CN106840728B - Device and method for independently evaluating vascular cold finger performance - Google Patents
Device and method for independently evaluating vascular cold finger performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN106840728B CN106840728B CN201710095961.9A CN201710095961A CN106840728B CN 106840728 B CN106840728 B CN 106840728B CN 201710095961 A CN201710095961 A CN 201710095961A CN 106840728 B CN106840728 B CN 106840728B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for independently evaluating vascular cold finger performance. The device comprises a vascular cold finger to be evaluated, a linear compressor, a dynamic pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, a driving power supply, a phase modulation piston, a vacuum Dewar and a refrigerating amount measuring system. The dynamic pressure sensor is used for measuring vessel cold finger inlet pressure waves and vessel cold finger outlet pressure waves; the displacement sensor and the driving power supply are used for measuring and controlling the scavenging volume of the active compressor and the phasing piston and the phase difference of the piston; and the relationship between the pressure wave and the volume flow rate and the phase relationship between the inlet and the outlet of the pulse tube cold finger are regulated by changing the phase difference between the scavenging volume and the piston, so that the relationship between the input sound work and the refrigerating capacity of the pulse tube cold finger under the optimal phase is obtained. The device has the advantages of being capable of eliminating the interference of the efficiency of the compressor and the phase modulation structure to independently evaluate the refrigerating performance of the pulse tube cold finger, simple in structure, easy to operate, clear in evaluation target and beneficial to improving the design optimization efficiency of the pulse tube cold finger.
Description
Technical field:
the invention belongs to the field of regenerative cryocoolers, and particularly relates to a device and a method suitable for independently evaluating cold finger performance of a pulse tube.
The background technology is as follows:
the pulse tube refrigerator is a novel regenerative low-temperature refrigerator, compared with the traditional Stirling refrigerator, the pulse tube refrigerator eliminates mechanical moving parts of a cold end, adopts a phase modulation mechanism of a hot end to obtain an ideal phase relation, and has the advantages of simple structure, small vibration, high reliability and the like. In the 80 s of the 20 th century, pulse tube refrigerators have been widely paid attention to and studied at home and abroad, and have been widely used in aerospace, superconducting industry, low-temperature electronics, low-temperature medicine and the like. With the intensive research on pulse tube refrigeration mechanism and the gradual improvement on direction regulating mechanism, the technology of pulse tube refrigerators is mature, and especially the efficiency of the temperature region above 80K can reach the level equivalent to that of Stirling refrigerators.
The pulse tube refrigerator consists of a linear oscillating compressor, a pulse tube cold finger and a phase modulation mechanism, when the pulse tube refrigerator operates efficiently, the three parts are required to be coupled, matched and cooperated, and when the performance of the whole refrigerator does not reach the design target, the problem of the compressor, the pulse tube cold finger or the phase modulation mechanism is required to be distinguished, so that the performance of the pulse tube cold finger is required to be independently evaluated. In addition, the pulse tube cold finger heat regenerator is formed by laminating hundreds or even thousands of high-mesh silk screens, so that inconsistent flow resistance of a plurality of pulse tube cold fingers with identical manufacturing processes is easily caused, deviation of overall impedance is caused, and coupling and matching effects with other components are further affected. At present, due to the strong coupling characteristics of a compressor, a pulse tube cold finger and a phase modulation mechanism in a regenerative low-temperature refrigerator, indirect problem diagnosis can only be carried out according to the overall performance of the refrigerator, and an effective method is not available for completely separating the pulse tube cold finger from the whole refrigerator for independent evaluation and problem solving.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to provide a device and a method for independently evaluating the vascular performance, which have simple structures and convenient operation, and solve the problem that the existing regenerative cryocooler cannot independently and effectively evaluate the vascular cold finger design performance.
