行星齿轮机构B19包括太阳轮B15、行星架B12、和行星轮B14；所述太阳轮A16和太阳轮B15同轴布置；四个结构相同的行星轮A5均匀分布在行星架A17中心轴线距离相等的圆周上，且空套在行星架A17上；四个结构相同的行星轮B12均匀分布在到行星架B12中心轴线距离相等的圆周上，且空套在行星架B12上；所述的离合器A2与齿圈A6相连；所述齿圈A6通过行星架A17、离合器D3与驱动轴连接；电机A8，电机B10固定在动力耦合机构的壳体上；所述电机A8通过制动器B7与太阳轮A16连接；电机A8通过离合器B9与电机B10相连；所述电机B10与太阳轮B15同轴相连，太阳轮B15通过行星架B12，离合器与输出轴相连；所述制动器A4与行星架A17相连，用于对行星架A17进行制动；所述制动器B7与电机A8连接，实现电机A8的制动与释放。
当混合动力汽车中电机参与驱动时，可以由电机B10单独驱动，或者由电机A8和电机B10联合驱动；当进行联合驱动时，可以由发动机与电机A8进行联合驱动，或发动机1与电机B10进行联合驱动；当进行再生制动时，电机B10既可以单独工作，也可以和电机A8联合工作。通过对离合器和制动器开合的控制，可以实现不同动力源的输入，使混合动力汽车工作在不同的工作模式下。本发明列出的部分工作模式及相应模式下离合器和制动器工作状态如表1所示。
表1
1-表示离合器或制动器工作，0-表示离合器或制动器不工作
下面结合附图对发明具体工作模式进行描述：
纯电动模式：
结合附图2，实现电机B10的单独纯电动驱动，离合器C13结合，制动器A4、制动器B7、离合器A2、离合器B9、离合器D3不工作，电机B10输出通过太阳轮B15、行星轮B14、行星架B12、离合器C13传递给输出轴；
结合附图3，实现电机A8与电机B10的联合驱动，此时离合器B9结合、离合器C13结合，制动器A4、制动器B7、离合器A2、离合器D3不工作，动力通过太阳轮B15、行星轮B14、行星架B12、离合器C13传递给输出轴；当车速较低或者汽车启动时，车速未达到发动机怠速，为避免发动机工作在低效率区，此时可以以纯电动模式工作，来满足混合动力汽车启动和低速驱动时的动力性能，提高混合动力汽车的燃油经济性；
结合附图4，发动机驱动模式：离合器A2结合、离合器D3结合、制动器B7锁止，制动器A4、离合器B9、离合器C13不工作，此时动力通过离合器A2、齿圈A6、行星轮A5、行星架A17、离合器D3传递给输出轴；
结合附图10，发动机驱动并充电模式：此时离合器A2结合、离合器D3结合，离合器B9、离合器C13、制动器A4、制动器B7不工作，发动机1动力传递经离合器A2、齿圈A6、行星轮A5分两部分，一部分是经行星架A17、离合器D3传递给输出轴，一部分是经太阳轮A16传递给电机A8；当车速较高时，且发动机1处于高效率运行区，可采取发动机1单独驱动模式或行车充电模式；
结合附图5，联合驱动模式：实现发动机1与电机A8的联合驱动，此时离合器A2结合、离合器D4结合、制动器B7松开，离合器B9、离合器C13、制动器A4不工作，此时发动机1动力通过离合器A2、齿圈A6、行星架A17、离合器D3传递给输出轴，电机A8动力经太阳轮A16、行星架A17、离合器D4传递给输出轴；
结合附图6，实现发动机1与电机B10的联合驱动，此时离合器A2结合、离合器D4结合、制动器B7锁止、离合器C13结合，制动器A4、离合器B9不工作，此时发动机1动力通过离合器A2、齿圈A6、行星架A17、离合器D4传递给输出轴，电机B10动力通过太阳轮B15、行星轮B14、行星架B12、行星轮B14、离合器C13传递给输出轴；当汽车处于最高车速或需求功率大于发动机功率时，可采取联合驱动模式，满足汽车不同的行驶工况；
结合附图7，停车充电模式：可以实现停车充电功能，仅给电机A8充电情况，此时离合器A2结合、制动器A4锁止、制动器B7松开，离合器B9、离合器C13、离合器D3不工作，发动机动力通过离合器A2、齿圈A6、行星轮A5、太阳轮A16传递给电机A8，此时发动机1工作给电机A8进行充电；
