CN106823198A - A kind of lithium battery box extinguishing method - Google Patents
A kind of lithium battery box extinguishing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106823198A CN106823198A CN201710121552.1A CN201710121552A CN106823198A CN 106823198 A CN106823198 A CN 106823198A CN 201710121552 A CN201710121552 A CN 201710121552A CN 106823198 A CN106823198 A CN 106823198A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/04—Control of fire-fighting equipment with electrically-controlled release
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Abstract
A kind of early warning of lithium battery thermal runaway and autocontrol method, it is characterised in that once the battery in battery case causes the condition of a fire because thermal runaway develops, the extinguishing chemical of automatic extinguishing device release immediately is put out a fire, and extinguishing chemical discharges several times.The method overcomes the multiple condition of a fire that tradition fire-fighting mode triggers in the control of the lithium battery box condition of a fire for condition of a fire resume combustion and thermal runaway extension at present that uncontrollable deficiency occurs, a kind of method that multiple release extinguishing chemical carries out multiple fire extinguishing is provided, sustainable cooling, effectively suppress condition of a fire resume combustion, prevent thermal runaway from extending, property loss is reduced, the generation of pernicious condition of a fire accident is avoided as far as possible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium battery, lithium battery energy storage battery, electric vehicle engineering field, especially a kind of battery case fire extinguishing side
Method.
Background technology
Lithium battery of the present invention refers to the general designation of lithium metal battery and lithium ion battery, is particularly widely used at present
Lithium alloy metals oxide be positive electrode high-performance lithium ion battery, including the lithium ion such as ternary material, LiFePO4
Battery.Lithium battery single battery core finite energy, in actual use often by connecting and composing in parallel battery pack, seals
Integrally used as electrokinetic cell in battery case.
With the fast development of lithium battery energy storage battery particularly lithium battery practical application in terms of electric powered motor, along with
More and more frequently fire incident, almost all of electric automobile event of fire is all related to electrokinetic cell, lithium battery energy storage battery electricity
Stand and lithium battery factory malignant fire accident also has generation.The energy density of lithium battery is high, is the ideal of portable power source and energy storage
Selection, current lithium ion battery technology can't accomplish the absolute stability safety during use, and its major security risk is
Thermal runaway and thermal runaway extension during battery use.Thermal runaway refers to that cell batteries heat release chain reaction causes battery certainly
Temperature rise rate overheat jumpy, on fire, explosion phenomenon；And thermal runaway extension refers to the monomer of battery bag or internal system
Battery or cell batteries unit thermal runaway, and trigger adjacent or other position batteries thermal runaway in the battery system
Phenomenon.
It is a lasting chemical reaction process that lithium battery occurs thermal runaway, after fuel gas quick-fried spray, burning is produced its
Itself thermal runaway process does not stop immediately, will even if starting extinguishing device release extinguishing chemical in the very first time that the condition of a fire occurs
After environment fire extinguishment, inside battery is also continuing thermal runaway reaction, however it remains resume combustion may.By many inside lithium battery box
In groups, thermal runaway and often trigger thermal runaway to extend in single battery to battery dense arrangement there is, causes adjacent cell that heat occurs and loses
Control and produce quick-fried spray, burning in succession.If battery case inside occurs the condition of a fire, existing extinguishing device only carries out an extinguishing chemical and releases
Fire extinguishing is put, then abandoning fire extinguishment substantially for the successive condition of a fire for occurring operates.
Application for a patent for invention number 201310302644.1 is detected there is provided a kind of using flame detector detection and basis
Fire signal start the electric automobile self-extinguishing method of fire-smothering gear, this method relies on flame detector detection electricity
The condition of a fire of pond case, can detect and start fire extinguishing during the serious consequence for causing naked light to burn after the generation of battery thermal runaway；
Because battery case inner space is narrow and small, complex structure, single flame detector detection mode is easily caused fails to report the condition of a fire；If
Resume combustion or trigger thermal runaway extension in battery case internal cell, then generation of this method to the follow-up multiple condition of a fire for occurring there is
Substantially without fire-extinguishing operations.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome tradition fire-fighting mode to be at present directed to condition of a fire resume combustion in the control of the lithium battery box condition of a fire
There is uncontrollable deficiency in the multiple condition of a fire triggered with thermal runaway extension, there is provided a kind of repeatedly release extinguishing chemical is repeatedly gone out
The method of fire, can effectively suppress condition of a fire resume combustion, prevent thermal runaway from extending the condition of a fire for triggering again, substantially reduce and triggered by thermal runaway
Lithium battery thermal runaway chain reaction risk, protect vehicle driver and crew the security of the lives and property, serious accident is avoided as far as possible
Generation.
