CN108008083A - Lithium ion battery pack thermal runaway automatic alarm based on gas monitoring and monitoring method thereof - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery pack thermal runaway automatic alarm based on gas monitoring and monitoring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明基于气体监测的锂离子电池组热失控自动报警器及其监测方法涉及一种针对锂离子电池组在仓库储存、充电过程中的热失控报警装置，对电池热失控时，泄放出易燃易爆气体时进行实时监测并及时报警。由收集装置、气体监测装置、控制装置和报警装置组成；其中收集装置由收集罩、阻火器、气泵组成；收集罩安装在锂离子电池组的正极上方，收集罩通过气体管道与气泵进气口相连，气体管道内装有阻火器；气体监测装置由气体收集箱、气体感应器、杜邦线组成。气泵出气口与气体收集箱相连，气体收集箱内装有气体感应器；控制装置由控制箱、单片机、气体感应器、气体感应器接口和控制电子线路组成；报警装置部分由蓝色LED报警灯、红色LED报警灯、蜂鸣器组成。
The present invention is based on a gas monitoring thermal runaway automatic alarm for a lithium-ion battery pack and a monitoring method thereof, which relates to a thermal runaway alarm device for a lithium-ion battery pack during storage and charging in a warehouse. Real-time monitoring and alarm in case of explosive gas. It consists of a collection device, a gas monitoring device, a control device and an alarm device; the collection device is composed of a collection cover, a flame arrester, and an air pump; the collection cover is installed above the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery pack, and the collection cover passes through the gas pipeline and the air pump inlet The gas pipeline is equipped with a flame arrester; the gas monitoring device is composed of a gas collection box, a gas sensor, and a DuPont line. The air pump outlet is connected to the gas collection box, and the gas collection box is equipped with a gas sensor; the control device is composed of a control box, a single-chip microcomputer, a gas sensor, a gas sensor interface and a control electronic circuit; the alarm device part is composed of a blue LED alarm light, Composed of red LED alarm light and buzzer.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明基于气体监测的锂离子电池组热失控自动报警器及其监测方法涉及的是一种针对锂离子电池组在仓库储存、充电过程中的热失控报警装置，对电池热失控时，泄放出易燃易爆气体时进行实时监测并及时报警。The invention relates to a thermal runaway automatic alarm for lithium-ion battery packs based on gas monitoring and a monitoring method thereof, which relates to a thermal runaway alarm device for lithium-ion battery packs during storage and charging in a warehouse. Real-time monitoring and alarm in case of flammable and explosive gas.
背景技术：Background technique:
随着人们对高效、便捷的能量源的需求的不断增加，电池越来越被广泛地应用到生活、生产活动的方方面面。特别是锂离子电池，这种具有高容量、工作电压高、循坏寿命长、自放电低、可快速充放电等优点的电池早已被应用到人们日常生活的大部分领域，如手机、电脑、电动汽车、充电宝等领域。With the continuous increase of people's demand for efficient and convenient energy sources, batteries are more and more widely used in all aspects of life and production activities. Especially lithium-ion batteries, which have the advantages of high capacity, high working voltage, long cycle life, low self-discharge, fast charge and discharge, etc., have been applied to most areas of people's daily life, such as mobile phones, computers, Electric vehicles, charging treasures and other fields.
在制作、储存、运输、高倍率充放电过程中，锂离子电池容易出现一些不可见的破损，使得电池内部结构发生改变，造成内短路、穿刺、挤压等致使锂离子电池发生热失控，从而引发安全事故。根据文献，锂离子电池燃烧分为两个阶段:初爆和燃爆，初爆到燃爆之间有一定的时间，锂离子电池发生初爆时，其安全阀开启将泄放出高温且易燃易爆的CO、H2等气体，容易造成火灾爆炸中毒等安全事故。因此对锂离子电池发生初爆时释放的气体进行实时监测并及时报警，可避免因电池热失控引起安全事故。In the process of production, storage, transportation, and high-rate charging and discharging, lithium-ion batteries are prone to some invisible damage, which will change the internal structure of the battery, cause internal short circuit, puncture, extrusion, etc., and cause thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, thus lead to safety incidents. According to the literature, the combustion of lithium-ion batteries is divided into two stages: initial explosion and detonation. There is a certain period of time between initial explosion and detonation. Explosive gases such as CO and H2 are likely to cause safety accidents such as fire, explosion and poisoning. Therefore, real-time monitoring and timely alarming of the gas released during the initial explosion of lithium-ion batteries can avoid safety accidents caused by battery thermal runaway.
