CN106855353B - Heat pump drying equipment with dehumidification type and dehumidification type switching function and drying method - Google Patents
Heat pump drying equipment with dehumidification type and dehumidification type switching function and drying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106855353B CN106855353B CN201710208014.6A CN201710208014A CN106855353B CN 106855353 B CN106855353 B CN 106855353B CN 201710208014 A CN201710208014 A CN 201710208014A CN 106855353 B CN106855353 B CN 106855353B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/10—Heating arrangements using tubes or passages containing heated fluids, e.g. acting as radiative elements; Closed-loop systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/08—Humidity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat pump drying device with dehumidification and dehumidification switching functions and a material drying method, wherein the heat pump drying device comprises a heat pump system and a drying workshop, wherein a heat pump main machine room, a return air duct and a drying room are arranged in the drying workshop; the top of the return air duct is higher than the drying chamber, and the right side of the drying chamber is provided with an air outlet communicated with the return air duct; a moisture-removing air channel is arranged in the return air channel, and the other end of the moisture-removing air channel extends into the heat pump host room; an internal circulation air door is arranged between the exhaust chamber and the heat pump main machine chamber, and an exhaust air door is arranged on the side wall of the exhaust chamber; a fresh air duct is arranged in the heat pump host room, a heat recoverer is arranged at the intersection of the fresh air duct and the moisture exhaust duct, and an inner fresh air door is arranged on the fresh air duct. The heat pump drying equipment with the dehumidification type and dehumidification type switching function has a compact structure, can select the optimal operation mode according to specific conditions by matching with a drying method, integrates the advantages of each mode, reduces the influence of the defects of each mode through mode switching, and has low energy consumption and high drying efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat pump drying device, in particular to a special device and a drying method suitable for dehydrating and drying agricultural and sideline products and the like.
Background
At present, heat pump drying equipment has wide development prospects in the field of drying equipment, and particularly in the field of drying at the drying temperature of below 75 ℃. With the increasing importance of the country on the aspects of energy conservation, environmental protection and the like, the application of heat pump drying equipment is more and more emphasized by people.
The heat pump drying equipment is special equipment for drying materials, a heat pump system supplies heat for the drying equipment, air flow after temperature rise is sent into the drying chamber, and water vapor in the materials is taken away by the high-temperature drying air flow, so that the aim of drying is fulfilled. When the circulating air is used, the temperature of the air flow is gradually reduced, the humidity is increased, and the dehydration capacity of the air flow on the material is gradually reduced along with the continuous taking away of the water vapor by the high-temperature air flow; and after the humidity of the air flow reaches a set humidity target, discharging a part of hot and humid air in the drying room, introducing the dry air in the environment, and continuing the dehydration and drying process.
At present, heat pump drying equipment is mainly divided into two types, namely a hot air dehumidification type and an evaporator dehumidification type. The hot air dehumidifying heat pump drying equipment utilizes the exhausted hot humid air and introduces the external dry air to achieve the drying purpose.
The dehumidifying drying equipment of evaporator utilizes the cold energy of evaporator to treat the exhausted air to below dew point temperature and condense out condensed water to dry the material.
The two types of drying equipment have respective characteristics, and the advantages and the disadvantages are obvious. The hot air dehumidification mode is greatly influenced by the state of the external cold air, and the efficiency is lower when the external cold air is cold; the dehumidification type of the evaporator is greatly influenced by the characteristics of the materials, when the materials are half-dried, the moisture in the drying airflow is less, and the dehumidification energy efficiency of the evaporator is very low.