Method of the present invention is as follows：
A kind of lithium battery box extinguishing method, once the battery in battery case causes the condition of a fire because thermal runaway develops, immediately automatically
Start extinguishing device release extinguishing chemical to be put out a fire, extinguishing chemical discharges several times.
It is real-time using multiple sensors in battery case as the first determination method of repeatedly release extinguishing chemical time interval
The environmental data of lithium battery box is gathered, sensor can be but not limited to characteristic gas sensor, temperature sensor, smog sensing
Device, flame sensor；Compound judgement is carried out in real time using the multinomial sensing data for being collected, if it is determined that there is the condition of a fire to send out
It is raw, then start extinguishing device release extinguishing chemical and put out a fire；If collecting environmental data outside the stipulated time after fire extinguishing
And judge that the condition of a fire occurs or is not off again, then it is again started up extinguishing device release extinguishing chemical and is put out a fire；Repeat a upper mistake
Journey, until the condition of a fire is thoroughly extinguished.It is described " if collecting environmental data outside stipulated time after fire extinguishing and judging the condition of a fire
Occur again or be not off, be then again started up extinguishing device release extinguishing chemical and put out a fire " it is intended to：After the completion of fire extinguishing procedure
The recovery time of ambient condition, is caused with eliminating when fire extinguishing is just completed because ambient parameter not yet recovers after a reserved fire extinguishing
The condition of a fire wrong report.
Preferably, gather the environmental data of lithium battery box using multiple sensors in battery case, judge that the condition of a fire occurs simultaneously
Control extinguishing device release extinguishing chemical, realizes, condition of a fire prewarning controller includes microcontroller list by condition of a fire prewarning controller
Unit, communication module, extinguishing device starting module, power module, characteristic gas sensor, Smoke Sensor, temperature sensor, fire
Flame sensor, subsidiary components and printed circuit board (PCB), characteristic gas sensor, Smoke Sensor, temperature sensor, flame are passed
The environmental data that sensor will be collected is input to micro-control unit by conversion；Micro-control unit is preinstalled with condition of a fire early warning and judgement
Algorithm, condition of a fire early warning and evaluation algorithm are according to the development of environmental data early warning battery thermal runaway and judge whether the condition of a fire occurs；It is micro-
Control unit is connected with communication module, the data and condition of a fire early warning that will can be collected judge information by communication bus and other
System carries out data interaction；Micro-control unit is also connected with multiple extinguishing device starting modules, once judgement has the condition of a fire, puts out a fire
Device starting module starts extinguishing device by enabling signal line；Micro-control unit can be according to the evaluation algorithm of prepackage respectively to not
Same extinguishing device starting module sends enabling signal；Micro-control unit can repeatedly send to same extinguishing device starting module and open
Dynamic signal；Power module connects external power source by power line, for condition of a fire prewarning controller provides working power；Microcontroller list
On a printed circuit, characteristic gas sensor, smog are passed for unit, communication module, extinguishing device starting module, power module assembling
Sensor, temperature sensor, flame sensor can be with direct-assemblings on circuit boards, it is also possible to be connected with circuit board by wire harness.
Preferably, the multinomial sensing data for being collected is utilized to be combined the generation for judging the condition of a fire in real time, using sensor
There is the judgement of the condition of a fire as judging lithium battery in current environment data that Real-time Collection is arrived and the speed of current environment data variation
Foundation：
Make dnRepresent n-th environmental data, Δ dnRepresent in time period Δ t environmental datas dnVariable quantity, then this environment number
According to rate of change snIt is expressed as：
As the condition of a fire judge object set A be：
A={ d1,s1,d2,s2,......,dn,sn}
To specific lithium battery species and battery case type, there is position and sensor position for battery catches fire mode, the condition of a fire
Put, test of many times measures multinomial such battery variety and battery case occurs the observed value of the condition of a fire, summarizes only when the condition of a fire occurs
Just it is observed that the condition of a fire judge characteristics of objects threshold value combination：
If there is set Fj：
Following condition is only met when the condition of a fire occurs：
Set Fj'={ x1j,x1j,,......,xkjIt is test of many times checking acquisition condition of a fire characteristic；
Fj' collection be combined into：F'={ F1',F2',...,Fj',...}
F' is to judge that this battery variety occurs the Mathematical Modeling of the condition of a fire as condition of a fire basis for estimation in particular battery case.
As second determination method of repeatedly release extinguishing chemical time interval, according to specific battery variety and burst mode
Determine that lithium battery occurs the condition of a fire and triggers the time interval of thermal runaway extension or resume combustion, fire extinguishing dress when being set in advance in the generation condition of a fire
The time interval of release extinguishing chemical is put, in fire extinguishing procedure, extinguishing chemical is repeatedly discharged according to time interval.The program both can be independent
As the determination methods of repeatedly release extinguishing chemical time interval；Repeatedly extinguishing chemical time interval can also be discharged with the first really
The method of determining is used in mixed way：Optionally applied when detecting and judging that sensor degradation accurately cannot judge the condition of a fire.
