CN106824244B - 一种氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂在还原偶联反应制备仲胺类化合物中的应用 - Google Patents

一种氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂在还原偶联反应制备仲胺类化合物中的应用 Download PDF

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CN106824244B
CN106824244B CN201710055789.4A CN201710055789A CN106824244B CN 106824244 B CN106824244 B CN 106824244B CN 201710055789 A CN201710055789 A CN 201710055789A CN 106824244 B CN106824244 B CN 106824244B
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张泽会
周鹏
王树国
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South Central Minzu University
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Abstract

本发明属于催化剂技术领域,具体为一种催化剂及其制备方法和催化甲酸还原偶联硝基类化合物和羰基化合物制备仲胺的方法,该催化剂以钴肽菁为前躯体,SiO2为硬模板,利用所得催化剂催化甲酸还原偶联硝基类化合物和羰基化合物制备仲胺的方法如下:在有机溶剂中,加入硝基类化合物,羰基化合物,甲酸和所述的氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂,通入氮气,在反应温度110‑150ºC,反应压力2 MPa的条件下反应10‑18小时,得到仲胺类化合物。该催化剂制备方法简单易操作,可用于催化还原偶联制备仲胺类化合物。该方法利用上述催化剂用于也硝基类化合物和羰基化合物为原料制备仲胺类化合物,不仅较为安全,而且产率相对较高。

