CN116850507A - Lithium-based electric bicycle fire suppression method and system and lithium-based electric bicycle - Google Patents
Lithium-based electric bicycle fire suppression method and system and lithium-based electric bicycle Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
- A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
- A62C37/40—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with electric connection between sensor and actuator
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of fire early warning and prevention and control of electric bicycles, and provides a fire suppression method and system of a lithium-based electric bicycle, and the lithium-based electric bicycle, wherein early warning of different stage levels is realized through comparing and judging the battery temperature and preset temperature of the electric bicycle and comparing and judging a plurality of indexes such as battery temperature and temperature rise rate, carbon monoxide concentration, volatile organic compound concentration, hydrogen concentration, smoke content and the like with specified thresholds; after secondary early warning, the fire is restrained by adopting a mode of combining aerosol fire extinguishing and cooling fire extinguishing, and the aim of applying effective restraint at the optimal intervention time point is fulfilled by adopting a scheme of combining the grading early warning mode and the two fire extinguishing modes, so that the problem of poor restraining effect when the aerosol acts independently is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of fire early warning and prevention and control of electric bicycles, and particularly relates to a fire suppression method and system for a lithium-based electric bicycle and the lithium-based electric bicycle.
Background
With the continuous worsening of global environmental problems, green traffic such as electric bicycles is rapidly developed. In recent years, the annual maintenance amount of electric bicycles is gradually increased, but electric bicycle fire accidents are rapidly increasing due to the special properties of lithium batteries, design and manufacturing defects, improper use and maintenance and the like. At present, the electric bicycle generally improves charge and discharge safety through circuit design so as to avoid fire, and a reliable and efficient passive safety protection system is not arranged temporarily, so that high fire hazard is still maintained, and huge threats are caused to lives and properties of users.
The inventor finds that the researches on early warning and fire extinguishing technologies related to the electric bicycle are less at present, and a fire early warning and protection system for the lithium battery electric bicycle is lacking. The existing safety protection devices related to electric bicycles mainly have the following defects: the fire extinguishing system is mostly triggered by a thermosensitive wire without an early warning device, has poor flame perception sensitivity and low accuracy, is started later, and has low protection efficiency; most single intervention systems are not designed according to the thermal runaway and fire disaster characteristics of novel energy storage batteries, particularly lithium batteries, and can not apply inhibition at the optimal intervention time, so that the fire extinguishing efficiency is low, and the fire disaster is difficult to effectively control; the external small-sized hot aerosol is mostly adopted, the aerosol in the semi-closed space is difficult to effectively inhibit, and the aerosol is difficult to effectively inhibit the fire disaster of the battery, so that the fire disaster inhibition efficiency of the traditional device is low; most of the traditional fire extinguishing devices have poor pertinence and low intelligent degree, and are difficult to meet the demands of modern consumers.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the application provides a fire suppression method and system for a lithium-based electric bicycle and the lithium-based electric bicycle.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a fire suppression method for a lithium-based electric bicycle, including:
acquiring the battery temperature and temperature rise rate, the carbon monoxide concentration, the volatile organic compound concentration, the hydrogen concentration and the smoke content of the electric bicycle;
judging whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a preset temperature, if so, carrying out primary early warning, otherwise, not carrying out primary early warning;
when at least two indexes of the temperature and temperature rise rate of the battery, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the concentration of volatile organic compounds, the concentration of hydrogen and the smoke content are greater than corresponding preset index values, performing secondary early warning; at this time, judging that the electric bicycle battery has a thermal runaway fire disaster;
after the secondary early warning, the fire suppression is carried out by adopting a mode of combining aerosol fire extinguishment and cooling fire extinguishment.
Further, when primary early warning is carried out, judging whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a first preset temperature; judging whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a second preset temperature or not when secondary early warning is carried out; the first preset temperature is less than the second preset temperature.
Further, after the time of extinguishing fire by adopting the aerosol fire extinguishing method reaches the preset time, the cooling fire extinguishing method is adopted to extinguish fire.