Preferably, according to specific battery variety and burst mode determine lithium battery occur the condition of a fire and trigger thermal runaway extend or
The time interval of resume combustion, is calculated in the following way：
Have occurred and that thermal runaway battery transferred heat to by the device that is connected, cross-ventilation and heat radiation it is adjacent
Battery, triggers adjacent cell that thermal runaway occurs；
Pyroconductivity Q between adjacent cell is：
Q=Q1+Q2+Q3
In formula, Q1It is the device pyroconductivity, Q of being connected between adjacent cell2It is cross-ventilated heat between adjacent cell
Conductivity, Q3It is the pyroconductivity of heat radiation between adjacent cell, acquisition pattern is as follows：
The device pyroconductivity that is connected Q1Using Fourier law, calculated by equation below：
Wherein k1It is the coefficient of heat conduction of the device materials that are connected, A1It is the sectional area of the device that is connected, T1For
There is the surface temperature of the battery of thermal runaway, T2It is adjacent cell surface temperature, d is by the dress that is connected between adjacent cell
The heat transfer distance put；
Cross-ventilated pyroconductivity Q2, calculated by equation below：
Q2=k2×A2×(T1-T2)
Wherein k2It is the coefficient of heat conduction of air, A2It is the air contact surfaces parameter of battery, T1To have occurred and that thermal runaway
The surface temperature of battery, T2It is adjacent cell surface temperature；
The pyroconductivity Q of heat radiation between adjacent cell3According to this special fence-Boltzmann law, calculated by equation below：
WhereinIt is this special fence-Boltzmann constant, T1To have occurred and that the surface temperature of the battery of thermal runaway, T2For adjacent
Battery surface temperature, E is calculated by equation below：
Wherein A3It is surface exposed area between battery, e is the emissivity of battery surface material, and F is the visual factor between battery,
Can be obtained according to battery surface shape and distance；
Type according to battery determines for battery to be heated to thermal runaway and heat W required for causing detonation：
W=C × M × (T2'-T2)
Wherein, C is the specific heat capacity of battery, and M is the quality of battery, T2' it is the thermal runaway triggering temperature of battery, T2It is battery
Normal working temperature；
Then trigger the time interval t of thermal runaway extension to calculate to be defined as：
T=W/Q.
Preferably, it is simulated thermal runaway by the similar battery to identical burst mode to test, determines battery thermal runaway
Extension triggers the time interval of condition of a fire resume combustion in battery case, and test method is as follows：An electricity in choosing battery pack in battery case
Pond, triggers battery thermal runaway and produces the condition of a fire, triggers battery thermal runaway and produce the mode of the condition of a fire to use overcharging or heating,
Observation produces the condition of a fire to causing adjacent cell thermal runaway the time interval of the condition of a fire occur from battery；This experiment is done and is repeatedly taken when measuring
Between be spaced average value be defined as trigger thermal runaway extend and cause adjacent cell occur the condition of a fire time interval.
As the first implementation of repeatedly release extinguishing chemical, realized to battery case environment number by detecting and controlling unit
According to collection, and the occurrence and development state of the condition of a fire is judged according to the environmental data for collecting, detection control dress and extinguishing device
It is connected, according to the occurrence and development state of the condition of a fire, controllable extinguishing device is multiple to go out detecting and controlling unit to battery case release
Fiery agent is put out a fire.
Used as second implementation of repeatedly release extinguishing chemical, multiple extinguishing devices are installed in lithium battery box inside, multiple
Extinguishing device can be respectively started release extinguishing chemical.This implementation is realized to battery case environmental data by detecting and controlling unit
Collection, and the occurrence and development state of the condition of a fire is judged according to the environmental data for collecting, detecting and controlling unit is put out a fire with multiple
Device is connected, and detecting and controlling unit can respectively control extinguishing device independent to battery according to the occurrence and development state of the condition of a fire
Case release extinguishing chemical is put out a fire.