At present, a heat pump drying device which can make full use of advantages and avoid disadvantages and integrates two types of drying devices into a whole is lacking in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat pump drying device capable of switching between an evaporator dehumidification type drying device and a hot air dehumidification type heat pump drying device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the heat pump drying equipment with the dehumidification type and dehumidification type switching function comprises a heat pump system and a drying workshop, wherein a heat pump main machine room, a return air duct and a drying room for containing materials are sequentially arranged in the drying workshop from left to right; the top of the return air duct is higher than the drying chamber and extends rightwards, the right side of the drying chamber is provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is communicated with the return air duct;
one side of the bottom of the heat pump host room is provided with a heat pump host room air door, and the heat pump host room is upwards connected with an exhaust room; a dehumidifying air channel is arranged at the top part in the return air channel, and the other end of the dehumidifying air channel extends into the exhaust chamber and downwards extends into the lower part of the heat pump main machine chamber;
the heat pump system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device and an evaporator which are circularly communicated through a refrigerant pipeline, the compressor, the throttling device and the evaporator form a heat pump host, the heat pump host is positioned in a heat pump host chamber, and the top of the heat pump host is provided with a heat pump evaporation fan with an upward air outlet direction; the evaporator is adjacent to the lower end opening of the moisture exhaust air duct; the condenser is positioned between the bottom of the return air duct and the drying workshop; two moisture-removing air channels are arranged at intervals, and a moisture-removing fan is arranged at the opening at the right end of each moisture-removing air channel;
an internal circulation air door is arranged between the exhaust chamber and the heat pump main machine chamber, and an exhaust air door is arranged on the side wall of the exhaust chamber;
a fresh air duct is arranged in the heat pump host room, two ends of the fresh air duct are respectively opened on two opposite side walls of the heat pump host room, and two ends of the fresh air duct are respectively provided with an outdoor fresh air door; the fresh air duct and the moisture exhaust ducts are in a cross shape, a heat recoverer is arranged at the intersection of the fresh air duct and each moisture exhaust duct, the shell side or the tube side of each heat recoverer is communicated with the fresh air duct, and the tube side or the shell side of each heat recoverer is communicated with the moisture exhaust ducts;
a fresh air duct between the two moisture exhaust ducts is provided with a drying chamber fresh air door which is positioned between the fresh air duct and the return air duct;
a circulating fan with the air outlet direction facing downwards is arranged in the air return duct below the fresh air duct, and the circulating fan is positioned above the condenser;
the direction pointing to the fresh air door of the drying chamber is inward, the fresh air channels outside the two rows of wet air channels are respectively provided with an inner fresh air door, and the inner fresh air door is positioned between the fresh air channel and the return air channel.
More than two air doors of the heat pump main machine room are arranged side by side at intervals; two air exhaust air doors are symmetrically arranged on two opposite side walls of the air exhaust chamber.
And a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the return air duct.
The invention also aims to provide a drying method for drying materials by using the heat pump drying equipment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the method for drying the materials by using the heat pump drying equipment with the dehumidification type and dehumidification type switching function sequentially comprises the following steps:
the first step is to operate in a simple mode; opening an air door of a heat pump host room, an internal circulation air door, an exhaust air door, a heat pump evaporation fan, a compressor and a circulation fan, and closing a humidity exhaust fan, an internal fresh air door, a drying room fresh air door and an outdoor fresh air door;
at the moment, under the air draft action of the heat pump evaporation fan, outdoor air enters the heat pump main machine room from the air door of the heat pump main machine room to exchange heat with the evaporator, and cold energy generated by the evaporator is discharged through the internal circulation air door and the air exhaust air door; under the action of a circulating fan, circulating air downwards passes through a condenser and enters a drying chamber, the circulating air is heated when passing through the condenser, and the heated circulating air has a drying effect on materials in the drying chamber; the water vapor generated in the material drying process is taken away by the circulating air, and the circulating air returns to the circulating fan through the return air duct, so that the materials are dried continuously in the circulating process;
in the operation process of a simple mode, when the materials are continuously dried, the generated water vapor continuously enters into the circulating air; the higher the relative humidity of the circulating air is, the lower the drying effect is; when the relative humidity in the return air duct is higher than the first switching humidity, the second step, namely an evaporator dehumidification mode, is carried out; the first switching humidity is greater than 50% and less than or equal to 80%, and a specific value is determined by a worker according to the operation condition;
closing the internal circulation air door and the air exhaust air door, opening the internal fresh air door and the moisture exhaust fan, and entering the second step;