当前，对锂离子电池的预测预警系统大多使用温度传感器进行预测，并且目前的预测预警系统大多针对单个电池，而不能对电池组这个整体进行预测预警。锂离子电池组热失控时会发生燃烧或爆炸，并释放出有毒和可燃气体，造成人员伤亡和财产损失。在电池仓库等密闭环境中，如果在某一锂离子电池发生热失控之后，进行及时预警并及时处理不仅可有效降低人员伤亡，还可避免其余电池因高温而导致其热失控所引起的次生安全事故，进一步降低财产损失。At present, most of the prediction and early warning systems for lithium-ion batteries use temperature sensors for prediction, and most of the current prediction and early warning systems are for a single battery, but cannot predict and early warning for the battery pack as a whole. Lithium-ion battery packs will burn or explode when thermal runaway occurs, and release toxic and flammable gases, causing casualties and property damage. In a closed environment such as a battery warehouse, if a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway occurs, timely warning and timely treatment can not only effectively reduce casualties, but also avoid secondary damage caused by thermal runaway of other batteries due to high temperature. Safety accidents, further reducing property losses.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是针对上述不足之处提供一种基于气体监测的锂离子电池组热失控自动报警器及其监测方法，是综合各种技术的不足以及事故教训，针对锂离子在储存、充电等过程中的热失控设计相应的预警装置，用于锂离子电池组的充放电过程中，可以对锂离子电池组在充放电过程中进行实时监测，从而为其提供一个良好的安全环境。防止锂离子电池组在充电过程中发生热失控，导致锂离子电池组发生火灾爆炸，造成人员伤亡和财产损失。因此，本发明通过对锂离子电池组发生初爆后产生的CO和H2进行监测，从而为锂离子电池组在充放电过程中提供较高的安全性。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic alarm for thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery packs based on gas monitoring and its monitoring method in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies. The thermal runaway design in the corresponding early warning device is used in the charging and discharging process of the lithium-ion battery pack, and the lithium-ion battery pack can be monitored in real time during the charging and discharging process, thereby providing a good safety environment for it. Prevent thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery pack during charging, causing fire and explosion of the lithium-ion battery pack, causing casualties and property losses. Therefore, the present invention monitors the CO and H2 generated after the initial explosion of the lithium-ion battery pack, thereby providing higher safety for the lithium-ion battery pack during charging and discharging.
基于气体监测的锂离子电池组热失控自动报警器及其监测方法是采取以下技术方案实现：The automatic alarm for thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery packs based on gas monitoring and its monitoring method are realized by adopting the following technical solutions:
基于气体监测的锂离子电池组热失控自动报警器由收集装置、气体监测装置、控制装置和报警装置组成；The thermal runaway automatic alarm for lithium-ion battery packs based on gas monitoring consists of a collection device, a gas monitoring device, a control device and an alarm device;
其中收集装置由收集罩、阻火器、气泵组成；收集罩安装在锂离子电池的正极上方，收集罩通过气体管道与气泵进气口相连，气体管道内装有阻火器。所述的阻火器设置在气泵的输送口两端，能防止在收集气体的过程中，气体达到气体爆炸浓度，遇到火星发生火灾爆炸。The collection device is composed of a collection cover, a flame arrester, and an air pump; the collection cover is installed above the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery, and the collection cover is connected to the air inlet of the air pump through a gas pipeline, and a flame arrester is installed in the gas pipeline. The flame arrester is arranged at both ends of the delivery port of the gas pump, which can prevent the gas from reaching a gas explosion concentration in the process of collecting gas, and causing a fire and explosion when encountering sparks.
气体监测装置由气体收集箱（罐）、气体感应器、杜邦线组成。气泵出气口通过气体管道与气体收集箱（罐）相连，气体收集箱（罐）内装有气体感应器。所述的阻火器分别设置在气泵的进气口和出气口端。气体收集箱（罐）上装有监视窗，能通过监视窗监视气体收集箱（罐）内气体收集状况。The gas monitoring device consists of a gas collection box (tank), a gas sensor, and a DuPont line. The gas outlet of the gas pump is connected to the gas collection box (tank) through the gas pipeline, and the gas sensor is installed in the gas collection box (tank). The flame arresters are respectively arranged at the air inlet and the air outlet of the air pump. The gas collection box (tank) is equipped with a monitoring window through which the gas collection status in the gas collection box (tank) can be monitored.
控制装置由控制箱、单片机、气体感应器、气体感应器接口和控制电子线路组成；气体感应器监测到收集来的气体成分或浓度信号经与气体感应器接口，通过传输线路将信号传至单片机中执行判断程序。The control device is composed of a control box, a single-chip microcomputer, a gas sensor, a gas sensor interface and a control electronic circuit; the gas sensor monitors the collected gas composition or concentration signal through the interface with the gas sensor, and transmits the signal to the single-chip microcomputer through the transmission line execute the judgment procedure.
所述的气体感应器采用TGS822TF型气体感应器。所述的单片机采用AT89C52型单片机。The gas sensor adopts TGS822TF type gas sensor. Described single-chip microcomputer adopts AT89C52 type single-chip microcomputer.
控制箱内装有控制电子线路板，控制电子线路板上装有电子控制元器件。A control electronic circuit board is arranged in the control box, and electronic control components are arranged on the control electronic circuit board.
报警装置部分由蓝色LED报警灯、红色LED报警灯、蜂鸣器组成。The alarm device part is composed of blue LED alarm light, red LED alarm light and buzzer.
控制箱设置有控制面板，控制面板上装有电源开关、气体感应器接口、单片机、蓝色LED报警灯、红色LED报警灯和蜂鸣器。The control box is provided with a control panel, and the control panel is equipped with a power switch, a gas sensor interface, a single-chip microcomputer, a blue LED warning light, a red LED warning light and a buzzer.
控制电子线路由单片机U1、控制系统工作电路、传感器检测电路、LED显示电路、按键检测电路、蜂鸣器报警电路组成。The control electronic circuit is composed of single-chip microcomputer U1, control system working circuit, sensor detection circuit, LED display circuit, key detection circuit, and buzzer alarm circuit.