This method can also be used to prevent resume combustion and thermal runaway from extending after fire extinguishing：Once generation condition of a fire automatic immediately
Extinguishing device release extinguishing chemical is put out a fire, and multiple or sustained release extinguishing chemical is lowered the temperature to battery case inside after fire extinguishing,
Suppress the development of thermal runaway, prevent resume combustion and thermal runaway from extending.Extinguishing chemical can be but not limited to heptafluoro-propane, carbon dioxide,
The extinguishing chemical with cooling-down effect such as aerosol.The extinguishing chemical for cooling of follow-up release can be differently configured to start for the first time and use
In the extinguishing chemical of fire extinguishing.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Using method of the invention, it is possible to when lithium battery thermal runaway occurs and triggers the condition of a fire, automatic is put out a fire immediately
Device carries out fire extinguishing control, and triggers condition of a fire resume combustion and thermal runaway extension to trigger the full mistake of condition of a fire diffusion in lithium battery thermal runaway
Journey, continues repeatedly to start fire-extinguishing operations, puts out the follow-up resume combustion of battery thermal runaway, and suppress the sub-sequent fire that thermal runaway extension triggers
Feelings, it is to avoid cause bigger disaster.
The design of the battery case extinguishing device used in current industry derives from tradition fire extinguishing industry experience mostly, when lithium electricity
When the condition of a fire occurs in the case of pond, extinguishing device starts and disposably release extinguishing chemical is put out, and this fire-fighting mode does not consider
In to lithium battery box the characteristics of the condition of a fire.
It is a lasting chemical reaction process that lithium battery occurs thermal runaway, after fuel gas quick-fried spray, burning is produced its
Itself thermal runaway process does not stop immediately, will even if starting extinguishing device release extinguishing chemical in the very first time that the condition of a fire occurs
After environment fire extinguishment, inside battery is also continuing thermal runaway reaction, however it remains resume combustion may.Part ternary material lithium battery
Oxygen is directly even decomposited in thermal runaway evolution, even if isolation air can also be produced burning again.In lithium battery box
By numerous battery dense arrangements in groups, there is thermal runaway and often trigger thermal runaway to extend in single battery, cause adjacent cell in portion
Generation thermal runaway simultaneously produces quick-fried spray, burning in succession.If battery case internal cell thermal runaway occurs the condition of a fire, extinguishing device is only carried out
Extinguishing chemical release, cannot then put out for the successive condition of a fire for occurring.Power lithium battery box for new-energy automobile is one
The individual confined space for meeting waterproof requirement, and built-in redundancy space is limited, at present in new-energy automobile power battery case planted agent
Extinguishing device is disposably discharged a large amount of gas extinguishing agents in limited confined space and is stranded very much based on gas extinguishing agent
Difficulty, excessive extinguishing chemical can cause battery case internal pressure to increase suddenly, destroy the structure of battery case.
The present invention easily produces resume combustion for the lithium battery box condition of a fire, and can trigger the spy of the condition of a fire because thermal runaway extension is continuous
Point, extinguishing method of the design specifically designed for the multiple release extinguishing chemical of property.
The very first time that this method occurs the condition of a fire inside lithium battery box accurately judges that the condition of a fire occurs and starts fire extinguishing immediately
Device, extinguishing device is put out a fire to the extinguishing chemical that nominal dose is discharged inside battery case.If the condition of a fire is not controlled or had
The new condition of a fire occurs, then extinguishing device is again started up, and second release extinguishing chemical is put out a fire.This extinguishing action can be multiple
Repeat, until the condition of a fire is thoroughly controlled or extinguishing chemical all release.The current extinguishing device in lithium battery box internal applications is with gas
Based on the release of the gaseous form such as colloidal sol, ultra-fine dry powder, heptafluoro-propane, carbon dioxide extinguishing chemical, when the condition of a fire occurs, release can
Give full play to its chemical reaction, absorption burning free radical, asphyxia, cooling, radiate screening every etc. fire extinguishing effectiveness.Extinguishing device is multiple
Extinguishing chemical is discharged to the small space inside battery case, the agent concentration inside battery case, and energy can be for a long time maintained
Effect of continued down is enough played, excessive release is turn avoid once and is caused battery case internal pressure excessive, lead to not release
Extinguishing chemical or destruction battery case consequence.Meanwhile, continued down is the effective means for suppressing battery thermal runaway.
It is accurately to judge that the condition of a fire is sent out the very first time due to the complex structure of the burst mode of battery and battery case in battery case
Green tape is come difficult.Popular condition of a fire detection method is sensed by laying indivedual single point temperatures in battery case in current industry
Device, default threshold value, triggering condition of a fire alarm are reached by measuring environment temperature.This mode is only limitted to in temperature sensor
There is the timely detection of the condition of a fire in the battery for closing on, if fire location is not beside temperature sensor, in condition of a fire initial stage temperature
The environmental change for detecting then has arrived the later stage of condition of a fire development not it is obvious that equitemperature reaches default alarm threshold value, wrong
Spent the opportunity condition of a fire eliminated in bud.The battery case of new-energy automobile is usually special-shaped cramped construction, many batteries
The built-in thousands of battery cores of case, are easy to produce leakage when the condition of a fire occurs only according to the single mode such as temperature sensor or flame sensor
Sentence, miss optimal fire extinguishing opportunity.
