CN106839776A - 一种燕尾榫式镶嵌结构的复合砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种燕尾榫式镶嵌结构的复合砖及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明为一种燕尾榫式镶嵌结构的复合砖,将重质材料和轻质保温材料分别放置模具的两端,中间用燕尾榫式挡板隔开,然后进行成型和固化而制得复合砖。在轻质料和重质料之间采用燕尾榫式咬合镶嵌结构。这样即使两种材料因性能差别很大导致结合不牢时,也不会出现工作层和保温层脱离(抽签)现象的发生。
Description
技术领域
本发明为一种燕尾榫式镶嵌结构的复合砖及其制备方法,是把耐侵蚀、耐磨和耐高温材料和隔热耐火保温材料复合起来,起到即耐用又保温的双重作用,属于热工窑炉领域。
背景技术
专利201520034200.9是涉及回转窑内衬结构,也是复合内衬。外层为保温层,工作层为致密层。两者之间用金属锚固件卯住,并金属锚固件焊接在窑筒体上。因为用在回转窑上,工作层采用的含有碳化硅的铝硅系耐火材料,隔热层是没有碳化硅的轻质铝硅系耐火材料。该结构能保温,但是在使用温度高时,特别是回转窑的高温带,金属锚固件就难以抵抗高温而失效。这导致保温层和工作层脱节,出现滑动,剥离,脱落等现象。另一方面,即使用少量的金属锚固件,也会大大提高导热性能,导致保温效果显著降低。
专利201010130626.6也是回转窑的复合结构。窑体内衬由内衬砖和浇注料构成,内衬砖为耐磨层和保温层构成的复合砖。保温层靠近窑体,内衬砖中埋伏的锚固件与窑体连接固定。内衬砖和浇注料间隔分布。浇注料中埋伏的锚固件与窑体连接固定。内衬砖的侧面设有凹坑,内衬砖和浇注料与窑体间衬有轻质高铝纤维毡。使用寿命达到了2年。这样的结构仍然存在下列弊病:就是金属锚固件的使用温度受到限制。在回转窑的预热带和冷却带等低温下可以使用,但是在高温带金属件就会失效。导致使用寿命很短,甚至窑体滑动,脱落等事故的发生。也必须指出的是金属的导热系数高,导致窑衬的保温性能并不是很好。如对于一种长200mm复合砖,其中保温层(导热系数为0.9w/mk)长70mm,工作层(导热系数为3.2w/mk)长130mm,金属锚固件占整个砖部分的1%。这样该复合结构的导热系数为2.09w/mk。而如果不采用金属锚固件,这样复合结构的导热系数为1.69w/mk。这样会导致钢壳温度由3760C下降到3420C,热量散失减少12%。因此金属锚固件的复合衬或砖结构不是好的一种结构。这导致不适合于高温环境和导致钢壳温度高出近340C,对于节能产生不利的影响。
专利200920270841.9介绍了一种节能砖及其构成的回转窑内衬结构。节能砖由耐火耐磨层和绝热层两部分复合烧结而成,上面层为绝热层,下面层为耐磨层。绝热层主体部分的上面有凸台,形成“凸”字形结构。回转窑内衬结构由若干块节能砖和保温砖构成,每块节能砖上部突台部分的外边与窑皮接触,形成空腔。在该空腔内填充保温材料,形成保温层。该专利设计是新颖的有创意,也可以实施,但难以取得好的效果。主要因为有下列问题:1)保温层和烧结层直接复合,在烧成过程中,就会因为两种材料的不同而膨胀的差异而导致开裂分离开来,2)轻质保温层必须有高强度支撑,一旦强度跟不上去,再加上与窑皮接触面积小,将会导致在回转窑运转过程中,被磨损,这不但导致保温被破坏,同时窑衬也被破坏而停窑。
专利200920228196.4申请了“复合式保温砖”这种砖型实质上就是一种槽型砖,槽内放置保温材料保护起来。这已经是很平常现象了,不足以形成专利了。