控制系统工作电路包括单片机U1的第18脚、第19脚和第9脚、晶振Y51、电容C52.C53. CD21、电阻R21. R22. R23、发光二极D21、按键SReset。The working circuit of the control system includes the 18th, 19th and 9th pins of the single chip microcomputer U1, the crystal oscillator Y51, the capacitors C52.C53. CD21, the resistors R21. R22.
传感器检测电路包括单片机U1的第1脚和第2脚、传感器UA2. UA3、电阻A52. A53、按键S1. S2。The sensor detection circuit includes the first pin and the second pin of the single chip microcomputer U1, sensors UA2. UA3, resistors A52. A53, buttons S1. S2.
LED显示电路包括单片机U1的第21脚和第25脚、发光二极管D1. D2。The LED display circuit includes the 21st pin and the 25th pin of the single chip microcomputer U1, light emitting diodes D1 and D2.
按键检测电路包括单片机U1的第35脚和第39脚、电阻R50. R51。The button detection circuit includes the 35th pin and the 39th pin of the single chip microcomputer U1, and resistors R50 and R51.
蜂鸣器报警电路包括单片机U1的第10脚、电阻R82、三极管Q81、蜂鸣器Speaker。The buzzer alarm circuit includes the 10th pin of the single chip microcomputer U1, the resistor R82, the transistor Q81, and the buzzer Speaker.
在控制电子线路中，单片机U1的第1脚和电阻RA2、传感器UA2的二脚连接，电阻RA2的另一端和电源、传感器UA2的三脚连接，传感器UA2的一脚接地；单片机U1的第2脚和电阻RA3、传感器UA3的二脚连接，电阻RA3的另一端和电源、传感器UA3的三脚连接，传感器UA3的一脚接地；单片机U1的第19脚和晶振Y51、电容C52连接，单片机U1的第18脚和晶振Y51另一端、电容C53连接，电容C52另一端和电容C53另一端连接；单片机U1的第9脚和按键SReset连接，按键SReset的另一端和电阻R23连接，电阻R23的另一端和电源、电容CD21、电阻R21连接，电容CD21的另一端和电阻R22连接，电阻R21的另一端和发光二极管D21连接，发光二极管D21和电阻R22的另一端接地；单片机U1的第39脚和按键S1连接，按键S1的另一端和电阻R52连接，单片机U1的第35脚和按键S2连接，按键S1的另一端和电阻R53连接，电阻R52和电阻R53的另一端接电源；单片机U1的第21脚和发光二极管D1连接，发光二极管D1的另一端和电阻R50连接，单片机U1的第25脚和发光二极管D2连接，按键S1的另一端和电阻R51连接，电阻R50和电阻R51的另一端接电源；单片机U1的第10脚和电阻R82连接，电阻R82的另一端和三极管Q81的基极连接，三极管Q81的发射极接电源，三极管Q81的集电极接蜂鸣器Speaker的一脚，蜂鸣器Speaker的二脚接地。In the control electronic circuit, the first pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to the second pin of the resistor RA2 and the sensor UA2, the other end of the resistor RA2 is connected to the power supply and the third pin of the sensor UA2, and the first pin of the sensor UA2 is grounded; the second pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 Connect with the resistor RA3 and the second pin of the sensor UA3, the other end of the resistor RA3 is connected with the power supply and the three pins of the sensor UA3, and the first pin of the sensor UA3 is grounded; the 19th pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected with the crystal oscillator Y51 and the capacitor C52, and the first pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 Pin 18 is connected to the other end of the crystal oscillator Y51 and the capacitor C53, and the other end of the capacitor C52 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C53; the 9th pin of the microcontroller U1 is connected to the button SReset, the other end of the button SReset is connected to the resistor R23, and the other end of the resistor R23 is connected to the Power supply, capacitor CD21, and resistor R21 are connected, the other end of capacitor CD21 is connected to resistor R22, the other end of resistor R21 is connected to light-emitting diode D21, and the other end of light-emitting diode D21 and resistor R22 is grounded; the 39th pin of microcontroller U1 is connected to button S1 Connection, the other end of the button S1 is connected to the resistor R52, the 35th pin of the microcontroller U1 is connected to the button S2, the other end of the button S1 is connected to the resistor R53, the resistor R52 and the other end of the resistor R53 are connected to the power supply; the 21st pin of the microcontroller U1 Connect with the light-emitting diode D1, the other end of the light-emitting diode D1 is connected with the resistor R50, the 25th pin of the single chip microcomputer U1 is connected with the light-emitting diode D2, the other end of the key S1 is connected with the resistor R51, and the other end of the resistor R50 and the resistor R51 is connected with the power supply; The 10th pin of the microcontroller U1 is connected to the resistor R82, the other end of the resistor R82 is connected to the base of the transistor Q81, the emitter of the transistor Q81 is connected to the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q81 is connected to the buzzer Speaker, and the buzzer Speaker The second leg is grounded.