the second step is to operate in an evaporator dehumidification mode; at the moment, under the action of the moisture-removing fan, part of return air in the return air duct enters the moisture-removing duct, and the other part of return air still directly flows back to the circulating fan; circulating air entering the moisture exhaust air duct passes through the heat recoverer, is exhausted into the heat pump main machine chamber from an opening at the lower end of the moisture exhaust air duct, is sent to the top of the heat pump main machine chamber by the heat pump evaporation fan after passing through the evaporator, enters the fresh air duct through the inner fresh air door, then enters the return air duct through the fresh air door of the drying chamber, is mixed with the circulating air which does not enter the moisture exhaust air duct, and then is sent into the drying chamber through the circulating fan and the condenser, the circulating air is heated at the condenser, and the drying effect is generated on materials in the drying chamber; the circulating air enters the return air duct again through the air outlet on the right side of the drying chamber to form circulation;
when the relative humidity in the return air duct is lower than the second switching humidity, a hot air dehumidifying and drying mode is switched to; the second switching humidity is more than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 50%, and a specific value is determined by a worker according to the operation condition;
opening an outdoor fresh air door, an internal circulation air door and an exhaust air door, closing the internal fresh air door, and entering the third step;
the third step is to operate according to the hot air dehumidifying and drying mode; at the moment, under the action of the dehumidifying fan, one part of return air in the return air duct enters the dehumidifying air duct as dehumidifying air, and the other part of return air still directly flows back to the circulating fan; under the suction action of a circulating fan, outdoor fresh air enters a fresh air duct from an outdoor fresh air door, exchanges heat with the moisture-removing air when passing through a heat recoverer, enters a return air duct through a drying chamber fresh air door after absorbing heat in the moisture-removing air, is mixed with circulating air which does not enter the moisture-removing air duct and then is sent into a drying chamber through the circulating fan and a condenser, and the mixed air is heated at the condenser and has a drying effect on materials in the drying chamber; the airflow enters the return air duct again through the air outlet on the right side of the drying chamber, so that the air-drying device continuously operates;
in the continuous operation process of the third step, the heat and moisture flow in the moisture exhaust air duct provides heat for the evaporator when passing through the evaporator, so that waste heat utilization is realized; under the action of the heat pump evaporation fan, air flow in the dehumidification air duct and outdoor air at the air door of the heat pump main unit room are sucked into the heat pump main unit room, and cold energy generated by the evaporator is taken away and then is discharged by the internal circulation air door and the air exhaust air door;
when the relative humidity in the return air duct is higher than the first switching humidity, the second step, namely an evaporator dehumidification mode, is carried out;
and in the fourth step, after the material drying degree reaches the standard, closing each fan, each air door and a compressor of the heat pump system, conveying the material out of the drying chamber, and stopping the material drying process.
The invention designs heat pump drying equipment with dehumidification type and dehumidification type switching functions and a corresponding drying method, the two drying types of the hot air dehumidification type and the evaporator dehumidification type can be switched by utilizing the mutual switching of air doors, a proper drying mode is selected when different drying requirements are met, and the drying efficiency is improved and the drying cost is reduced by combining the advantages of the two drying modes.
The simple mode has easy operation, and the fast advantage of hot-air temperature rise (because neither leading in new trend in the drying chamber under the simple mode, do not make the circulated air pass through the evaporimeter cooling again, therefore the temperature rise is fast). The disadvantage of this mode is that the heat pump system is greatly affected by the temperature of the external environment, and when the temperature of the external environment is low, the temperature at the evaporator is very low, thereby reducing the operation efficiency of the heat pump system.
The dehumidification mode of the evaporator has the advantage that the heat pump system is less affected by the ambient temperature and is more adaptable to low-temperature environments. In the mode, the high-temperature dehumidifying air (air flow in the dehumidifying air channel) is used for heating the evaporator, so that the temperature condition of the evaporator is greatly improved, the evaporating pressure is increased, and the operating efficiency of the heat pump system is improved. Because the temperature of the evaporator is basically not influenced by the outside air temperature, the dehumidification mode of the evaporator has the advantages of high efficiency of the heat pump system and low influence degree of the environment. The dehumidification mode of the evaporator has the defects that when the dehumidification wind humidity is low, the dew point temperature of the dehumidification wind is low, the dehumidification wind can still not reach below the dew point temperature after passing through the heat recoverer and the evaporator or just reaches the dew point temperature, at the moment, little moisture is condensed out when passing through the evaporator, the dehumidification wind returns to the drying chamber again, the effect of reducing the air humidity in the drying chamber cannot be achieved (or the effect is small), the process that the dehumidification wind is cooled by the evaporator and then is heated by the heater is an invalid process, the dehumidification effect is not obvious, and a large amount of energy is consumed.