Further, the aerosol fire extinguishing method is realized by an aerosol fire extinguishing system arranged inside the battery compartment, and the cooling fire extinguishing method is realized by a cooling fire extinguishing system arranged outside the battery compartment.
Further, the primary early warning is a high-temperature abnormal warning of a battery cabin, and the secondary early warning is a fire warning of an electric bicycle system; the battery temperature is obtained by a contact type temperature sensor.
In a second aspect, the present application also provides a fire suppression system for a lithium-based electric bicycle, comprising:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring the battery temperature and temperature rise rate, the carbon monoxide concentration, the volatile organic compound concentration, the hydrogen concentration and the smoke content of the electric bicycle;
a primary alert module configured to: judging whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a preset temperature, if so, carrying out primary early warning, otherwise, not carrying out primary early warning;
a secondary pre-warning module configured to: when at least two indexes of the temperature and temperature rise rate of the battery, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the concentration of volatile organic compounds, the concentration of hydrogen and the smoke content are greater than corresponding preset index values, performing secondary early warning; at this time, judging that the electric bicycle battery has a thermal runaway fire disaster;
a fire suppression module configured to: after the secondary early warning, the fire suppression is carried out by adopting a mode of combining aerosol fire extinguishment and cooling fire extinguishment.
In a third aspect, the application also provides a lithium-based electric bicycle, which comprises an electric bicycle body, and an alarm system, an aerosol fire extinguishing system and a cooling fire extinguishing system which are arranged on the electric bicycle body; when fire suppression is performed:
acquiring the battery temperature and temperature rise rate, the carbon monoxide concentration, the volatile organic compound concentration, the hydrogen concentration and the smoke content of the electric bicycle;
judging whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a preset temperature, if so, carrying out primary early warning, otherwise, not carrying out primary early warning;
when at least two indexes of the temperature and temperature rise rate of the battery, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the concentration of volatile organic compounds, the concentration of hydrogen and the smoke content are greater than corresponding preset index values, performing secondary early warning; at this time, judging that the electric bicycle battery has a thermal runaway fire disaster;
after the secondary early warning, the fire suppression is carried out by adopting a mode of combining aerosol fire extinguishment and cooling fire extinguishment.
Further, the aerosol fire suppression system is installed inside the battery compartment, and the cooling fire suppression system is installed outside the battery compartment.
In a fourth aspect, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the fire suppression method for lithium-based electric bicycles of the first aspect.
In a fifth aspect, the present application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the steps of the fire suppression method for a lithium-based electric bicycle according to the first aspect when executing the program.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the application, through comparing and judging the battery temperature and the preset temperature of the electric bicycle and comparing and judging a plurality of indexes of the battery temperature and the temperature rise rate, the carbon monoxide concentration, the volatile organic compound concentration, the hydrogen concentration and the smoke content with the appointed threshold value, the early warning of different stage levels is realized; after secondary early warning, fire is restrained by adopting a mode of combining aerosol fire extinguishing and cooling fire extinguishing, and the aim of applying effective restraint at the optimal intervention time point is fulfilled by adopting a scheme of combining the grading early warning mode and the two fire extinguishing modes, so that the problem of poor restraining effect when the aerosol acts independently is solved;
2. in the application, when at least two indexes of the temperature and the temperature rise rate of the battery, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the concentration of volatile organic compounds, the concentration of hydrogen and the smoke content are greater than a specified threshold value, the electric bicycle battery is judged to generate a thermal runaway fire disaster, the fire suppression is carried out in a mode of combining aerosol fire suppression and cooling fire suppression, the accurate early warning is carried out on the emergency of abnormal high temperature of a battery compartment, fire and the like through a multi-parameter coupling early warning technology, the sensitivity and the accuracy of fire detection perception are effectively improved, and the problems of poor sensitivity, low accuracy and the like of flame perception when the electric bicycle battery is triggered by a thermosensitive wire are solved;
3. in the application, an aerosol fire extinguishing system is arranged inside a battery compartment, and a cooling fire extinguishing system is arranged outside the battery compartment; the problems that the aerosol is difficult to effectively inhibit in a semi-closed space due to the fact that the aerosol fire extinguishing system is arranged in the device and the two fire extinguishing modes of aerosol fire extinguishing and cooling fire extinguishing are combined are solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate and explain the embodiments and together with the description serve to explain the embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the intelligent fire protection system according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a battery cell according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fire alarm system according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation of a fully automatic electric bicycle according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation of a power assisted electric bicycle according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a fire abnormality flag of a battery unit of an instrument panel according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a temperature anomaly flag of the battery system of the instrument panel according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
1, a lithium ion battery; 2. an electric bicycle battery unit; 3. a fire alarm system; 4. an aerosol fire suppression system; 5. a cooling fire suppression system; 6. a solid medicament storage housing; 7. an aerosol medicament; 8. a fire-resistant transport conduit; 9. a gas collecting hole; 10. a temperature resistant enclosure; 11. a micro controller; 12. a VOC sensor; 13. a CO sensor; 14. h 2 A sensor; 15. a smoke sensor; 16. temperature sensor acquisitionA unit; 17. a dashboard; 18. a frame; 19. a battery compartment; 20. a liquid medicament reservoir; 21. cooling the extinguishing agent; 22. a micropump.