专利201620043021.6是一种碳素煅烧回转窑内衬用预制砖。它的金属锚固件不能满足高温下使用,同时也提高了导热系数。再就是保温层与高温层之间的结合容易在使用过程中经过高温而因膨胀系数不同导致很大热应力而开裂。
专利201010192161.7介绍了“一种镁铝尖晶石结构隔热一体化复合砖及制备方法”。该砖工作层为镁铝尖晶石砖,隔热层为轻质氧化铝或铝镁空心球砖。这种砖看上去可行,实际上难以产生好的效果。主要是因为这两种材料是两种不同性质的材料。一种是镁铝尖晶石材料的工作层,它的热膨胀系数高大约11~14×10-6/0C,而保温层是氧化铝(镁)空心球材料作为保温层,它的热膨胀系数为7~8.5×10-6/0C。这界面之间的膨胀差异是非常大的。如对于直径为3500 mm的回转窑,这个界面处直径取3300 mm,因高温(取12000C)而产生的变形量为3.14×3300(12.5-7.75)×10-6×1200=59 mm。在升温过程中,变形量只有59/(3.14×3300)=0.0057。这对于升温是外涨挤压,应该是没有问题的。但是对于停窑冷却时,工作层冷到常温收缩量为3.14×3300×12.5×10-6×1200=156 mm。一般耐火材料是脆性材料,允许变形量是很小的。这么大的尺寸变化,足以使界面裂开,导致运转过程中滑动和窑衬破坏。
专利“一种低导热多层复合莫来石砖及其制备方法”201310172268.9 把低导热系数的莫来石砖和硅莫砖进行复合,并且在砖背面留有凹槽,镶嵌绝热层。这样显著降低了导热系数,提高了保温性能。因为采用的保温层和硅莫砖的热膨胀系数相当(4~5.5×10-6/0C),不会产生很大的应力,其二是保温层也是比较高密度的,它具有较高的强度,因此具有承受较高应力的能力。因此这种复合是可行的。因为采用导热系数较高的纤维毡作为绝热层和保温层,使得保温效果不理想,有很大的降温空间。
专利 201220185773.8介绍了炉窑内衬用复合预制砖。它的缺点其一是金属锚固件严重影响了导热系数,和限制了高温使用条件。其二是辐射隔热节能涂层。该涂层加快了传热,而不是节能。应该是反射隔热节能涂层。这才是降低散热,起到节能作用。
专利201220221049.6介绍了加强型复合耐火砖。也是工作层用耐磨致密材料,而后端用隔热保温材料。它们之间用金属加强筋。这可以实现,但达不到效果。在常温下可以起到加强作用,但是在高温下,金属强度很低,甚至没有强度,其二是它与本体热膨胀系数差异很大,会产生很大热应力而导致裂开,其三是金属的导热系数很高,对降低导热系数是没有好处的。
专利“远红外耐火材料砖”介绍了一种由重质材料层一侧为T型部分与凹槽结构的轻质耐火材料层相结合,在重质层外表面贴层远红外层。这种结构能够实施,也能产生好的效果。值得吸取。
专利201020260343.9介绍了一种活性石灰回转窑用复合砖结构。介绍是主要解决了有复合砖存在的隔热层与工作层之间结合不好和砖体与砖体之间连接不牢固的缺点。在工作层和隔热层之间的结合面为齿轮状或小圆弧形状咬合连接。这比直线复合是好了很多,但是当窑炉冷却下来时,内工作层很大,导致掉砖而抽签。特别是保温层和工作层材质差别很大时,之间的界面应力很大,导致沿着界面裂开时,更容易抽签。
发明内容
现有专利中面临的问题是:1)采用金属锚固件。实际上金属锚固件高温不是增强而是弱化和提高导热性;2)轻质保温材料和重质耐磨耐高温和耐蚀性材料之间的复合不牢固,特别是在热工窑炉启动和停炉造成温度大的波动时,易出现裂缝、抽签和塌窑现象的发生;3)采用保温材料层,为了提高强度而采用的半轻质材料,保温性能不好;4)采用的所谓的绝热层多是采用的纤维毡或板,其隔热性能远比纳米板差。