结合附图11，给电机A8和电机B10进行充电情况，此时离合器A2结合、制动器A4锁止、离合器B9结合，制动器B8松开，离合器C13、离合器D3不工作，发动机1动力通过离合器A2、齿圈A6、行星轮A5、太阳轮A16传递给电机A8，通过离合器B9传递给电机B10，此时发动机1工作给电机A8和电机B10进行充电；
结合附图8，再生制动模式：实现电机B10的单独回收再生制动能量，可实现电机A8与电机B10的联合回收再生制动能量，是电机B10单独回收再生制动能量，此时离合器C13结合，离合器A2，离合器D3、离合器B9、制动器A4、制动器B7不工作，动力通过离合器C13、行星架B12、行星轮B14、太阳轮B15传递给电机B10；
结合附图9，可实现电机A8与电机B10的联合回收再生制动能量；此时离合器C13结合，离合器B9结合，离合器A2、离合器D3、制动器A4、制动器B7不工作，动力分两部分传递，一部分通过离合器C13、行星架B12、行星轮B14、太阳轮B15传递给电机B10，一部分通过离合器B9传递给电机A8。
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式，但本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下，本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种带锁止功能的双电机双行星排式动力耦合结构，其特征在于，包括发动机(1)、离合器A(2)、制动器A(4)、行星齿轮机构A(18)、制动器B(7)、电机A(8)、离合器B(9)、电机B(10)、行星齿轮机构B(19)、离合器C(13)和离合器D(3)；所述太阳轮A(16)和太阳轮B(15)同轴布置；
所述发动机(1)通过离合器A(2)与齿圈A(6)连接；所述齿圈A(6)通过行星架A(17)、离合器D(3)与车轮输出轴连接；所述行星齿轮机构A(18)包括太阳轮A(16)、行星架A(17)、齿圈A(6)和行星轮A(5)；所述齿圈A(6)与行星轮A(5)相啮合，所述行星轮A(5)与太阳轮A(16)相啮合；四个结构相同的行星轮A(5)均匀分布在行星架A(17)中心轴线距离相等的圆周上，且空套在行星架A(17)上；所述制动器A(4)与行星架A(5)相连，用于对行星架A(5)进行制动；
所述行星齿轮机构B(19)包括太阳轮B(15)、齿圈B(11)、行星架B(12)和行星轮B(14)；所述齿圈B(11)固定设置在车架上，齿圈B(11)与行星轮B(12)相啮合，所述行星轮B(12)与太阳轮B(15)相啮合；四个结构相同的行星轮B(14)均匀分布在到行星架B(12)中心轴线距离相等的圆周上，且空套在行星架B(12)上；
所述电机A(8)、电机B(10)固定在动力耦合机构的壳体上；所述电机A(8)通过制动器B(7)与太阳轮A(16)连接；电机A(8)通过离合器B(9)与电机B(10)相连；所述电机B(10)与太阳轮B(15)同轴相连，太阳轮B(15)通过行星架B(12)、离合器(13)与输出轴相连；所述制动器B(7)与电机A(8)连接，实现电机A(7)的制动与释放。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构，其特征在于，当混合动力汽车中电机参与驱动时，可以由电机B(10)单独驱动，或者由电机A(8)和电机B(10)联合驱动；当进行联合驱动时，可以由发动机(1)与电机A(8)进行联合驱动，或发动机(1)与电机B(10)进行联合驱动；当进行再生制动时，电机B(10)既可以单独工作，也可以和电机A(8)联合工作。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力汽车双行星排式动力耦合机构的控制方法，其特征在于，可实现如下模式：
纯电动模式：
实现电机B(10)的单独纯电动驱动，离合器C(13)结合，制动器A(4)、制动器B(7)、离合器A(2)、离合器B(9)、离合器D(3)不工作，电机B(10)输出通过太阳轮B(15)、行星轮B(14)、行星架B(12)、离合器C(13)传递给输出轴；