Description

一种氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂在还原偶联反应制备仲胺类 化合物中的应用
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂技术领域,具体涉及一种利用氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂及在还原偶联反应制备仲胺类化合物中的应用。
背景技术
胺类化合物是一种重要的化工原料和精细化工中间体,它的合成是在合成化学中研究最多的反应。目前工业上合成胺类主要用贵金属加氢还原硝基类化合物方法。以这种方法制备一级胺再通过与卤代芳烃、醇、羰基化合物反应即可进一步合成二级胺等衍生物。目前,利用卤代芳烃的亲核取代反应是制备二级胺的主要途径,但是这种方法需要定量的无机碱,另外卤代芳烃的毒性,反应的低选择性和大量的无机盐废弃物都是这类方法的缺点。一步法利用硝基类化合物和羰基化合物的还原偶联合成二级胺是更加绿色的方法。Matthias Beller利用钴催化剂和氢气还原偶联合成了二级胺[Nature Protocol[J],2015,10,549.]产率达到80%以上。Yong Cao等人利用金催化剂和甲酸还原偶联合成了二级胺[Green Chemistry[J],2016,18,2507]。但贵金属的使用和高压氢气对设备的要求和危险性均限制了这种方法的应用。
发明内容
根据现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种非贵金属Co催化剂(CoNx@CN)及其制备方法和在催化还原偶联硝基类化合物和羰基化合物制备仲胺类化合物中的应用。其中催化剂为包裹的氮掺杂碳材料,简称CoNx@CN。
本发明提供了一种催化剂,该催化剂为氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂,以氮掺杂碳材料为骨架,骨架上包裹活性组分,催化剂中活性成分为金属态钴,所述催化剂Co元素质量分数为0.18-1%。其X-射线衍射(XRD)在2θ=43.7°出现CoNx特征峰。
上述氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将质量比为1∶1-20的四硝基钴肽菁和硅溶胶加入到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和乙醇的混合溶剂中搅拌充分,所述的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和乙醇体积比为1∶1-5,然后减压蒸馏除去溶剂得到包裹四硝基钴肽菁的SiO2颗粒:CoPc@SiO2
2)在600-900℃下氮气保护煅烧2小时;用1wt.%-40wt.%HF溶液洗去模板SiO2和不稳定的金属态Co,水洗至中性真空干燥即得到CoNX@CN催化剂,其中活性组分为氮化钴,Co元素的质量含量为0.18-1%,所得CoNX@CN催化剂的XRD图谱如图3所示,在2θ=43.7°出现CoNx特征峰(JCPDS No.41-0943);
优选的,所述的煅烧温度为800℃。
优选的,所述的煅烧时间为2小时。
一种利用氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂催化还原偶联制备仲胺类化合物的方法,包括如下步骤:
在有机溶剂中,加入硝基类化合物、羰基化合物、88wt.%的甲酸溶液和所述的氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂CoNx@CN,硝基类有机物、羰基化合物和甲酸溶液的摩尔体积比为1mmol∶1.5-3mmol∶160-180μL,硝基类化合物与CoNx@CN的摩尔质量比为1mmol∶40mg,通入氮气,在反应温度110-150℃、反应氮气压强为2MPa的条件下反应10-18小时,得到仲胺类化合物。
进一步,所述硝基类化合物为硝基苯、邻硝基甲苯、间硝基甲苯、对硝基甲苯、对氟硝基苯、对氯硝基苯、对甲氧基硝基苯、对硝基苯腈、1-硝基丙烷、硝基环己烷、对硝基苯酚、对硝基苯乙酮中的任意一种;
所述羰基化合物为对甲基苯甲醛、对甲氧基苯甲醛、苯甲醛、对氟苯甲醛、对氯苯甲醛、对溴苯甲醛、2-萘甲醛、2-噻吩甲醛、2-呋喃甲醛、4-吡啶甲醛、环己基甲醛、正庚醛、异丁醛环己酮、4-二甲氨基苯甲醛、正庚醛、对甲酰基苯甲酸、4-甲酰基-N-甲基苯甲酰胺、对羟基苯甲醛、二苯甲酮、苯乙酮的其中任意一种。
所述有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、对二甲苯、水、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、正己烷和乙腈中的任意一种。
进一步,所述有机溶剂为乙酸乙酯。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点和效果:
1.利用价格廉价的金属钴催化剂,相比现有方法,成本低,反应选择性高;
2.利用甲酸做氢源,避免了氢气做氢源的危险性和对设备的要求。
说明书附图
图1为实施例1中制备氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴材料的过程示意图。
图2为实施例2中制备氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴材料的透射电子显微镜图,图中可以看到没有明显的钴纳米粒子。
图3为实施例2中制备氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴材料的XRD图谱,图中可以看到在2θ=43.7°出现CoNx特征峰(JCPDS No.41-0943)。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1:
以下实施例中所用的四硝基钴酞菁的制备方法为:将4-硝基邻苯二腈,醋酸钴,1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯按摩尔比4∶1.2∶0.01的比例加入到正丁醇中130℃搅拌2天,所得溶液抽滤得到的固体再用甲醇洗涤干燥,即得四硝基钴酞菁。
实施例2:
如图1所示,一种氮掺杂碳材料包裹Co催化剂(CoNx@CN)的制备方法,其步骤如下:
将质量比为1∶10的四硝基钴肽菁和40wt.%硅溶胶加入到DMF和乙醇的混合溶剂中搅拌充分,所述的DMF和乙醇体积比为1∶3,然后减压蒸馏除去溶剂得到包裹四硝基钴肽菁的SiO2颗粒:CoPc@SiO2;在900℃下氮气保护煅烧2小时;用1wt.%HF溶液洗去模板SiO2和不稳定的金属态Co纳米粒子,水洗至中性真空干燥即得到CoNx@CN催化剂,其中活性组分为氮化钴,Co元素的质量含量为0.18%,所得CoNx@CN催化剂的XRD图谱如图3所示,在2θ=43.7°出现CoNx特征峰(JCPDS No.41-0943),标记为催化剂A。
实施例3:
一种氮掺杂碳材料包裹Co催化剂(CoNx@CN)的制备方法,其步骤如下:
将质量比为1∶1的四硝基钴肽菁和40wt.%硅溶胶加入到DMF和乙醇的混合溶剂中搅拌充分,所述的DMF和乙醇体积比为1∶1,然后减压蒸馏除去溶剂得到包裹四硝基钴肽菁的SiO2颗粒:CoPc@SiO2;在800℃下氮气保护煅烧2小时;用15wt.%HF溶液洗去模板SiO2和表面不稳定的金属态Co纳米粒子,水洗至中性真空干燥即得到CoN@CN催化剂,其中活性组分为氮化钴,Co元素的质量含量为0.25%,所得CoNx@CN催化剂进行XRD检测,在2θ=43.7°出现CoNx特征峰(JCPDS No.41-0943),标记为催化剂B。
实施例4:
一种氮掺杂碳材料包裹Co(CoNx@CN)催化剂的制备方法,其步骤如下:
将质量比为1∶20的四硝基钴肽菁和40wt.%硅溶胶加入到DMF和乙醇的混合溶剂中搅拌充分,所述的DMF和乙醇体积比为1∶5,然后减压蒸馏除去溶剂得到包裹四硝基钴肽菁的SiO2颗粒:CoPc@SiO2;在600℃下氮气保护煅烧2小时;用40wt.%HF溶液洗去模板SiO2和表面不稳定的金属态Co纳米粒子,水洗至中性真空干燥即得到CoNx@CN催化剂,其中活性组分为氮化钴,Co元素的质量含量为1%,所得CoNx@CN催化剂进行XRD检测,在2θ=43.7°出现CoNx特征峰(JCPDS No.41-0943),标记为催化剂C。
实施例5:
利用氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂催化加氢制备胺类化合物的方法,其步骤是:
在高压反应釜中加入10mL乙酸乙酯、180μL 88wt.%甲酸溶液、1mmol硝基苯、2mmol苯甲醛和40mg催化剂A,通入氮气,以表计反应压强为2MPa,同时搅拌下加热反应釜至温度为110℃,继续保温搅拌10h,得到N-苄基苯胺,转化率为100%,产率为82.1%。
实施例6-7:
与实施例5的操作及步骤相同,只改变加入的催化剂,同样得到N-苄基苯胺,转化率相同,产率不同,具体如表1所示:
表1不同催化剂的实施例
实施例 催化剂 转化率(%) N-苄基苯胺产率(%)
5 催化剂A 100 82.1
6 催化剂B 100 74.3
7 催化剂C 100 50.1
实施例8-9:
与实施例5的操作及步骤相同,只改变反应温度,同样得到N-苄基苯胺,但转化率和产率不同,具体如表2所示
表2不同反应温度的实施例
实施例 温度 转化率(%) 产率(%)
5 110 100 82
8 130 100 91
9 150 100 >99
实施例10-11:
与实施例5的操作及步骤相同,只改变硝基苯和苯甲醛的比例,同样得到N-苄基苯胺,转化率均为100%,但产率不同,具体如表3所示
表3不同反应物摩尔比例的实施例
实施例 硝基苯/苯甲醛 产率
10 1.5 76
5 2 82
11 3 83
实施例12-17:
与实施例5的操作及步骤相同,只改变反应溶剂,同样得到N-苄基苯胺,但转化率和产率不同,具体如表4所示
表4不同溶剂的实施例
实施例18-36:
与实施例5的操作及步骤相同,只改变羰基化合物种类,同样得到相应二级胺,转化率均为100%但产率不同,具体如表5所示
表5不同羰基化合物的实施例
a反应18h。
实施例37-47:
与实施例5的操作及步骤相同,只改变硝基类化合物种类,同样得到相应二级胺,转化率均为100%但收率不同,具体如表6所示:
表6不同硝基类化合物的实施例
a反应18h。