The hot air dehumidifying and drying mode has the advantages that the humidity difference between the outside dry air and the wet air in the drying chamber is utilized to accelerate the drying process, the drying efficiency is high under the conditions of high outside air temperature and low humidity, and the energy consumption is low. Meanwhile, in the mode, waste heat in the exhaust wet air is recycled through two stages, and the waste heat utilization rate is high. The first stage waste heat utilization is in a heat recovery device, and the exhausted wet air heats outdoor fresh air passing through a fresh air duct; the second-stage waste heat utilization is to heat the evaporator when the moisture-exhausting wind passes through the evaporator, so that the operation efficiency of the heat pump system is improved (higher than that in a simple mode and lower than that in an evaporator dehumidification mode), and the influence of the ambient temperature on the heat pump system is smaller than that in the simple mode.
The hot air dehumidifying and drying mode has the defects that when the humidity difference between the outside air and the air in the drying chamber is small, a large amount of hot air needs to be discharged, energy is wasted, and the drying efficiency is low; when the external environment temperature is low, the temperature difference between the fresh air and the air in the baking room is large, and the heat load of the fresh air is large.
The heat pump drying equipment with the dehumidification type and dehumidification type switching function has a compact structure, can realize multiple working modes by matching with the drying method, can select the optimal operation mode according to specific operation conditions, comprehensively utilizes the advantages of each mode, reduces the influence of the defects of each mode through mode switching, and has lower overall energy consumption and higher drying efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in a simple mode;
FIG. 2 is a schematic right-side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the present invention in an evaporator dehumidification mode;
FIG. 5 is a schematic right-side view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention in a hot air dehumidifying and drying mode;
FIG. 8 is a schematic right side view of FIG. 7;
fig. 9 is a schematic top view of fig. 7.
Detailed Description
The direction indicated by the arrows in the various views is the direction of the airflow there.
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the heat pump drying device with dehumidification and dehumidification switching functions of the present invention comprises a heat pump system and a drying workshop 1, wherein the drying workshop 1 is provided with a heat pump main room 3, a return air duct 12 and a drying room 9 for containing materials in sequence from left to right; the top of the return air duct 12 is higher than the drying chamber 9 and extends rightwards, the right side of the drying chamber 9 is provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is communicated with the return air duct 12;
a heat pump main machine room air door 16 is arranged on one side of the bottom of the heat pump main machine room 3, and the heat pump main machine room 3 is upwards connected with an exhaust chamber 31; a moisture-removing air duct 14 is arranged at the top part in the return air duct 12, and the other end of the moisture-removing air duct 14 extends into the exhaust chamber 31 and extends downwards into the lower part of the heat pump main machine chamber 3;
the heat pump system comprises a compressor, a condenser 8, a throttling device and an evaporator 5 which are circularly communicated through a refrigerant pipeline 7 (preferably a copper pipe), the compressor, the throttling device and the evaporator 5 form a heat pump host, the heat pump host is positioned in a heat pump host chamber 3, and the top of the heat pump host is provided with a heat pump evaporation fan 2 with an upward air outlet direction; the evaporator 5 is adjacent to the lower end opening of the moisture exhaust duct 14; the condenser 8 is positioned between the bottom of the return air duct 12 and the drying workshop 1; two moisture exhaust air ducts 14 are arranged at intervals, and a moisture exhaust fan 13 is arranged at the right end opening of each moisture exhaust air duct 14;
an internal circulation air door 17 is arranged between the exhaust chamber 31 and the heat pump main machine chamber 3, and an exhaust air door 18 is arranged on the side wall of the exhaust chamber 31;
