CN106824090B - 一种新型磁性金属有机骨架复合材料的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种新型磁性金属有机骨架复合材料的制备方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN106824090B
CN106824090B CN201611085770.6A CN201611085770A CN106824090B CN 106824090 B CN106824090 B CN 106824090B CN 201611085770 A CN201611085770 A CN 201611085770A CN 106824090 B CN106824090 B CN 106824090B
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付明来
霍江波
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种磁性金属有机骨架复合材料及其制备方法,以铁锰氧化物纳米纤维作为磁性基体,利用表面活性剂处理纤维表面,并将其与金属有机骨架材料的前驱体混合,通过控制有机配体的浓度,利用油浴反应,合成了磁性金属有机骨架复合材料。采用本发明制备出的磁性金属有机骨架复合材料能够利用外部磁场,实现快速分离,避免了水处理后,材料分离需通过过滤或离心等耗时的操作。

Description

一种新型磁性金属有机骨架复合材料的制备方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高效去除水中重金属Pb2+的新型吸附材料,具体来讲是一种水稳定性的磁性金属有机骨架复合材料的制备方法,属于水处理技术领域。
背景技术
随着现代工业的快速发展,重金属污染也日益突出。由于其具有环境持久性、生物富集性、潜在性等,严重威胁着人类的健康。重金属铅在水中主要以二价离子形式存在,由于其来源广泛且毒性较大,受到了重点关注。Pb2+可经皮肤、消化道、呼吸道等进入人体,在肝,肾,脑组织等处聚积,并通过血液扩散到全身,对神经系统,造血系统和肾脏的损害最为严重。另外Pb2+可阻碍儿童智力发育,造成长期的大脑损伤。因此,Pb2+被认为是对人体健康和环境危害最大的重金属之一,被列为优先控制污染物。目前,去除水中重金属Pb2+的方法有:化学沉淀法、物理法和生物处理法等。上述方法对Pb2+的去除有一定效果,但存在局限性,比如去除率低、设备费用高、易产生二次污染等。吸附法由于具有吸附材料来源广泛,吸附容量大,吸附速度快,去除效率高,操作简单,可重复使用等优点而受到广泛关注。因而,开发和研究更加易于制备,低廉,有效的,可重复使用的高性能吸附剂是目前国内外研究的一个热点。
近年来,金属-有机骨架材料(MOFs)凭借其巨大的比表面积、可调的孔径、良好的化学和热稳定性以及简便的制备方法等优点,广泛应用于气体储存、传感、选择分离、催化、药物运输等领域。然而,由于MOFs 机械强度低,固体呈粉末状等缺陷,使其在某些领域中的应用受到一定限制。因此,开发MOFs的复合材料成为该方向的前沿课题。
吸附性能与吸附剂的比表面积,孔径分布及吸附质的亲和力有关。如何获得高效、稳定、易于回收、可重复利用的吸附材料是研究的重点。因此以磁性纳米材料为基体复合多孔的吸附材料,既克服了吸附剂难分离的难题,同时也保留了较高的吸附性能。
磁性金属-有机框架复合材料(MMOFs)是磁性纳米粒子与MOFs复合的一种新型纳米功能材料。MMOFs复合材料继承了MOFs比表面积大和孔径可调的优点,同时兼具了磁性分离的性质。借助外加磁场,能够快速实现固液分离,避免了繁琐的过滤、离心等操作,大大降低了设备成本,简化了处理工艺。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种成本低廉、制备简单、性能优良的铁锰氧化物纳米纤维/HKUST-1复合材料的制备方法及其在吸附水中重金属Pb2+的应用中具有快速、高效、易分离、可重复利用的优点。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提出的一种铁锰氧化物纳米纤维/HKUST-1复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤。