收集罩安装在锂离子电池组的正上方20cm-30cm，收集来自被监测对象锂离子电池组经安全阀泄放出的气体，被收集过来的气体经管道，通过阻火器由气泵再经阻火器传输到气体感应器处；由气体感应器接收来自被收集来的气体成分或浓度信号，经与气体感应器管脚接口相接，经线路将信号传至单片机中执行判断程序，单片机经线路分别与蓝色LED报警灯、红色LED报警灯相接，蜂鸣器同时也经线路与执行温度判断程序的单片机相连。气体感应器通过接口经线路与单片机相接，电容经晶振与单片机相接。The collection cover is installed 20cm-30cm directly above the lithium-ion battery pack to collect the gas released from the monitored lithium-ion battery pack through the safety valve. The collected gas passes through the pipeline, passes through the flame arrester, is transported by the air pump and then through the flame arrester To the gas sensor; the gas sensor receives the collected gas composition or concentration signal, connects with the gas sensor pin interface, and transmits the signal to the single-chip microcomputer to execute the judgment program through the line. The blue LED alarm light and the red LED alarm light are connected, and the buzzer is also connected to the single-chip microcomputer that executes the temperature judgment program through the circuit. The gas sensor is connected with the single-chip microcomputer through the interface through the line, and the capacitor is connected with the single-chip microcomputer through the crystal oscillator.
气体感应器管脚接口外接的气体感应器在室温范围内提供的气体浓度测量范围为100ppm-1000ppm。气体感应器所监测的指定气体成分为CO和H2。气体感应器正对气泵输出端的收集罩，距离为10cm-15cm。The gas sensor externally connected to the pin interface of the gas sensor provides a gas concentration measurement range of 100ppm-1000ppm within the room temperature range. The specified gas components monitored by the gas sensor are CO and H 2 . The gas sensor is facing the collection cover at the output end of the air pump, with a distance of 10cm-15cm.
基于气体监测的锂离子电池组热失控自动报警器的监测方法如下：The monitoring method of the thermal runaway automatic alarm for lithium-ion battery packs based on gas monitoring is as follows:
收集罩放置锂离子电池组的正上方20cm-30cm，由收集罩收集来自被监测对象锂离子电池组逸散出的气体，经由气泵依次通过管道、阻火器、气泵、气体收集箱，最后传至气体感应器正前方；由气体感应器管脚接口外接气体感应器探测到CO和H2气体成分及浓度，将信号经线路传递到单片机进行程序判断运行，若气体成分未含CO和H2气体成分或CO和H2气体成分浓度低于120ppm，则不发送报警指令；若气体成分含有CO和H2气体成分且CO和H2气体成分浓度大于或等于120ppm时，则会发出指令，红色LED报警灯亮起，蜂鸣器发出报警声音信号。The collection cover is placed 20cm-30cm directly above the lithium-ion battery pack, and the gas escaped from the lithium-ion battery pack of the monitored object is collected by the collection cover, and passed through the pipeline, flame arrester, air pump, and gas collection box in sequence through the air pump, and finally transmitted to Directly in front of the gas sensor; the external gas sensor detects the CO and H 2 gas composition and concentration through the gas sensor pin interface, and transmits the signal to the single-chip microcomputer through the line for program judgment and operation. If the gas composition does not contain CO and H 2 gas If the concentration of CO and H2 gas components is lower than 120ppm, no alarm command will be sent; if the gas component contains CO and H2 gas components and the concentration of CO and H2 gas components is greater than or equal to 120ppm, an instruction will be issued, and the red LED The alarm lamp lights up, and the buzzer sends out an alarm sound signal.
当气体感应器反馈的气体信号含有指定CO和H2气体成分且CO和H2气体成分浓度大于或等于120ppm时，被监测锂离子电池组达到预警条件，预警装置部分红色LED报警灯亮起，蜂鸣器发出报警声音信号，提醒人员此时锂离子电池组已经发生了初爆，必须立即采取有效措施，否则锂离子电池组将进一步发生热失控从而导致火灾爆炸的发生；当气体感应器反馈信号不含CO和H2气体成分或CO和H2气体成分浓度低于120ppm时，判断程序会停止对报警装置部分发出的报警指令，此时报警装置停止工作或不工作，继而使AT89C52单片机中的判断程序对气体信号进行新一轮判断。When the gas signal fed back by the gas sensor contains specified CO and H 2 gas components and the concentration of CO and H 2 gas components is greater than or equal to 120ppm, the monitored lithium-ion battery pack reaches the warning condition, and the red LED alarm light of the warning device part is on, and the buzzer The buzzer sends out an alarm sound signal to remind the personnel that the initial explosion of the lithium-ion battery pack has occurred at this time, and effective measures must be taken immediately, otherwise the lithium-ion battery pack will further undergo thermal runaway and cause fire and explosion; when the gas sensor feedback signal When the gas composition does not contain CO and H 2 or the concentration of CO and H 2 gas composition is lower than 120ppm, the judgment program will stop the alarm command sent to the alarm device, and at this time the alarm device stops working or does not work, and then the AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer The judgment program performs a new round of judgment on the gas signal.