The characteristics of battery thermal runaway causes the condition of a fire is that internal heat is rapidly assembled in a short time, internal pressure rapidly increases quick-fried spray
Go out flammable characteristic gas, the quick change of battery context data can be detected by sensor, according to this feature, in this method
The method for carrying out comprehensive descision using the variation characteristic of the environmental data to collecting, improves the accuracy of condition of a fire judgement.
In this method, calculated by theory, and collect a large amount of environmental datas that feelings of lighting a fire are issued in battery case different parts different condition
With the rate of change of environmental data, therefrom summarize the condition of a fire and the environmental data feature for necessarily triggering occurs, and according to these features
Foundation judges the Mathematical Modeling that the condition of a fire occurs, and for the accurate generation for judging the condition of a fire, can accomplish in the first of condition of a fire generation
Between judge the condition of a fire occur, accomplish not fail to judge, do not judge by accident.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of embodiment party's schematic diagram of the inventive method.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
With reference to Fig. 1, this method can be made up of two parts in actual applications, condition of a fire prewarning controller 1 and be controlled by it
Multiple extinguishing devices of system, are provided with three Compact Aerosol extinguishing devices in the implementation case：Extinguishing device 1, fire extinguishing
Device 23, extinguishing device 34.In other embodiments, an extinguishing device for possessing repeatedly release extinguishing chemical function can also be used
Substitute extinguishing device 1, extinguishing device 23 and extinguishing device 34.
In the present embodiment, condition of a fire prewarning controller 1 by three fire extinguishing start lines 5 respectively with extinguishing device 1, fire extinguishing
Device 23, extinguishing device 34 are connected, and inside battery case 8.
Condition of a fire prewarning controller 1 is an electronic equipment, including characteristic gas sensor 101, Smoke Sensor 102,
Temperature sensor 103, flame sensor 104, micro-control unit 105,108, three extinguishing device starting modules of communication module
107th, power module 109 and other subsidiary components, above-mentioned module and device are assembled on printed circuit board (PCB) 110.External electricity
Source is connected to power module 109 and provides working power to condition of a fire prewarning controller 1 by power line 7.Condition of a fire early warning control dress
Put 1 to be connected with other systems by communication bus 6 via communication module 108, early warning signal and the condition of a fire can be judged by logical
Letter bus transmission other systems, it is possible to receive information and the instruction of other systems, in the present embodiment, communication bus is used
CAN communication agreement.Once the generation condition of a fire, condition of a fire prewarning controller 1 can respectively via extinguishing device starting module 107, to
Extinguishing device 1, extinguishing device 23 or the extinguishing device 34 being each connected send and start fire extinguishing instruction.
When having lithium battery that thermal runaway danger occurs inside battery case, internal temperature of battery is raised, and starts improper chemistry
Reaction, produces gas, internal pressure increase, gas overflowing, external temperature also to raise in succession, and condition of a fire prewarning controller 1 passes through
Sensor detects this abnormal environment changing features, and micro-control unit 105 utilizes pre-installed algorithm and fire related to battery
Feelings progressions model judged, early warning signal is sent to other control system by communication bus.If thermal runaway is further sent out
Open up, battery produces quick-fried spray simultaneously to trigger the condition of a fire to produce burning, and condition of a fire prewarning controller 1 utilizes pre-installed algorithm and condition of a fire development
Mathematical Modeling is judged, if it is determined that the condition of a fire occurs, then starting extinguishing device 1 by connecting line of putting out a fire immediately discharges fire extinguishing
Agent is put out a fire, while condition of a fire alarm signal can also be sent to other control system by communication bus.Condition of a fire early warning is controlled
Device 1 continues through sensors towards ambient data acquisition and judges, if it find that the condition of a fire is not suppressed, or new condition of a fire hair
It is raw, then the release extinguishing chemical of extinguishing device 23 is started by connecting line of putting out a fire immediately and put out a fire, while can also warn the secondary condition of a fire
The number of notifying is sent by communication bus to other control system.Condition of a fire prewarning controller 1 continues through sensors towards ambient number
According to gathering and judging, if it find that the condition of a fire is not suppressed also, or subsequently has the new condition of a fire again, then connected by fire extinguishing immediately
Wiring starts the release extinguishing chemical of extinguishing device 34 and is put out a fire, while condition of a fire alarm signal is passed through into communication bus to it again
He sends control system.