步骤一:称取一定量铁锰氧化物纳米纤维前驱体FeSO4·7H2O、MnSO4·H2O、N(CH2COOH)3(摩尔比为1:2:2),溶于异丙醇和超纯水(体积比为2:1)的混合溶液中;磁力搅拌器300-1500r/min搅拌1~2h。
步骤二:将反应完全的上述溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,并放入烘箱,设置温度180℃,反应时间6h;反应完成后,过滤,收集固体样品,真空干燥箱(参数:温度0~80℃,干燥时间1~4h)。
步骤三:干燥完成后,研磨,转移至坩埚中,设置马弗炉温度450℃,煅烧2~6h;煅烧完成后,研磨收集样品,保存于干燥器。
步骤四:称量新制备的铁锰氧化物纳米纤维100mg,分散于硫代乳酸的乙醇溶液(50mL,0.1-0.5mmol/L)中,机械搅拌,反应2~6h。
步骤五:将修饰后的铁锰氧化物纳米纤维预先分散于Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O的乙醇溶液(0.05~0.2mol/L,50mL)。
步骤六:将H3BTC(均苯三甲酸)的乙醇溶液(0.01-0.1mol/L,50mL),经蠕动泵,设定流速1mL·min-1,滴入步骤五的溶液中;油浴温度为50~100℃,反应10~60min,机械搅拌。
步骤七:滴加完成后,油浴反应2~6h;反应完成后老化5~24h,乙醇和超纯水交替洗涤,磁性分离,放入50~100℃,真空干燥箱3~24h,备用。
上述制备的铁锰双氧化物纳米纤维/HKUST-1复合材料可用于吸附水中重金属。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:1本发明的制备过程简单,无需高端的专业设备,降低了制备成本;2本发明与现有的吸附法相比,吸附速率快,吸附效果好,同时可以快速实现固液分离,避免了繁琐的分离过程;3本发明可以改变磁性基体与MOFs的质量比,合成具有不同磁性强度和不同比表面积的一系列复合材料;4本发明吸附性能好、易于分离、抗干扰性好。
附图说明
图1本发明实施案例1制备的铁锰氧化物纳米纤维/HKUST-1复合材料的SEM图。
图2本发明实施案例1制备的铁锰氧化物纳米纤维/HKUST-1复合材料的能谱图。
图3本发明实施案例1制备的铁锰氧化物纳米纤维/HKUST-1复合材料的磁滞回线。
图4本发明实施案例2铁锰氧化物纳米纤维/HKUST-1复合材料对Pb2+的吸附动力学。
图5本发明实施案例3铁锰氧化物纳米纤维/HKUST-1复合材料对Pb2+的吸附等温线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施案例对本发明技术方案做进一步详细描述,所描述的具体实施案例仅对本发明解释说明,并不局限于此发明。
实施案例1
步骤一:称量铁锰氧化物纳米纤维前驱体FeSO4·7H2O、MnSO4·H2O、N(CH2COOH)3(分别为2.08g/2.54g/2.87g),溶于75mL异丙醇和超纯水(体积比为2:1)的混合溶液中;磁力搅拌器1000r/min搅拌1h。
步骤二:将反应完全的上述溶液转移至100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,并放入烘箱,设置温度180℃,反应时间6h;反应完成后,过滤,收集固体样品,置于真空干燥箱烘干(参数:温度60℃,干燥时间2h)。
步骤三:干燥完成后,研磨,转移至坩埚中,设置马弗炉温度450℃,煅烧4h;煅烧完成后,研磨收集样品,保存于干燥器。
步骤四:称量新制备的铁锰氧化物纳米纤维100mg,分散于硫代乳酸的乙醇溶液(50mL,0.29mmol/L)中,机械搅拌,反应4h。
步骤五:将修饰后的铁锰氧化物纳米纤维预先分散于Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O的乙醇溶液(0.2mol/L,50mL)。