The invention relates to a device for independently evaluating the cold finger performance of a pulse tube, which comprises a linear compressor 1, a first dynamic pressure sensor 2, a pulse tube cold finger to be evaluated 3, a vacuum Dewar 4, a refrigerating capacity measuring system 5, a second pressure sensor 6, a phase modulation piston 7, a driving power supply 8, a first displacement sensor 9 and a second displacement sensor 10; wherein:
the section of the air outlet hole of the linear compressor 1 is provided with a sealing groove, an adaptive rubber sealing ring is arranged for sealing, and the sealing groove is connected with the air outlet hole of the linear compressor through threads through a first dynamic pressure sensor 2; the first dynamic pressure sensor 2 is connected with an air inlet flange of a vessel cold finger 3 to be evaluated, and an adaptive metal sealing ring is installed for sealing; the air outlet of the vessel cold finger 3 to be evaluated is connected with a flange of the second dynamic pressure sensor 6, and an adaptive metal sealing ring is arranged for sealing; the section of the air outlet of the phasing piston 7 is provided with a sealing groove, and an adaptive rubber sealing ring is arranged for sealing and is connected with the second dynamic pressure sensor 6 through threads; the periphery of the vessel cold finger 3 to be evaluated is provided with a vacuum Dewar 4, and the high vacuum degree during the test is maintained; the measuring instrument of the refrigerating capacity measuring system 5 is arranged on the cold end heat exchanger 3.3 of the pulse tube cold finger 3 to be evaluated to measure the refrigerating temperature and the refrigerating capacity; the first displacement sensor 9 is arranged on the compression piston of the linear compressor 1 and is connected with the driving power supply 8, the second displacement sensor 10 is arranged on the phase modulation piston 6 and is connected with the driving power supply 8, and the driving power supply 8 is matched with the first displacement sensor 9 and the second displacement sensor 10 to measure and control the displacement stroke and the phase difference of the compression piston of the linear compressor 1 and the phase modulation piston 7; the first dynamic pressure sensor 2 and the second dynamic pressure sensor 6 are of piezoelectric sensor type, are connected with a sensor three-way valve seat in a threaded connection mode, a sealing gasket is made of beryllium bronze material, and a raw rubber belt is wound on the sensor for auxiliary sealing.
The linear compressor 1 is an opposite linear compressor, and the diameter of a compression piston is not smaller than 25mm. The maximum travel is not less than 6mm.
The phasing piston 7 is a single compressor or an opposite compressor driven by a linear motor, the diameter of the piston is 10 mm-20 mm, and the stroke of the piston is not less than 5mm.
The first displacement sensor 9 and the second displacement sensor 10 are non-contact displacement sensors, and the measurement precision is more than 10 micrometers.
The evaluation method of the device for independently evaluating the cold finger performance of the vessel comprises the following steps:
1) Adjusting the piston displacement X of a linear compressor (1) by means of a drive power supply (8) 1 Piston displacement X of phasing piston (7) 2 And the phase difference theta of the two pistons is kept the same as the theoretical design value;
2) By passing throughThe first dynamic pressure sensor 2 measures a pressure wave P between the linear compressor 1 and the cold finger 3 of the vessel to be vascular 1 ；
3) Indirectly calculating according to the thermoacoustic theory to obtain the output sound work W of the linear compressor 1 a The method comprises the following steps:
wherein A is the cross-sectional area of the piston, f is the operating frequency, < >>
For pressure wave P 1 With compression piston displacement X 1 Is a phase difference of (2);
4) Measuring by means of a second dynamic pressure sensor 6 the pressure wave P between the vascular cold finger 3 to be evaluated and a phasing piston 7 2 Calculating the dynamic pressure difference Δp=p of the cold indication inlet 1 -P 2 Evaluating the consistency of cold finger filling silk screens during mass production through delta P values;
5) The refrigerating temperature T of the cold finger in this operating state is measured by the refrigerating capacity measuring system 5 c And refrigerating capacity Q c ；
6) Finally, the specific carnot efficiency of the vessel cold finger 3 to be evaluated is obtained as follows:
wherein T is a For the ambient temperature, the efficiency is an important evaluation index for evaluating the performance quality of the vascular cold finger 3.
All the parameters can be obtained by adjusting the piston displacement and the piston phase difference of the linear compressor 1 and the phase modulation piston 7 through the driving power supply 8, so that the equivalent input sound work and the phase modulation capacity of the device are the same as those of the real compressor and the phase modulation mechanism adopted by the pulse tube cold finger 3 to be evaluated, and the obtained evaluation efficiency is equivalent.