In the present embodiment, the multinomial sensing data for being collected is utilized to be combined the generation for judging the condition of a fire in real time, using biography
There is the condition of a fire as judging lithium battery in current environment data that sensor Real-time Collection is arrived and the speed of current environment data variation
Basis for estimation：
Make dnRepresent n-th environmental data, Δ dnRepresent in time period Δ t environmental datas dnVariable quantity, then this environment number
According to rate of change snIt is expressed as：
As the condition of a fire judge object set A be：
A={ d1,s1,d2,s2,......,dn,sn}
To specific lithium battery species and battery case type, there is position and sensor position for battery catches fire mode, the condition of a fire
Put, test of many times measures multinomial such battery variety and battery case occurs the observed value of the condition of a fire, summarizes only when the condition of a fire occurs
Just it is observed that the condition of a fire judge characteristics of objects threshold value combination：
If there is set Fj：
Following condition is only met when the condition of a fire occurs：
Set Fj'={ x1j,x1j,,......,xkjIt is test of many times checking acquisition condition of a fire characteristic；
Fj' collection be combined into：F'={ F1',F2',...,Fj',...}
F' is to judge that this battery variety occurs the Mathematical Modeling of the condition of a fire as condition of a fire basis for estimation in particular battery case.Lift
Example explanation：Set F' includes element F1' and element F2', meeting either element situation carries out corresponding fire extinguishing treatment.Element F1' and
Element F2' it is respectively again two set, two kinds of condition of a fire feature situations are represented respectively：Set F1' in include characteristic gas rate of change
Threshold value a, rate of temperature change threshold value b and smog threshold value c, when a, b and c exceed simultaneously, are then considered as and the condition of a fire occur, then start immediately and go out
Fiery device carries out fire extinguishing treatment；And for example set F2' in include characteristic gas threshold value e and flame threshold f, when e and f simultaneously exceed,
Then it is considered as and the condition of a fire occurs, then extinguishing device carries out fire extinguishing treatment immediately.
In the implementation case after extinguishing device starts, condition of a fire prewarning controller 1 continues through sensors towards ambient
Data acquisition simultaneously judges, when the discovery condition of a fire is not extinguished or judges the generation for having resume combustion, is then again started up remaining fire extinguisher and enters
Row fire extinguishing.Because sensor is inside battery case, battery condition of a fire detonation is possible to damage sensor.Condition of a fire early warning control dress
Put 1 detect sensor feedback data exception and judge that sensor degradation accurately cannot judge the condition of a fire after, then according to it is default when
Between be spaced start remaining extinguishing device.Default time interval is that lithium battery occurs the condition of a fire and triggers thermal runaway to extend or resume combustion
Time interval, determined according to specific battery variety and burst mode, can by theoretical calculation, and binding tests checking mode
It is determined.
Its calculation is as follows：
Have occurred and that the battery of thermal runaway will by the device that is connected between adjacent cell, cross-ventilation and heat radiation
Heat transfer triggers adjacent cell that thermal runaway occurs to adjacent cell；
Pyroconductivity Q between adjacent cell is：
Q=Q1+Q2+Q3
In formula, Q1It is be connected device pyroconductivity, Q between adjacent cell2For cross-ventilated between adjacent cell
Pyroconductivity, Q3It is the pyroconductivity of heat radiation between adjacent cell, acquisition pattern is as follows：
Fixing device pyroconductivity Q1Using Fourier law, calculated by equation below：
Wherein k1It is the coefficient of heat conduction of the device materials that are connected, A1It is the sectional area of the device that is connected, T1For
There is the surface temperature of the battery of thermal runaway, T2It is adjacent cell surface temperature, d is the conduction distance between adjacent cell；
Cross-ventilated pyroconductivity Q2Calculated by equation below：
Q2=k2×A2×(T1-T2)
Wherein k2It is the coefficient of heat conduction of air, A2It is the air contact surfaces parameter of battery, T1To have occurred and that thermal runaway
The surface temperature of battery, T2It is adjacent cell surface temperature；
The pyroconductivity Q of heat radiation between adjacent cell3According to this special fence-Boltzmann law, by equation below meter
Calculate：
WhereinIt is this special fence-Boltzmann constant, T1To have occurred and that the surface temperature of the battery of thermal runaway, T2It is phase
Adjacent battery surface temperature, E is calculated by equation below：
Wherein A3It is surface exposed area between battery, e is the visual factor between the emissivity of battery surface material, F batteries, can
Obtained with according to battery surface shape and distance；
Type according to battery determines for battery to be heated to thermal runaway and heat W required for causing detonation：
W=C × M × (T2'-T2)
Wherein, C is the specific heat capacity of battery, and M is the quality of battery, T2' it is the thermal runaway triggering temperature of battery, T2It is battery
Normal working temperature；
Then trigger the time interval t of thermal runaway extension to calculate to be defined as：
T=W/Q.