a fresh air duct 22 is arranged in the heat pump host room, two ends of the fresh air duct 22 are respectively opened on two opposite side walls of the heat pump host room 3, and two ends of the fresh air duct 22 are respectively provided with an outdoor fresh air door 21; the fresh air duct 22 and the moisture exhaust ducts 14 are in a cross shape, heat recoverers 15 are arranged at the junctions of the fresh air duct 22 and each moisture exhaust duct 14, the shell sides or tube sides of the heat recoverers 15 are communicated with the fresh air duct 22, and the tube sides or shell sides of the heat recoverers 15 are communicated with the moisture exhaust ducts 14;
a drying chamber fresh air door 20 is arranged on a fresh air channel 22 between the two moisture discharging channels 14, and the drying chamber fresh air door 20 is positioned between the fresh air channel 22 and the return air channel 12;
a circulating fan 6 with the air outlet direction facing downwards is arranged in the air return duct 12 below the fresh air duct 22, and the circulating fan 6 is positioned above the condenser 8;
the direction pointing to the fresh air door 20 of the drying chamber is inward, the fresh air channels 22 on the outer sides of the two moisture exhaust channels 14 are respectively provided with an inner fresh air door 19, and the inner fresh air door 19 is positioned between the fresh air channel 22 and the return air channel 12.
Where heat pump systems are conventional in the art, the compressor and throttling device are not shown. The throttling device may be a capillary tube or an expansion valve, all of which are conventional in the art.
More than two air doors 16 of the heat pump main unit chamber are arranged side by side at intervals; two exhaust air doors 18 are symmetrically arranged on two opposite side walls of the exhaust chamber 31.
A humidity sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the return air duct 12. The humidity sensor and the temperature sensor are conventional devices, not shown.
In operation, material 11 to be dried is contained in the material loading means 10 and fed into the drying chamber 9.
The invention also discloses a method for drying materials by using the heat pump drying equipment with the dehumidification type and dehumidification type switching function, which sequentially comprises the following steps of:
the first step is to operate in a simple mode; opening a heat pump host room air door 16, an internal circulation air door 17, an exhaust air door 18, a heat pump evaporation fan 2, a compressor of a heat pump host and a circulation fan 6, and closing a dehumidifying fan 13, an internal fresh air door 19, a drying room fresh air door 20 and an outdoor fresh air door 21;
at the moment, under the action of the air draft of the heat pump evaporation fan 2, outdoor air enters the heat pump main machine room 3 from the heat pump main machine room air door 16 to exchange heat with the evaporator 5, and cold energy generated by the evaporator 5 is discharged through the internal circulation air door 17 and the exhaust air door 18; under the action of the circulating fan 6, circulating air downwards passes through the condenser 8 and enters the drying chamber 9, the circulating air is heated when passing through the condenser 8, and the heated circulating air has a drying effect on materials in the drying chamber 9; the water vapor generated in the material drying process is taken away by the circulating air, and the circulating air returns to the circulating fan 6 through the return air duct 12, so that the materials are dried continuously in the circulating process;
in the operation process of a simple mode, when the materials are continuously dried, the generated water vapor continuously enters into the circulating air; the higher the relative humidity of the circulating air is, the lower the drying effect is; when the relative humidity in the return air duct 12 is higher than the first switching humidity, the second step, namely the evaporator 5 dehumidification mode, is carried out; the first switching humidity is greater than 50% and less than or equal to 80%, and a specific value is determined by a worker according to the operation condition; when a certain material is dried, a worker observes the change condition of the relative humidity of the circulating air, when the relative humidity of the circulating air changes from rapid rise to slow rise or basically does not change any more, the drying effect is too low when the circulating air reaches the relative humidity under the working condition, and the relative humidity when the relative humidity of the circulating air slowly rises or basically does not change any more is set as the first switching humidity.