The invention has the advantages that: the input sound power requirement, the phase modulation requirement and the working condition of the vessel cold finger are simulated equivalently, so that the vessel cold finger performance evaluation is independent from the whole machine, the problem root is more clear, the design optimization efficiency of the vessel cold finger is improved, and meanwhile, the vessel cold finger is subjected to effective quality detection and large-scale screening, so that the product consistency is ensured.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus for independently evaluating vascular cold finger performance of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a linear compressor; 2. a first dynamic pressure sensor; 3. vascular cold finger to be evaluated; 3.1, a main hot end heat exchanger of a vessel cold finger to be evaluated; 3.2, a pulse tube cold finger heat regenerator to be evaluated; 3.3, a vessel cold-finger cold-end heat exchanger to be evaluated; 3.4, the vessel to be evaluated is a cold finger vessel; 3.5, a vessel cold finger secondary heat exchanger to be evaluated; 4. vacuum Dewar; 5. a refrigeration amount measuring system; 6. a second pressure sensor; 7. a phasing piston; 8. a driving power supply; 9. a first displacement sensor; 10. second displacement sensor
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in figure 1, the device for independently evaluating the vascular cold finger performance comprises a linear compressor 1, a first dynamic pressure sensor 2, a vascular cold finger to be evaluated 3, a vacuum Dewar 4, a refrigerating capacity measuring system 5, a second pressure sensor 6, a phase modulation piston 7, a driving power supply 8, a first displacement sensor 9 and a second displacement sensor 10.
A seal groove is formed in the section of an air outlet hole of the linear compressor 1 with the diameter of 26mm, an adaptive rubber seal ring is arranged for sealing, and the seal groove is connected through threads through a first dynamic pressure sensor 2; the first dynamic pressure sensor 2 is connected with an air inlet flange of a vessel cold finger 3 to be evaluated, and an adaptive metal sealing ring is installed for sealing; the air outlet of the vessel cold finger 3 to be evaluated is connected with a flange of the second dynamic pressure sensor 6, and an adaptive metal sealing ring is arranged for sealing; the opposite piston with the diameter of 18mm of the phasing piston 7 is provided with a sealing groove on the section of the air outlet, is provided with an adaptive rubber sealing ring for sealing, and is connected with the second dynamic pressure sensor 6 through threads; vacuum Dewar 4 is arranged on the periphery of the vessel cold finger 3 to be evaluated, and the vacuum degree 10 during test is maintained -4 Pa or more; measuring instrument of measuring system 5 for measuring refrigerating temperature of cold end heat exchanger 3.3 of cold end of vessel to be evaluatedAnd refrigerating capacity; a first displacement sensor 9 is arranged on a compression piston of the linear compressor 1, a second displacement sensor 10 is arranged on the phase modulation piston 6 and is connected with a driving power supply 8, and the driving power supply 8 can measure and control the displacement stroke and the phase difference of the compression piston of the linear compressor 1 and the phase modulation piston 7 by matching with the first displacement sensor 9 and the second displacement sensor 10; the first dynamic pressure sensor 9 and the second dynamic pressure sensor 10 are of piezoelectric sensor type, are connected with a sensor three-way valve seat in a threaded connection mode, a sealing gasket is made of beryllium bronze material, and a raw rubber belt is wound on the sensor for auxiliary sealing.
In practical application, the first dynamic pressure sensor 2 and the second dynamic pressure sensor 6 are of piezoelectric sensor type, and the model is Kistler 5015A1000; the first displacement sensor 9 and the second displacement sensor 10 are LVDT displacement sensors.
The evaluation method of the device comprises the following steps:
1) Adjusting the piston displacement X of a linear compressor (1) by means of a drive power supply (8) 1 Piston displacement X of phasing piston (7) 2 And the phase difference theta of the two pistons is kept the same as the theoretical design value;
2) Pressure wave P between linear compressor 1 and cold finger 3 of vessel to be vascular measured by first dynamic pressure sensor 2 1 ；
3) Indirectly calculating according to the thermoacoustic theory to obtain the output sound work W of the linear compressor 1 a The method comprises the following steps:
wherein A is the cross-sectional area of the piston, f is the operating frequency, < >>
For pressure wave P 1 With compression piston displacement X 1 Is a phase difference of (2);
4) Measuring by means of a second dynamic pressure sensor 6 the pressure wave P between the vascular cold finger 3 to be evaluated and a phasing piston 7 2 Calculating the dynamic pressure difference Δp=p of the cold indication inlet 1 -P 2 Evaluation of Cold finger filling Screen at Mass production by DeltaP valueSex;
5) The refrigerating temperature T of the cold finger in this operating state is measured by the refrigerating capacity measuring system 5 c And refrigerating capacity Q c ；
6) Finally, the specific carnot efficiency of the vessel cold finger 3 to be evaluated is obtained as follows:
wherein T is a For the ambient temperature, the efficiency is an important evaluation index for evaluating the performance quality of the vascular cold finger 3.