Preferably, it is simulated thermal runaway by the similar battery to identical burst mode to test, determines battery thermal runaway
Extension triggers the time interval of condition of a fire resume combustion in battery case, and test method is as follows：An electricity in choosing battery pack in battery case
Pond, triggers battery thermal runaway and produces the condition of a fire, triggers battery thermal runaway and produce the mode of the condition of a fire to use overcharging or heating,
Observation produces the condition of a fire to causing adjacent cell thermal runaway the time interval of the condition of a fire occur from battery；This experiment is done and is repeatedly taken when measuring
Between be spaced average value be defined as trigger thermal runaway extend and cause adjacent cell occur the condition of a fire time interval.
In the implementation case, if default time interval is t in condition of a fire prewarning controller 11And t2, then in fire
Feelings prewarning controller 1 starts the release extinguishing chemical of extinguishing device 1 and is put out a fire immediately when determining that the condition of a fire occurs, the subsequent condition of a fire is pre-
Alert control device 1 if it is determined that sensor failure, then the t after the startup of extinguishing device 11Time starts extinguishing device 23,
T after the startup of extinguishing device 232Time starts extinguishing device 34.Because battery case is in the environment of the battery under condition of a fire state
Change quickly over time with temperature, therefore t1And t2Need to calculate respectively and verification experimental verification, value is different.
Above-mentioned case study on implementation is not defined to the spirit and scope of the present invention, is not departing from design concept institute of the present invention
The all variations and modifications made, all should fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lithium battery box extinguishing method, it is characterised in that once battery in battery case causes the condition of a fire because of thermal runaway development,
The extinguishing chemical of automatic extinguishing device release immediately is put out a fire, and extinguishing chemical discharges several times.
2. lithium battery box extinguishing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that real-time using multiple sensors in battery case
Gather the environmental data of lithium battery box；Compound judgement is carried out in real time using the multinomial sensing data for being collected, if it is determined that
There is the condition of a fire, then start extinguishing device release extinguishing chemical and put out a fire；If collected outside the stipulated time after fire extinguishing
Environmental data simultaneously judges that the condition of a fire occurs or is not off again, then be again started up extinguishing device release extinguishing chemical and put out a fire；Weight
A process is gone up again, until the condition of a fire is thoroughly extinguished.
3. lithium battery box extinguishing method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that being gathered using multiple sensors in battery case
The environmental data of lithium battery box, judge the condition of a fire occur and control extinguishing device discharge extinguishing chemical, by condition of a fire prewarning controller
Realize, condition of a fire prewarning controller includes micro-control unit, communication module, extinguishing device starting module, power module, feature gas
Body sensor, Smoke Sensor, temperature sensor, flame sensor, subsidiary components and printed circuit board (PCB), characteristic gas are passed
The environmental data that sensor, Smoke Sensor, temperature sensor, flame sensor will be collected is input to microcontroller list by conversion
Unit；Micro-control unit is preinstalled with condition of a fire early warning and evaluation algorithm, and condition of a fire early warning and evaluation algorithm are according to environmental data early warning battery
The development of thermal runaway simultaneously judges whether the condition of a fire occurs；Micro-control unit is connected with communication module, the data that will can be collected and
Condition of a fire early warning judges that information carries out data interaction by communication bus and other systems；Micro-control unit is also connected with multiple fire extinguishing dresses
Starting module is put, once judging there is the condition of a fire, extinguishing device starting module starts extinguishing device by enabling signal line；Micro-control
Unit processed can send enabling signal to different extinguishing device starting modules respectively according to the evaluation algorithm of prepackage；Micro-control unit
Enabling signal can be repeatedly sent to same extinguishing device starting module；Power module connects external power source by power line, is fire
Feelings prewarning controller provides working power；Micro-control unit, communication module, extinguishing device starting module, power module assembling
On a printed circuit, characteristic gas sensor, Smoke Sensor, temperature sensor, flame sensor can be existed with direct-assembling
On circuit board, it is also possible to be connected with circuit board by wire harness.
4. lithium battery box extinguishing method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that utilizing the multinomial sensing data for being collected
The compound generation for judging the condition of a fire in real time, the current environment data arrived using sensor Real-time Collection and current environment data variation
Speed is used as the basis for estimation for judging the lithium battery generation condition of a fire：
Make dnRepresent n-th environmental data, Δ dnRepresent in time period Δ t environmental datas dnVariable quantity, then this environmental data
Rate of change snIt is expressed as：
As the condition of a fire judge object set A be：
A={ d1,s1,d2,s2,......,dn,sn}
If there is set Fj：
Following condition is only met when the condition of a fire occurs：
Set F'j={ x1j,x1j,,......,xkjIt is test of many times checking acquisition condition of a fire characteristic；
F'jCollection be combined into：F'={ F1',F2',...,F'j,...}
F' is to judge that this battery variety occurs the Mathematical Modeling of the condition of a fire as condition of a fire basis for estimation in particular battery case.