本发明基于气体监测的锂离子电池组热失控自动报警器及其监测方法的有益效果：The present invention is based on the beneficial effects of the gas monitoring lithium-ion battery pack thermal runaway automatic alarm and its monitoring method:
本发明作为针对锂离子电池组在充放电过程中的热失控报警器，其具有实时监测、装置简易、操作简单等优点。本发明主要用于锂离子电池组的充放电过程中，可以对锂离子电池组在充放电过程中进行实时监测，从而为其提供一个良好的安全环境。防止锂离子电池组在充电过程中发生热失控，导致锂离子电池组发生火灾爆炸，造成人员伤亡和财产损失。因此，本发明通过对锂离子电池组发生初爆后产生的CO和H2进行监测，从而为锂离子电池组在充放电过程中提供较高的安全性。As a thermal runaway alarm for lithium-ion battery packs during charging and discharging, the invention has the advantages of real-time monitoring, simple device, simple operation, and the like. The invention is mainly used in the charging and discharging process of the lithium ion battery pack, and can monitor the lithium ion battery pack in real time during the charging and discharging process, thus providing a good safety environment for it. Prevent thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery pack during charging, causing fire and explosion of the lithium-ion battery pack, causing casualties and property losses. Therefore, the present invention monitors the CO and H2 generated after the initial explosion of the lithium-ion battery pack, thereby providing higher safety for the lithium-ion battery pack during charging and discharging.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
以下将结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
图1是本发明基于气体监测的锂离子电池组热失控自动报警器结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the thermal runaway automatic alarm of the lithium-ion battery pack based on gas monitoring in the present invention;
图2是本发明基于气体监测的锂离子电池组热失控自动报警器的控制电子线路原理图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the control electronic circuit of the lithium-ion battery pack thermal runaway automatic alarm based on gas monitoring in the present invention.
图中：1、锂离子电池，2、收集罩，3、阻火器，4、气泵，5、气体收集箱，6，气体感应器，7、气体感应器接口，8、单片机，9、蓝色报警灯，10、红色报警灯，11、蜂鸣器，12、电源开关。In the figure: 1. Li-ion battery, 2. Collection cover, 3. Flame arrester, 4. Air pump, 5. Gas collection box, 6. Gas sensor, 7. Gas sensor interface, 8. Single-chip microcomputer, 9. Blue Alarm lamp, 10, red alarm lamp, 11, buzzer, 12, power switch.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
参照附图1、2，基于气体监测的锂离子电池组热失控自动报警器由收集装置、气体监测装置、控制装置和报警装置组成；Referring to accompanying drawings 1 and 2, the automatic alarm for thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery packs based on gas monitoring is composed of a collection device, a gas monitoring device, a control device and an alarm device;
其中收集装置由收集罩（2）、阻火器（3）、气泵（4）组成；收集罩（2）安装在锂离子电池（1）的正极上方，收集罩（2）通过气体管道与气泵（4）进气口相连，气体管道内装有阻火器（3）。所述的阻火器设置在气泵的输送口两端，能防止在收集气体的过程中，气体达到气体爆炸浓度，遇到火星发生火灾爆炸。The collection device is composed of a collection cover (2), a flame arrester (3), and an air pump (4); the collection cover (2) is installed above the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery (1), and the collection cover (2) is connected to the air pump ( 4) The air inlet is connected, and the gas pipeline is equipped with a flame arrester (3). The flame arrester is arranged at both ends of the delivery port of the gas pump, which can prevent the gas from reaching a gas explosion concentration in the process of collecting gas, and causing a fire and explosion when encountering sparks.
气体监测装置由气体收集箱（罐）（5）、气体感应器（6）、杜邦线组成。气泵（4）出气口通过气体管道与气体收集箱（罐）相连，气体收集箱（罐）内装有气体感应器。所述的阻火器分别设置在气泵的进气口和出气口端。气体收集箱（罐）上装有监视窗，能通过监视窗监视气体收集箱（罐）内气体收集状况。The gas monitoring device is composed of a gas collection box (tank) (5), a gas sensor (6), and a DuPont line. The gas outlet of the gas pump (4) is connected to the gas collection box (tank) through the gas pipeline, and the gas sensor is installed in the gas collection box (tank). The flame arresters are respectively arranged at the air inlet and the air outlet of the air pump. The gas collection box (tank) is equipped with a monitoring window through which the gas collection status in the gas collection box (tank) can be monitored.
控制装置由控制箱、单片机（8）、气体感应器（6）、气体感应器接口（7）和控制电子线路组成；气体感应器监测到收集来的气体成分或浓度信号经与气体感应器接口（7），通过传输线路将信号传至单片机（8）中执行判断程序。The control device consists of a control box, a single-chip microcomputer (8), a gas sensor (6), a gas sensor interface (7) and a control electronic circuit; the gas sensor monitors the collected gas composition or concentration signal through the gas sensor interface (7), transmit the signal to the single-chip microcomputer (8) through the transmission line to execute the judgment program.
所述的气体感应器（6）采用TGS822TF型气体感应器。所述的单片机（8）采用AT89C52型单片机。The gas sensor (6) adopts a TGS822TF gas sensor. Described single-chip microcomputer (8) adopts AT89C52 type single-chip microcomputer.
控制箱内装有控制电子线路板，控制电子线路板上装有电子控制元器件。A control electronic circuit board is arranged in the control box, and electronic control components are arranged on the control electronic circuit board.
报警装置部分由蓝色LED报警灯（10）、红色LED报警灯（11）、蜂鸣器（12）组成。The alarm device part is composed of a blue LED alarm light (10), a red LED alarm light (11) and a buzzer (12).