步骤六:将H3BTC(均苯三甲酸)的乙醇溶液(0.05mol/L,50mL),经蠕动泵,设定流速1mL·min-1,滴入步骤六的溶液中;油浴温度为70℃,反应30min,机械搅拌。
步骤七:滴加完成后,油浴反应4h;反应完成后老化12h,乙醇和超纯水交替洗涤,磁性分离,放入80℃,真空干燥箱10h,备用。
图1为实施案例1中制备的铁锰氧化物纳米纤维/HKUST-1复合材料,可以明显地看出氧化物纳米纤维和HKUST-1的复合结构,HKUST-1在铁锰氧化物纳米纤维的外部生长;图2为实施案例1制备的复合材料的EDX图,从图中可以看出,二者成功的复合,并具有一定的复合比;图3为实施案例1 制备的铁锰氧化物纳米纤维以及复合材料的磁滞回线;经复合之后,磁力强度明显减弱,但外加磁场仍然能够实现分离。
实施案例2
配制60mg·L-1的Pb(NO3)2水溶液500ml,转移至1000ml的锥形瓶中,加入200mg案例1制备的磁性MOFs复合材料;摇床参数为:25℃,250r/min;在不同时间间隔定量取样5ml悬浊液,经0.22μm水系膜过滤;取样时长6h;以上样品经AAS(原子吸收光谱)分析定量,绘制如图4的动力学曲线;铁锰氧化物纳米纤维,HKUST-1的吸附动力学绘制过程同磁性复合材料。
图4为案例2测定的三种吸附剂的动力学曲线,从图4可以看出,复合材料保留了HKUST-1的快速吸附特征,2h内即可达到平衡;并且具有较高的平衡吸附量(90mg·g-1);由于复合材料具有磁性,可快速实现固液分离,是一种性能良好的吸附剂。
实施案例3
配制Pb(NO3)2系列浓度60、100、200、400、600、800、1000、1200mg·L-1;吸附剂投加量为0.5g·L-1;摇床参数如案例2;在2h时,定量取5ml悬浊液,经0.22μm水系膜过滤;以上样品经AAS(原子吸收光谱仪)分析定量,绘制如图5的吸附等温曲线(298K)。
图5为案例1制备的磁性复合材料吸附水中重金属Pb2+的等温线(298K),从图中得出,室温下该磁性复合材料对Pb2+的饱和吸附量为720mg·g-1;该复合材料不仅对重金属吸附量大而且可以磁性分离,是一种具有实际应用价值的高效吸附剂。

Claims (1)

1.一种新型的磁性金属有机骨架复合材料在吸附水中重金属Pb2+中的应用,其特征在于,所述新型的磁性金属有机骨架复合材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)预先合成铁锰氧化物纳米纤维,按前驱体FeSO4·7H2O、MnSO4·H2O、N(CH2COOH)3的摩尔比为1:2:2称取一定量,溶于异丙醇和超纯水的混合溶液中,异丙醇和超纯水的体积比为2:1;磁力搅拌器300-1500r/min搅拌1~2h;
(2)将反应完全的上述溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,放入烘箱,设置温度180℃,反应时间6h;反应完成后,收集固体样品,真空干燥箱,温度0~80℃,干燥时间1~4h;
(3)干燥完成后,研磨,转移至坩埚中,设置马弗炉温度450℃,煅烧2~6h;煅烧完成后,研磨收集样品,保存于干燥器;
(4)称量新制备的铁锰氧化物纳米纤维100mg,分散于50mL硫代乳酸的乙醇溶液中,硫代乳酸的浓度为0.1-0.5mmol/L,机械搅拌,反应2~6h;
(5)将修饰后的铁锰氧化物纳米纤维预先分散于50mL Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O的乙醇溶液,Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O的浓度为0.05~0.2mol/L;
(6)将50mL H3BTC的乙醇溶液,H3BTC的浓度为0.01-0.1mol/L,经蠕动泵,设定流速1mL·min-1,滴入步骤(5)的溶液中;油浴温度为50~100℃,反应10~60min,机械搅拌;
(7)滴加完成后,油浴反应持续2~6h;反应完成后老化5~24h,乙醇和超纯水交替洗涤,磁性分离;50~100℃,真空干燥3~24h,备用。
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