Finally, it should be noted that: it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. The device for independently evaluating the vascular cold finger performance comprises a linear compressor (1), a first dynamic pressure sensor (2), a vascular cold finger to be evaluated (3), a vacuum Dewar (4), a refrigerating capacity measurement system (5), a second pressure sensor (6), a phase modulation piston (7), a driving power supply (8), a first displacement sensor (9) and a second displacement sensor (10); the method is characterized in that:
the section of the air outlet hole of the linear compressor (1) is provided with a sealing groove, an adaptive rubber sealing ring is arranged for sealing, and the sealing groove is connected with the air outlet hole through threads by a first dynamic pressure sensor (2); the first dynamic pressure sensor (2) is connected with an air inlet flange of a vessel cold finger (3) to be evaluated, and an adaptive metal sealing ring is installed for sealing; an air outlet of the vessel cold finger (3) to be evaluated is connected with a flange of a second dynamic pressure sensor (6), and an adaptive metal sealing ring is arranged for sealing; a sealing groove is formed in the section of the air outlet of the phasing piston (7), an adaptive rubber sealing ring is arranged for sealing, and the sealing groove is connected with the second dynamic pressure sensor (6) through threads; the periphery of the vessel cold finger (3) to be evaluated is provided with a vacuum Dewar (4), and the high vacuum degree during the test is maintained; the measuring instrument of the refrigerating capacity measuring system (5) is arranged at the cold end heat exchanger (3.3) of the pulse tube cold finger (3) to be evaluated to measure the refrigerating temperature and the refrigerating capacity; a first displacement sensor (9) is arranged on a compression piston of the linear compressor (1) and is connected with a driving power supply (8), a second displacement sensor (10) is arranged on the phase modulation piston (6) and is connected with the driving power supply (8), and the driving power supply (8) is matched with the first displacement sensor (9) and the second displacement sensor (10) to measure and control the displacement stroke and the phase difference of the compression piston of the linear compressor (1) and the phase modulation piston (6); the first dynamic pressure sensor (2) and the second dynamic pressure sensor (6) are of piezoelectric sensor type, are connected with a sensor three-way valve seat in a threaded mode, and the sealing gasket is made of beryllium bronze material and is used for auxiliary sealing by winding a raw rubber belt on the sensor.
2. The apparatus for independent evaluation of vascular cold finger performance of claim 1, wherein: the linear compressor (1) is an opposite linear compressor, and the diameter of a compression piston is not smaller than 25mm. The maximum travel is not less than 6mm.
3. The apparatus for independent evaluation of vascular cold finger performance of claim 1, wherein: the phase modulation piston (7) is a single compressor or an opposite compressor driven by a linear motor, the diameter of the piston is 10 mm-20 mm, and the stroke of the piston is not less than 5mm.
4. The apparatus for independent evaluation of vascular cold finger performance of claim 1, wherein: the first displacement sensor (9) and the second displacement sensor (10) are non-contact displacement sensors, and the measurement precision is more than 10 micrometers.
5. A cold finger performance evaluation method based on the apparatus for independently evaluating vascular cold finger performance as defined in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) Adjusting the piston displacement X of a linear compressor (1) by means of a drive power supply (8) 1 Piston displacement X of phasing piston (7) 2 Phase difference theta and theoretical design of two pistonsThe values remain the same;
2) Measuring a pressure wave P between a linear compressor (1) and a cold finger (3) of a vessel to be vascular by means of a first dynamic pressure sensor (2) 1 ；
3) Indirectly calculating according to the thermoacoustic theory to obtain the output sound work W of the linear compressor (1) a The method comprises the following steps:
wherein A is the cross-sectional area of the piston, f is the operating frequency, < >>
For pressure wave P 1 With compression piston displacement X 1 Is a phase difference of (2);
4) Measuring by means of a second dynamic pressure sensor (6) a pressure wave P between the vascular cold finger (3) to be evaluated and a phasing piston (7) 2 Calculating the dynamic pressure difference Δp=p of the cold indication inlet 1 -P 2 Evaluating the consistency of cold finger filling silk screens during mass production through delta P values;
5) The refrigerating temperature T of the cold finger in the running state is measured by a refrigerating quantity measuring system (5) c And refrigerating capacity Q c ；
6) Finally, the specific Carnot efficiency of the vessel cold finger (3) to be evaluated is obtained as follows:
wherein T is a The efficiency is an important evaluation index for evaluating the performance quality of the vascular cold finger (3) for the ambient temperature.
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| CN113758045A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-07 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Active piston phase modulation power recovery integrated pulse tube refrigerator supported by column spring |
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