控制箱设置有控制面板，控制面板上装有电源开关（16）、气体感应器接口（7）、STC单片机（8）、蓝色LED报警灯（10）、红色LED报警灯（11）、蜂鸣器（12）。The control box is provided with a control panel, and the control panel is equipped with a power switch (16), a gas sensor interface (7), an STC microcontroller (8), a blue LED warning light (10), a red LED warning light (11), a buzzer device (12).
控制电子线路由单片机U1、控制系统工作电路、传感器检测电路、LED显示电路、按键检测电路、蜂鸣器报警电路组成。The control electronic circuit is composed of single-chip microcomputer U1, control system working circuit, sensor detection circuit, LED display circuit, key detection circuit, and buzzer alarm circuit.
控制系统工作电路包括单片机U1的第18脚、第19脚和第9脚、晶振Y51、电容C52.C53. CD21、电阻R21. R22. R23、发光二极D21、按键SReset。The working circuit of the control system includes the 18th, 19th and 9th pins of the single chip microcomputer U1, the crystal oscillator Y51, the capacitors C52.C53. CD21, the resistors R21. R22.
传感器检测电路包括单片机U1的第1脚和第2脚、传感器UA2. UA3、电阻A52. A53、按键S1. S2。The sensor detection circuit includes the first pin and the second pin of the single chip microcomputer U1, sensors UA2. UA3, resistors A52. A53, buttons S1. S2.
LED显示电路包括单片机U1的第21脚和第25脚、发光二极管D1. D2。The LED display circuit includes the 21st pin and the 25th pin of the single chip microcomputer U1, light emitting diodes D1 and D2.
按键检测电路包括单片机U1的第35脚和第39脚、电阻R50. R51。The button detection circuit includes the 35th pin and the 39th pin of the single chip microcomputer U1, and resistors R50 and R51.
蜂鸣器报警电路包括单片机U1的第10脚、电阻R82、三极管Q81、蜂鸣器Speaker。The buzzer alarm circuit includes the 10th pin of the single chip microcomputer U1, the resistor R82, the transistor Q81, and the buzzer Speaker.
在控制电子线路中，单片机U1的第1脚和电阻RA2、传感器UA2的二脚连接，电阻RA2的另一端和电源、传感器UA2的三脚连接，传感器UA2的一脚接地；单片机U1的第2脚和电阻RA3、传感器UA3的二脚连接，电阻RA3的另一端和电源、传感器UA3的三脚连接，传感器UA3的一脚接地；单片机U1的第19脚和晶振Y51、电容C52连接，单片机U1的第18脚和晶振Y51另一端、电容C53连接，电容C52另一端和电容C53另一端连接；单片机U1的第9脚和按键SReset连接，按键SReset的另一端和电阻R23连接，电阻R23的另一端和电源、电容CD21、电阻R21连接，电容CD21的另一端和电阻R22连接，电阻R21的另一端和发光二极管D21连接，发光二极管D21和电阻R22的另一端接地；单片机U1的第39脚和按键S1连接，按键S1的另一端和电阻R52连接，单片机U1的第35脚和按键S2连接，按键S1的另一端和电阻R53连接，电阻R52和电阻R53的另一端接电源；单片机U1的第21脚和发光二极管D1连接，发光二极管D1的另一端和电阻R50连接，单片机U1的第25脚和发光二极管D2连接，按键S1的另一端和电阻R51连接，电阻R50和电阻R51的另一端接电源；单片机U1的第10脚和电阻R82连接，电阻R82的另一端和三极管Q81的基极连接，三极管Q81的发射极接电源，三极管Q81的集电极接蜂鸣器Speaker的一脚，蜂鸣器Speaker的二脚接地。In the control electronic circuit, the first pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to the second pin of the resistor RA2 and the sensor UA2, the other end of the resistor RA2 is connected to the power supply and the third pin of the sensor UA2, and the first pin of the sensor UA2 is grounded; the second pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 Connect with the resistor RA3 and the second pin of the sensor UA3, the other end of the resistor RA3 is connected with the power supply and the three pins of the sensor UA3, and the first pin of the sensor UA3 is grounded; the 19th pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected with the crystal oscillator Y51 and the capacitor C52, and the first pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 Pin 18 is connected to the other end of the crystal oscillator Y51 and the capacitor C53, and the other end of the capacitor C52 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C53; the 9th pin of the microcontroller U1 is connected to the button SReset, the other end of the button SReset is connected to the resistor R23, and the other end of the resistor R23 is connected to the Power supply, capacitor CD21, and resistor R21 are connected, the other end of capacitor CD21 is connected to resistor R22, the other end of resistor R21 is connected to light-emitting diode D21, and the other end of light-emitting diode D21 and resistor R22 is grounded; the 39th pin of microcontroller U1 is connected to button S1 Connection, the other end of the button S1 is connected to the resistor R52, the 35th pin of the microcontroller U1 is connected to the button S2, the other end of the button S1 is connected to the resistor R53, the resistor R52 and the other end of the resistor R53 are connected to the power supply; the 21st pin of the microcontroller U1 Connect with the light-emitting diode D1, the other end of the light-emitting diode D1 is connected with the resistor R50, the 25th pin of the single chip microcomputer U1 is connected with the light-emitting diode D2, the other end of the key S1 is connected with the resistor R51, and the other end of the resistor R50 and the resistor R51 is connected with the power supply; The 10th pin of the microcontroller U1 is connected to the resistor R82, the other end of the resistor R82 is connected to the base of the transistor Q81, the emitter of the transistor Q81 is connected to the power supply, the collector of the transistor Q81 is connected to the buzzer Speaker, and the buzzer Speaker The second leg is grounded.