Closing the internal circulation air door 17 and the exhaust air door 18, opening the internal fresh air door 19 and the moisture exhaust fan 13, and entering the second step;
the second step is to operate in the evaporator 5 dehumidification mode; at this time, under the action of the moisture exhausting fan 13, a part of return air in the return air duct 12 enters the moisture exhausting duct 14, and the other part of return air still directly flows back to the circulating fan 6; circulating air entering the moisture exhaust air duct 14 passes through the heat recoverer 15, is exhausted into the heat pump main machine room 3 from an opening at the lower end of the moisture exhaust air duct 14, is sent to the top of the heat pump main machine room 3 by the heat pump evaporation fan 2 after passing through the evaporator 5, enters the fresh air duct 22 through the internal fresh air door 19, then enters the return air duct 12 through the drying chamber fresh air door 20, is converged with circulating air which does not enter the moisture exhaust air duct 14, and is sent into the drying chamber 9 through the circulating fan 6 and the condenser 8, the circulating air is heated at the condenser 8, and plays a drying role on materials in the drying chamber 9; the circulating air enters the return air duct 12 again through the air outlet on the right side of the drying chamber 9 to form circulation;
in the continuous operation process of the second step, the temperature of the circulating air with higher humidity is reduced when the circulating air passes through the evaporator 5, and condensed water is condensed at the evaporator 5 to realize dehumidification; the dehumidified airflow reenters the return air duct 12 through the heat pump evaporation fan 2, the fresh air door 19, the fresh air duct 22 and the drying chamber fresh air door 20, and is mixed with return air which does not pass through the dehumidification air duct 14, so that the overall humidity of the return air is reduced, and the capability of the circulating air for absorbing moisture in the materials is restored. The dehumidification mode of the evaporator 5 has the advantages that the moisture in the air in the drying chamber 9 is removed by using the cold energy generated by the evaporator 5, and the cold energy at the evaporator 5 is taken away by using a part of the circulating air with higher temperature, so that the working efficiency of the heat pump system is higher, the heat pump system is slightly influenced by the external environment temperature, and the problem that the efficiency of the heat pump system is lower when the environment temperature is low is solved. The dehumidification mode of the evaporator 5 has the following disadvantages: when the humidity of the circulating air (the dehumidifying air) is low, because the dew point temperature of the dehumidifying air is low, the dehumidifying air may still not reach below the dew point temperature after passing through the heat recoverer 15 and the evaporator 5, or just reaches the dew point temperature, at this time, little moisture is condensed out when passing through the evaporator 5, the dehumidifying air returns to the drying chamber 9 again, the effect of reducing the air humidity in the drying chamber 9 cannot be achieved (or the effect is small), and the process that the dehumidifying air is cooled by the evaporator 5 and then is heated by the heater is an ineffective process, so that the dehumidifying effect is not obvious and a large amount of energy is consumed.
When the relative humidity in the return air duct 12 is lower than the second switching humidity, the mode is switched to a hot air dehumidifying and drying mode; the second switching humidity is more than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 50%, and a specific value is determined by a worker according to the operation condition;
when drying a certain material, the staff observes the condition of the condensed water at the evaporator 5. A large amount of condensed water is inevitably generated at the evaporator 5 at the beginning of the operation of the second step. When the condensed water is no longer generated at the evaporator 5, or the amount of the generated condensed water is very small, the relative humidity value of the corresponding circulating wind is set to the second switching humidity.