5. lithium battery box extinguishing method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that according to specific battery variety and into prescription
Formula determines that lithium battery occurs the condition of a fire and triggers the time interval of thermal runaway extension or resume combustion, is put out a fire when being set in advance in the generation condition of a fire
Device discharges the time interval of extinguishing chemical, in fire extinguishing procedure, extinguishing chemical is repeatedly discharged according to time interval.
6. lithium battery box extinguishing method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that true according to specific battery variety and burst mode
Determine the time interval that lithium battery occurs the condition of a fire and triggers thermal runaway extension or resume combustion, calculated in the following way：
Pyroconductivity Q between adjacent cell is：
Q=Q1+Q2+Q3
In formula, Q1It is the pyroconductivity of the device that is connected between adjacent cell, Q2For cross-ventilated heat is passed between adjacent cell
Conductance, Q3It is the pyroconductivity of heat radiation between adjacent cell, acquisition pattern is as follows：
The device pyroconductivity that is connected Q1Using Fourier law, calculated by equation below：
Wherein k1It is the coefficient of heat conduction of the device materials that are connected, A1It is the sectional area of the device that is connected, T1To have occurred and that
The surface temperature of the battery of thermal runaway, T2It is adjacent cell surface temperature, d is by the device that is connected between adjacent cell
Heat transfer distance；
Cross-ventilated pyroconductivity Q between adjacent cell2Calculated by equation below：
Q2=k2×A2×(T1-T2)
Wherein k2It is the coefficient of heat conduction of air, A2It is the air contact surfaces parameter of battery, T1To have occurred and that the battery of thermal runaway
Surface temperature, T2It is adjacent cell surface temperature；
The pyroconductivity Q of heat radiation between adjacent cell3According to this special fence-Boltzmann law, calculated by equation below：
WhereinIt is this special fence-Boltzmann constant, T1To have occurred and that the surface temperature of the battery of thermal runaway, T2It is adjacent cell
Surface temperature, E is calculated by equation below：
Wherein A3It is surface exposed area between battery, e is the emissivity of battery surface material, F is the visual factor between battery, can be with
Obtained according to battery surface shape and distance；
Type according to battery determines for battery to be heated to thermal runaway and heat W required for causing detonation：
W=C × M × (T'2-T2)
Wherein, C is the specific heat capacity of battery, and M is the quality of battery, T2' it is the thermal runaway triggering temperature of battery, T2For battery just
Normal operating temperature；
Then trigger the time interval t of thermal runaway extension to calculate to be defined as：
T=W/Q.
7. lithium battery box extinguishing method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that true according to specific battery variety and burst mode
The time interval that lithium battery occurs the condition of a fire and triggers thermal runaway extension or resume combustion is determined, particular by the same of identical burst mode
Class battery is simulated thermal runaway experiment, determines that the extension of battery thermal runaway triggers the time interval of condition of a fire resume combustion in battery case, examination
Proved recipe method is as follows：A battery in choosing battery pack in battery case, triggers battery thermal runaway and produces the condition of a fire, observes from battery
The condition of a fire is produced to causing adjacent cell thermal runaway the time interval of the condition of a fire occur；This experiment is done repeatedly to take and measures the flat of time interval
Average is defined as triggering thermal runaway to extend and causing adjacent cell that the time interval of the condition of a fire occurs.
8. lithium battery box extinguishing method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that once the battery in battery case is because of thermal runaway
Development causes the condition of a fire, and the extinguishing chemical of automatic extinguishing device release immediately is put out a fire, and extinguishing chemical pair is repeatedly discharged after fire extinguishing
Lowered the temperature inside battery case.
9. lithium battery box extinguishing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being realized to battery case by detecting and controlling unit
The collection of environmental data, and the occurrence and development state of the condition of a fire is judged according to the environmental data for collecting, detection control is filled and gone out
Fiery device is connected, and detecting and controlling unit can control extinguishing device repeatedly to battery case according to the occurrence and development state of the condition of a fire
Release extinguishing chemical is put out a fire.
10. lithium battery box extinguishing method according to claim 1, fills it is characterized in that installing multiple inside lithium battery box and putting out a fire
Put, multiple extinguishing devices can be respectively started release extinguishing chemical；Realize adopting battery case environmental data by detecting and controlling unit
Collection, and judge the occurrence and development state of the condition of a fire according to the environmental data for collecting, detecting and controlling unit and multiple extinguishing devices
It is connected, detecting and controlling unit can respectively control extinguishing device independently to be released to battery case according to the occurrence and development state of the condition of a fire
Extinguishing chemical is put to be put out a fire.
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