实现电机A(8)与电机B(10)的联合驱动，此时离合器B(9)结合、离合器C(13)结合，制动器A(4)、制动器B(7)、离合器A(2)、离合器D(3)不工作，动力通过太阳轮B(15)、行星轮B(14)、行星架B(12)、离合器C(13)传递给输出轴；当车速较低或者汽车启动时，车速未达到发动机怠速，为避免发动机工作在低效率区，此时可以以纯电动模式工作，来满足混合动力汽车启动和低速驱动时的动力性能，提高混合动力汽车的燃油经济性；
发动机驱动模式：离合器A(2)结合、离合器D(3)结合、制动器B(7)锁止，制动器A(4)、离合器B(9)、离合器C(13)不工作，此时动力通过离合器A(2)、齿圈A(6)、行星轮A(5)、行星架A(17)、离合器D(3)传递给输出轴；
发动机驱动并充电模式：此时离合器A(2)结合、离合器D(3)结合，离合器B(9)、离合器C(13)、制动器A(4)、制动器B(7)不工作，发动机(1)动力传递经离合器A(2)、齿圈A(6)、行星轮A(5)分两部分，一部分是经行星架A(17)、离合器D(3)传递给输出轴，一部分是经太阳轮A(16)传递给电机A(8)；当车速较高时，且发动机(1)处于高效率运行区，可采取发动机(1)单独驱动模式或行车充电模式；
联合驱动模式：实现发动机(1)与电机A(8)的联合驱动，此时离合器A(2)结合、离合器D(4)结合、制动器B(7)松开，离合器B(9)、离合器C(13)、制动器A(4)不工作，此时发动机(1)动力通过离合器A(2)、齿圈A(6)、行星架A(17)、离合器D(3)传递给输出轴，电机A(8)动力经太阳轮A(16)、行星架A(17)、离合器D(4)传递给输出轴；
实现发动机(1)与电机B(10)的联合驱动，此时离合器A(2)结合、离合器D(4)结合、制动器B(7)锁止、离合器C(13)结合，制动器A(4)、离合器B(9)不工作，此时发动机(1)动力通过离合器A(2)、齿圈A(6)、行星架A(17)、离合器D(4)传递给输出轴，电机B(10)动力通过太阳轮B(15)、行星轮B(14)、行星架B(12)、行星轮B(14)、离合器C(13)传递给输出轴；当汽车处于最高车速或需求功率大于发动机功率时，可采取联合驱动模式，满足汽车不同的行驶工况；
停车充电模式：可以实现停车充电功能，仅给电机A(8)充电情况，此时离合器A(2)结合、制动器A(4)锁止、制动器B(7)松开，离合器B(9)、离合器C(13)、离合器D(3)不工作，发动机动力通过离合器A(2)、齿圈A(6)、行星轮A(5)、太阳轮A(16)传递给电机A(8)，此时发动机(1)工作给电机A(8)进行充电；
给电机A(8)和电机B(10)进行充电情况，此时离合器A(2)结合、制动器A(4)锁止、离合器B(9)结合，制动器B(8)松开，离合器C(13)、离合器D(3)不工作，发动机(1)动力通过离合器A(2)、齿圈A(6)、行星轮A(5)、太阳轮A(16)传递给电机A(8)，通过离合器B(9)传递给电机B(10)，此时发动机(1)工作给电机A(8)和电机B(10)进行充电；
再生制动模式：实现电机B(10)的单独回收再生制动能量，可实现电机A(8)与电机B(10)的联合回收再生制动能量，是电机B(10)单独回收再生制动能量，此时离合器C(13)结合，离合器A(2)，离合器D(3)、离合器B(9)、制动器A(4)、制动器B(7)不工作，动力通过离合器C(13)、行星架B(12)、行星轮B(14)、太阳轮B(15)传递给电机B(10)；
可实现电机A(8)与电机B(10)的联合回收再生制动能量；此时离合器C(13)结合，离合器B(9)结合，离合器A(2)、离合器D(3)、制动器A(4)、制动器B(7)不工作，动力分两部分传递，一部分通过离合器C(13)、行星架B(12)、行星轮B(14)、太阳轮B(15)传递给电机B(10)，一部分通过离合器B(9)传递给电机A(8)。
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