Opening an outdoor fresh air door 21, an internal circulation air door 17 and an exhaust air door 18, closing an internal fresh air door 19, and entering a third step;
the third step is to operate according to a hot air dehumidifying and drying mode; at this time, under the action of the dehumidifying fan 13, a part of the return air in the return air duct 12 enters the dehumidifying air duct 14 as dehumidifying air, and the other part of the return air still directly flows back to the circulating fan 6; under the suction action of the circulating fan 6, outdoor fresh air enters the fresh air duct 22 from the outdoor fresh air door 21, exchanges heat with the moisture-removing air when passing through the heat recoverer 15, absorbs heat in the moisture-removing air, enters the return air duct 12 through the drying chamber fresh air door 20, is converged with circulating air which does not enter the moisture-removing air duct 14, and is sent into the drying chamber 9 through the circulating fan 6 and the condenser 8, the converged air is heated at the condenser 8, and the drying action is generated on materials in the drying chamber 9; the airflow enters the return air duct 12 again through the air outlet on the right side of the drying chamber 9, so that the operation is continuous;
in the continuous operation process of the third step, the heat and moisture flow in the moisture exhaust duct 14 provides heat for the evaporator 5 when passing through the evaporator 5, so that waste heat utilization is realized; under the action of the heat pump evaporation fan 2, the air flow in the dehumidification air duct 14 and the outdoor air at the air door 16 of the heat pump main unit room are sucked into the heat pump main unit room 3, and the cold energy generated by the evaporator 5 is taken away and then is discharged by the internal circulation air door 17 and the exhaust air door 18;
when the relative humidity in the return air duct 12 is higher than the first switching humidity, the second step, namely the evaporator 5 dehumidification mode, is carried out;
and the fourth step is that after the staff determines that the drying degree of the material reaches the standard, the fans, the air doors and the compressor of the heat pump system are closed, the material is conveyed out of the drying chamber 9, and the material drying process is stopped.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention any modifications and equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. The method for drying the materials by using the heat pump drying equipment with the dehumidification type and dehumidification type switching function comprises a heat pump system and a drying workshop, wherein a heat pump host room, a return air duct and a drying room for containing the materials are sequentially arranged in the drying workshop from left to right; the top of the return air duct is higher than the drying chamber and extends rightwards, the right side of the drying chamber is provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is communicated with the return air duct;
a heat pump main machine room air door is arranged on one side of the bottom of the heat pump main machine room, and the heat pump main machine room is upwards connected with an exhaust chamber; a dehumidifying air channel is arranged at the top part in the return air channel, and the other end of the dehumidifying air channel extends into the exhaust chamber and downwards extends into the lower part of the heat pump main machine chamber;
the heat pump system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device and an evaporator which are circularly communicated through a refrigerant pipeline, wherein the compressor, the throttling device and the evaporator form a heat pump host machine, the heat pump host machine is positioned in a heat pump host machine chamber, and the top of the heat pump host machine is provided with a heat pump evaporation fan with an upward air outlet direction; the evaporator is adjacent to the lower end opening of the moisture exhaust air duct; the condenser is positioned between the bottom of the return air duct and the drying workshop; two moisture-removing air channels are arranged at intervals, and a moisture-removing fan is arranged at the opening at the right end of each moisture-removing air channel;
an internal circulation air door is arranged between the exhaust chamber and the heat pump main machine chamber, and an exhaust air door is arranged on the side wall of the exhaust chamber;
a fresh air duct is arranged in the heat pump host room, two ends of the fresh air duct are respectively opened on two opposite side walls of the heat pump host room, and two ends of the fresh air duct are respectively provided with an outdoor fresh air door; the fresh air duct and the moisture exhaust ducts are in a cross shape, a heat recoverer is arranged at the intersection of the fresh air duct and each moisture exhaust duct, the shell side or the tube side of each heat recoverer is communicated with the fresh air duct, and the tube side or the shell side of each heat recoverer is communicated with the moisture exhaust ducts;
a fresh air duct between the two moisture exhaust ducts is provided with a drying chamber fresh air door which is positioned between the fresh air duct and the return air duct;
a circulating fan with the air outlet direction facing downwards is arranged in the air return duct below the fresh air duct, and the circulating fan is positioned above the condenser;
the direction pointing to the fresh air door of the drying chamber is taken as the inward direction, the fresh air channels outside the two rows of wet air channels are respectively provided with an inner fresh air door, and the inner fresh air door is positioned between the fresh air channel and the return air channel; a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the return air duct;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