Claims (4)

1.一种利用氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂催化甲酸还原偶联硝基类化合物和羰基类化合物的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
在有机溶剂中,加入硝基类化合物、88wt.%甲酸溶液、羰基化合物和氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂CoNx@CN,硝基类有机物、羰基化合物和甲酸溶液的摩尔体积比为1mmol:1.5-3mmol:160-180μL,硝基类化合物与CoNx@CN的摩尔质量比为1mmol:40mg,通入氮气,在反应温度为110-150℃、反应压强为2MPa的条件下反应10-18小时,得到仲胺类化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述利用氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂催化甲酸还原偶联硝基类化合物和羰基类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述硝基类化合物为硝基苯、邻硝基甲苯、间硝基甲苯、对硝基甲苯、对氟硝基苯、对氯硝基苯、对甲氧基硝基苯、对硝基苯腈、1-硝基丙烷、硝基环己烷、对硝基苯酚、对硝基苯乙酮中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述利用氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂催化甲酸还原偶联硝基类化合物和羰基类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述羰基化合物为对甲基苯甲醛、对甲氧基苯甲醛、苯甲醛、对氟苯甲醛、对氯苯甲醛、对溴苯甲醛、2-萘甲醛、2-噻吩甲醛、2-呋喃甲醛、4-吡啶甲醛、环己基甲醛、正庚醛、异丁醛、二苯甲酮、苯乙酮、环己酮、4-二甲氨基苯甲醛、对甲酰基苯甲酸、4-甲酰基-N-异丙基苯甲酰胺、对羟基苯甲醛的其中任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的利用氮掺杂碳材料包裹钴催化剂催化甲酸还原偶联硝基类化合物和羰基类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述的有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、对二甲苯、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、正己烷和乙腈中的任意一种。
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