为了解决这些问题,本发明提供了一种燕尾榫式镶嵌结构的复合砖及其制备方法,将重质材料和轻质保温材料分别放置模具的两端,中间用燕尾榫式挡板隔开,然后进行成型和固化而制得复合砖。
前述复合砖,所述重质材料和轻质保温材料之间采用燕尾槽式咬合镶嵌结构,其中重质耐火材料A的凸出部分是外大内小,轻质保温材料B的凸出部分也是外大内小。
前述复合砖,所述的燕尾槽式镶嵌结构中,在轻质保温材料B背面留有凹槽,在凹槽内放置纳米保温板。
前述复合砖,所述的成型方式为整体机压成型、整体浇注成型或先将保温砖与重质砖制成再复合成型。
前述复合砖,所述的固化是指成型后要经过养护和加热以提高强度的过程。
前述复合砖,所述固化的温度为小于600℃,保温时间应大于3h(优选的是:固化温度为110~250℃,保温时间为20h)。
前述复合砖,所述重质耐火材料指的是密度大于2.50 g/cm3的镁铝质耐火砖或浇注料、氧化铝碳化硅质耐火砖或浇注料、高铝质耐火砖或浇注料、镁铝铁尖晶石质耐火砖或浇注料。
前述复合砖,所述轻质保温材料指的是密度小于2.0 g/cm3的铝硅质保温砖、板或浇注料、镁铝质保温砖、板或浇注料。
本发明用于生产一种燕尾榫式镶嵌结构的复合砖,在两种材料,一种是轻质保温材料,另一种是重质耐火材料复合在一起。轻质保温材料靠近外边的钢壳,起到隔热保温的作用,另一种重质材料作为工作层,具有耐侵蚀、耐磨损和耐高温的作用。这两种配料经过燕尾榫的形式牢固地复合在一起。即使经过停窑、烘窑等高温波动也不会裂开分离,仍然能够成为一个整体。复合方法是将混合好的两种料放置模具的两头,中间采用燕尾榫式的挡板隔开。放好料抹平后,取出挡板。然后进行成型。成型方法有三种:一是压力机成型,二是振动浇注成型,三是先各自制成砖(保温砖和重质砖),然后再插入和粘合进行复合成型。浇注成型同样是把轻质浇注料和重质浇注料两种浇注料分别放置在模具的两头,中间采用燕尾榫形式的挡板隔开。振动浇注成型,并取出挡板,继续振动成型并致密化。这样成型的复合砖呈现卯榫形式的牢固连接,不会因为温度的波动而开裂和脱离。也不会因停窑而出现衬砖抽签现象。
本发明与目前已有的产品相比,采用了下述结构和方法,并产生了显著的优势:
1)在轻质料和重质料之间采用燕尾榫式咬合镶嵌结构,这样即使两种材料因性能差别很大导致结合不牢时,也不会出现工作层和保温层脱离(抽签)现象的发生,同时不用金属锚固件,也显著降低了导热系数,提高了窑炉保温性能;
2)轻质保温层采用纳微米高温材料,它具有高强、耐高温和具有非常低的导热系数特点;
3)在轻质保温材料背面,仍然留有一定的凹槽,在凹槽内放置纳米绝热板,而不是纤维毡或板,这样更进一步提高了保温性能。
附图说明
图1是燕尾榫式的镶嵌结构;
图2是实施例1中燕尾榫式的镶嵌结构;
图3是实施例2中燕尾榫式的镶嵌结构;
图中A为工作层,B为保温层,C为纳米保温板隔热层,a为燕尾榫小头尺寸,b为燕尾榫大头尺寸。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和实验例详细说明本发明的技术方案,但保护范围不限于此。
本发明所用原料皆可从阳谷信民耐火材料有限公司和山东柯信新材料有限公司购买。
实施例1见附图2.工作层A采用镁铝尖晶石浇注料,它的性能如表1。轻质保温层B采用纳微米铝硅质浇注料,其性能见表1。它们之间的复合采用燕尾榫方式复合。燕尾槽大头尺寸为b,小头尺寸为a。要求两者必须满足下列条件:
a≤0.97b
这样能保证停窑后,尺寸收缩后大头仍然会大于小头尺寸,因此不会产生抽签和塌窑现象的发生。
表1
该复合砖应用于窑膛温度为1500℃的生产石灰回转窑,当砖的保温层长为80mm,工作层长为170mm时,凹槽尺寸为10mm,内放置10mm高温纳米板,如附图2中标注C位置。这样回转窑壳温度为203℃,而没有保温的回转窑运转时温度达到了370℃,温降达到了167℃之多,对于直径为4200mm,长为60000mm的回转窑,可每年可以减少散热达到5400吨标准煤。
实施例2
见附图3.工作层采用高铝不烧砖,它的性能如表2。轻质保温层B采用纳微米铝硅质浇注料,其性能见表2。它们之间的复合采用燕尾槽方式复合。燕尾榫大头尺寸为b,小头尺寸为a。要求两者必须满足下列条件:
a≤0.97b
这样能保证停窑后,尺寸收缩后大头仍然会大于小头尺寸,因此不会产生抽签和塌窑现象的发生。
表2
该复合砖应用于窑膛温度为1600℃的回转窑衬,当砖的保温层长为80mm,工作层长为180mm时,凹槽尺寸为10mm,内放置10mm高温纳米板,如附图3中标注C位置。这样回转窑壳温度为197℃,而没有保温的回转窑运转时初期温度达到了340℃,而回转窑后期窑壳温度达到接近500℃,不得不向窑壳喷水才能使回转窑运转。对于直径为3500mm,长为60000mm的生产高铝矾土熟料的回转窑,每年可以减少散热达到5800吨标准煤。
应当指出的是,具体实施方式只是本发明比较有代表性的例子,显然本发明的技术方案不限于上述实施例,还可以有很多变形。本领域的普通技术人员,以本发明所明确公开的或根据文件的书面描述毫无异议的得到的,均应认为是本专利所要保护的范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种燕尾榫式镶嵌结构的复合砖,其特征在于,将重质耐火材料和轻质保温材料分别放置模具的两端,中间用燕尾榫式挡板隔开,然后进行成型和固化而制得复合砖。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合砖,其特征在于,所述重质耐火材料和轻质保温材料之间采用燕尾榫式咬合镶嵌结构,其中重质耐火材料A的凸出部分是外大内小,轻质保温材料B的凸出部分也是外大内小。
3.如权利要求2所述的复合砖,其特征在于,所述的燕尾榫式镶嵌结构中,在轻质保温材料B背面留有凹槽,在凹槽内放置纳米保温板。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合砖,其特征在于,所述的成型方式为整体机压成型、整体浇注成型或先将保温砖与重质砖制成再复合成型。
5.如权利要求1所述的复合砖,其特征在于,所述的固化是指成型后要经过养护和加热以提高强度的过程。
6.如权利要求5所述的复合砖,其特征在于, 所述固化的温度所述固化的温度为小于600℃,保温时间应大于3h(优选的是:固化温度为110~250℃,保温时间为20h)。
7.如权利要求1所述的复合砖,其特征在于,所述重质耐火材料指的是密度大于2.50g/cm3的镁铝质耐火砖或浇注料、氧化铝碳化硅质耐火砖或浇注料、高铝质耐火砖或浇注料、镁铝铁尖晶石质耐火砖或浇注料。
8.如权利要求1所述的复合砖,其特征在于,所述轻质保温材料指的是密度小于2.0 g/cm3的铝硅质保温砖、板或浇注料、镁铝质保温砖、板或浇注料。
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