the first step is to operate in a simple mode; opening an air door of a heat pump host room, an internal circulation air door, an exhaust air door, a heat pump evaporation fan, a compressor and a circulation fan, and closing a humidity exhaust fan, an internal fresh air door, a drying room fresh air door and an outdoor fresh air door;
at the moment, under the air draft effect of the heat pump evaporation fan, outdoor air enters the heat pump main machine room from the air door of the heat pump main machine room to exchange heat with the evaporator, and cold energy generated by the evaporator is discharged through the internal circulation air door and the air exhaust air door; under the action of a circulating fan, circulating air downwards passes through a condenser and enters a drying chamber, the circulating air is heated when passing through the condenser, and the heated circulating air has a drying effect on materials in the drying chamber; the water vapor generated in the material drying process is taken away by the circulating air, and the circulating air returns to the circulating fan through the return air duct, so that the materials are dried continuously in the circulating process;
in the operation process of a simple mode, when the materials are continuously dried, the generated water vapor continuously enters the circulating air; the higher the relative humidity of the circulating air is, the lower the drying effect is; when the relative humidity in the return air duct is higher than the first switching humidity, the second step, namely an evaporator dehumidification mode, is carried out; the first switching humidity is greater than 50% and less than or equal to 80%, and a specific value is determined by a worker according to the operation condition;
closing the internal circulation air door and the exhaust air door, opening the internal fresh air door and the moisture exhaust fan, and entering the second step;
the second step is to operate in an evaporator dehumidification mode; at the moment, under the action of the dehumidifying fan, one part of return air in the return air duct enters the dehumidifying air duct, and the other part of return air still directly flows back to the circulating fan; circulating air entering the dehumidifying air channel is discharged into the heat pump main machine chamber from an opening at the lower end of the dehumidifying air channel after passing through the heat recoverer, is sent to the top of the heat pump main machine chamber by the heat pump evaporating fan after passing through the evaporator, enters the fresh air channel through the inner fresh air door, then enters the return air channel through the drying chamber fresh air door, is sent into the drying chamber through the circulating fan and the condenser after being converged with the circulating air which does not enter the dehumidifying air channel, is heated at the condenser and has a drying effect on materials in the drying chamber; the circulating air enters the return air duct again through the air outlet on the right side of the drying chamber to form circulation;
when the relative humidity in the return air duct is lower than the second switching humidity, a hot air dehumidifying and drying mode is switched to; the second switching humidity is more than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 50%, and a specific value is determined by a worker according to the operation condition;
opening an outdoor fresh air door, an internal circulation air door and an exhaust air door, closing the internal fresh air door, and entering the third step;
the third step is to operate according to the hot air dehumidifying and drying mode; at the moment, under the action of the moisture-removing fan, part of return air in the return air duct enters the moisture-removing air duct as moisture-removing air, and the other part of return air still directly flows back to the circulating fan; under the suction action of a circulating fan, outdoor fresh air enters a fresh air duct from an outdoor fresh air door, exchanges heat with the moisture-removing air when passing through a heat recoverer, enters a return air duct through a drying chamber fresh air door after absorbing heat in the moisture-removing air, is mixed with circulating air which does not enter the moisture-removing air duct and then is sent into a drying chamber through the circulating fan and a condenser, and the mixed air is heated at the condenser and has a drying effect on materials in the drying chamber; the air flow enters the air return duct again through the air outlet on the right side of the drying chamber, so that the air flow continuously runs;
in the continuous operation process of the third step, the heat and moisture flow in the moisture exhaust air duct provides heat for the evaporator when passing through the evaporator, so that waste heat utilization is realized; under the action of the heat pump evaporation fan, air flow in the moisture exhaust air duct and outdoor air at the air door of the heat pump main machine room are sucked into the heat pump main machine room, and the air flow is exhausted from the internal circulation air door and the air exhaust air door after cold energy generated by the evaporator is taken away;
when the relative humidity in the return air duct is higher than the first switching humidity, the second step, namely the evaporator dehumidification mode, is carried out;
and in the fourth step, after the material drying degree reaches the standard, closing each fan, each air door and a compressor of the heat pump system, conveying the material out of the drying chamber, and stopping the material drying process.
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| CN201710208014.6A CN106855353B (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | Heat pump drying equipment with dehumidification type and dehumidification type switching function and drying method |
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| CN201710208014.6A CN106855353B (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | Heat pump drying equipment with dehumidification type and dehumidification type switching function and drying method |
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