收集罩（2)安装在锂离子电池组的正上方20cm-30cm，收集来自被监测对象18650型锂离子电池（1）经安全阀泄放出的气体，被收集过来的气体经管道，通过阻火器（3）由气泵（4）再经阻火器、气体收集箱（5）传输到TGS822TF型气体感应器（6）处；由TGS822TF型气体感应器（6）接收来自被收集来的气体成分或浓度信号，经与TGS822TF型气体感应器管脚接口（7）相接，经线路将信号传至AT89C52型单片机（8）中执行判断程序，AT89C521型单片机（8）经线路分别与蓝色LED报警灯（10），红色LED报警灯（11）相接，蜂鸣器（12）同时也经线路与执行温度判断程序的TA89C52型单片机（8）相连。TGS822TF型气体感应器通过接口（7）经线路与AT89C52型单片机（8）相接，电容（14）经晶振（13）与AT89C52型单片机（8）相接。The collection cover (2) is installed 20cm-30cm directly above the lithium-ion battery pack, and collects the gas released from the 18650-type lithium-ion battery (1) of the monitored object through the safety valve. The collected gas passes through the pipeline and passes through the flame arrester (3) The air pump (4) transmits to the TGS822TF gas sensor (6) through the flame arrester and the gas collection box (5); the TGS822TF gas sensor (6) receives the collected gas composition or concentration The signal is connected to the TGS822TF gas sensor pin interface (7), and the signal is transmitted to the AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer (8) to execute the judgment program through the line, and the AT89C521 single-chip microcomputer (8) is respectively connected to the blue LED alarm light through the line (10), the red LED warning light (11) is connected, and the buzzer (12) is also connected with the TA89C52 type single-chip microcomputer (8) of the execution temperature judgment program through the circuit simultaneously. The TGS822TF type gas sensor is connected with the AT89C52 type single-chip microcomputer (8) through the interface (7) through the line, and the capacitor (14) is connected with the AT89C52 type single-chip microcomputer (8) through the crystal oscillator (13).
TGS822TF型气体感应器管脚接口外接的TGS822TF型气体感应器在室温范围内提供的气体浓度测量范围为100ppm-1000ppm。TGS822TF型气体感应器所监测的指定气体成分为CO和H2。TGS822TF型气体感应器正对气泵输出端的收集罩，距离为10cm-15cm。The TGS822TF gas sensor externally connected to the TGS822TF gas sensor pin interface provides a gas concentration measurement range of 100ppm-1000ppm within the room temperature range. The specified gas components monitored by the TGS822TF gas sensor are CO and H 2 . The TGS822TF gas sensor is facing the collection cover at the output end of the air pump, and the distance is 10cm-15cm.
基于气体监测的锂离子电池组热失控自动报警器的监测方法如下：The monitoring method of the thermal runaway automatic alarm for lithium-ion battery packs based on gas monitoring is as follows:
收集罩（2）放置锂离子电池组的正上方20cm-30cm，由收集罩（2）收集来自被监测对象18650型锂离子电池组（1）逸散出的气体，经由气泵（4）依次通过管道、阻火器（3）、气泵（4）、气体收集箱（5），最后传至TGS822TF型气体感应器（5）正前方；由TGS822TF型气体感应器管脚接口（6）外接TGS822TF型气体感应器（6）探测到CO和H2气体成分及浓度，将信号经线路传递到AT89C52型单片机（8）进行程序判断运行，若气体成分未含CO和H2气体成分或CO和H2气体成分浓度低于120ppm，则不发送报警指令；若气体成分含有CO和H2气体成分且CO和H2气体成分浓度大于或等于120ppm时，则会发出指令，红色LED报警灯（11）亮起，蜂鸣器（12）发出报警声音信号。The collection cover (2) is placed 20cm-30cm directly above the lithium-ion battery pack, and the gas escaped from the 18650 lithium-ion battery pack (1) of the monitored object is collected by the collection cover (2), and passed through the air pump (4) in sequence Pipeline, flame arrester (3), gas pump (4), gas collection box (5), and finally transmitted to the front of TGS822TF gas sensor (5); the TGS822TF gas sensor pin interface (6) is externally connected to TGS822TF gas The sensor (6) detects the gas composition and concentration of CO and H2 , and transmits the signal to the AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer (8) through the line for program judgment and operation. If the gas composition does not contain CO and H2 gas composition or CO and H2 gas If the component concentration is lower than 120ppm, no alarm command will be sent; if the gas component contains CO and H2 gas components and the concentration of CO and H2 gas components is greater than or equal to 120ppm, an command will be issued and the red LED alarm light (11) will be on , the buzzer (12) sends out an alarm sound signal.
当TGS822TF型气体感应器反馈的气体信号含有指定CO和H2气体成分且CO和H2气体成分浓度大于或等于120ppm时，被监测锂离子电池组达到预警条件，预警装置部分红色LED报警灯亮起，蜂鸣器发出报警声音信号，提醒人员此时电池已经发生了初爆，必须立即采取有效措施，否则锂离子电池组将进一步发生热失控从而导致火灾爆炸的发生；当TGS822TF型气体感应器反馈信号不含CO和H2气体成分或CO和H2气体成分浓度低于120ppm时，判断程序会停止对报警装置部分发出的报警指令，此时报警装置停止工作或不工作，继而使AT89C52单片机中的判断程序对气体信号进行新一轮判断。When the gas signal fed back by the TGS822TF gas sensor contains specified CO and H2 gas components and the concentration of CO and H2 gas components is greater than or equal to 120ppm, the monitored lithium-ion battery pack reaches the warning condition, and the red LED alarm light of the warning device part is on , the buzzer sends out an alarm sound signal, reminding the personnel that the initial explosion of the battery has occurred at this time, and effective measures must be taken immediately, otherwise the lithium-ion battery pack will further experience thermal runaway and cause fire and explosion; when the TGS822TF gas sensor feedback When the signal does not contain CO and H 2 gas components or the concentration of CO and H 2 gas components is lower than 120ppm, the judgment program will stop the alarm command sent to the alarm device part, and the alarm device stops working or does not work at this time, and then the AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer The judging program will make a new round of judgment on the gas signal.
实施例：Example:
使用时，将收集罩（2）放在18650型锂离子电池组（1）的正极上方，距离正极10cm～15cm。现假设某18650型锂离子电池组在气体收集装置的收集范围内，进行放电反应，当其发生异常，预警方法包括以下步骤：When in use, place the collection cover (2) above the positive electrode of the 18650-type lithium-ion battery pack (1), with a distance of 10cm to 15cm from the positive electrode. Now assume that a certain 18650 type lithium-ion battery pack is performing a discharge reaction within the collection range of the gas collection device. When an abnormality occurs, the early warning method includes the following steps:
1） 在充电过程中18650型锂离子电池组（1）温度升高，内部压力增大，导致其正极的安全阀打开，泄露出气体。在此过程中，气泵（4）以1.5Mpa的压力通过收集罩（2）收集锂离子电池组上方的气体，将气体吸到气泵中，由于泄漏的气体具有可燃性，且气体的爆炸极限较低。因此，在气泵的前后增加阻火器（3），防止气体达到可燃浓度与点火源引发火灾爆炸；1) During the charging process, the temperature of the 18650-type lithium-ion battery pack (1) rises, and the internal pressure increases, causing the safety valve of the positive electrode to open and leak gas. During this process, the air pump (4) collects the gas above the lithium-ion battery pack through the collection cover (2) at a pressure of 1.5Mpa, and sucks the gas into the air pump. Because the leaked gas is flammable and the explosion limit of the gas is relatively high Low. Therefore, add a flame arrester (3) before and after the gas pump to prevent the gas from reaching a flammable concentration and causing a fire and explosion from the ignition source;
2） 将收集的气体通过管道、气泵、气体收集箱将气体传送到气体感应器（6）上，通过气体感应器（6）对气体进行实时监测，气体感应器根据其监测原理对CO和H2进行监测，并将监测的信号传递给单片机；2) The collected gas is sent to the gas sensor (6) through the pipeline, gas pump, and gas collection box, and the gas is monitored in real time through the gas sensor (6). The gas sensor detects CO and H according to its monitoring principle. 2. Monitor and transmit the monitored signal to the single-chip microcomputer;
3）单片机（8）将信号通过内部线路与单片机内设定的程序进行对比，再通过单片机发送指令给报警装置；3) The single-chip microcomputer (8) compares the signal with the program set in the single-chip microcomputer through the internal circuit, and then sends instructions to the alarm device through the single-chip microcomputer;
4）气体感应器一旦监测到CO或者H2，就立即发送指令到报警装置，使红色LED报警灯（11）闪烁，同时蜂鸣器（12）工作，发出持续的声音，蓝色LED报警灯不工作或者停止，提醒人员此时锂离子电池组已经发生了初爆，必须立即采取有效措施，否则锂离子电池组将进一步发生热失控从而导致火灾爆炸的发生；4) Once the gas sensor detects CO or H 2 , it will immediately send an instruction to the alarm device to make the red LED alarm light (11) flash, and at the same time the buzzer (12) will work and make a continuous sound, and the blue LED alarm light will Not working or stopping, reminding the personnel that the initial explosion of the lithium-ion battery pack has occurred at this time, and effective measures must be taken immediately, otherwise the lithium-ion battery pack will further experience thermal runaway, resulting in fire and explosion;
在本发明实施例中，气体监测器选用TGS822TF型，其对一氧化碳和氢气有高灵敏度；单片机采用AT98C52型单片机，其采用的编程语言是C语言，程序代码简易好写；气泵采用SK水环式真空泵，其主要适用于易燃易爆气体的场合，阻火器采用卡套式气体阻火器，其使用寿命长，安装简单方便；蓝色LED报警灯、红色LED报警灯和蜂鸣器均可在市场上采购得到。In the embodiment of the present invention, the gas monitor selects the TGS822TF type, which has high sensitivity to carbon monoxide and hydrogen; the single-chip microcomputer adopts the AT98C52 type single-chip microcomputer, and the programming language it adopts is C language, and the program code is simple and easy to write; the air pump adopts SK water ring type Vacuum pump, which is mainly suitable for flammable and explosive gas occasions. The flame arrester adopts a card-type gas flame arrester, which has a long service life and is easy to install. available in the market.
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