Detailed Description
The application will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Example 1:
unlike electric vehicles, electric bicycles are increasingly being subjected to fire during charging and driving due to low cost, no process and requirement of regular maintenance and detection, and the like, and due to defects in design and manufacturing, improper maintenance after long-time use, aging of components, and the like after long-time use. In order to solve the fire disaster problem of the electric bicycle, a safety protection device is arranged on the electric bicycle, but the related safety protection device of the existing electric bicycle is not provided with an early warning device, a fire extinguishing system is triggered by a thermosensitive wire, the sensitivity of flame perception is poor, the accuracy is low, the fire extinguishing starting is delayed, and the protection efficiency is low; most of the related safety protection devices of the existing electric bicycles are single intervention systems, are not designed according to the thermal runaway and fire disaster characteristics of novel energy storage batteries, particularly lithium batteries, cannot apply inhibition at the optimal intervention time, have low fire extinguishing efficiency, and are difficult to effectively control the fire disaster; the related safety protection device of the existing electric bicycle mostly adopts external small-sized hot aerosol, the aerosol in a semi-closed space is difficult to effectively inhibit, and the aerosol is difficult to effectively inhibit battery fire, so that the fire inhibition efficiency of the existing device is low. Obviously, the fire early-warning and fire-extinguishing system of the existing electric bicycle, especially the lithium-series electric bicycle, has a plurality of defects, and the frequent electric bicycle fire explosion accidents form a great threat to life and property safety, so that the high-efficiency fire early-warning and fire-preventing device is designed aiming at the electric bicycle.
Based on the above problems, a fire suppression method for a lithium-based electric bicycle includes:
acquiring the battery temperature and temperature rise rate, the carbon monoxide concentration, the volatile organic compound concentration, the hydrogen concentration and the smoke content of the electric bicycle;
judging whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a preset temperature, if so, carrying out primary early warning, otherwise, not carrying out primary early warning;
when at least two indexes of the temperature and temperature rise rate of the battery, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the concentration of volatile organic compounds, the concentration of hydrogen and the smoke content are greater than corresponding preset index values, performing secondary early warning; at this time, judging that the electric bicycle battery has a thermal runaway fire disaster;
after the secondary early warning, the fire suppression is carried out by adopting a mode of combining aerosol fire extinguishment and cooling fire extinguishment.
Specifically, the early warning of different stage levels is realized through the comparison and judgment of the battery temperature and the preset temperature of the electric bicycle and the comparison and judgment of a plurality of indexes of the battery temperature and the temperature rise rate, the carbon monoxide concentration, the volatile organic compound concentration, the hydrogen concentration and the smoke content and the appointed threshold value; after secondary early warning, the fire is restrained by adopting a mode of combining aerosol fire extinguishing and cooling fire extinguishing, and the aim of applying effective restraint at the optimal intervention time point is fulfilled by adopting a scheme of combining the grading early warning mode and the two fire extinguishing modes, so that the problem of poor restraining effect when the aerosol acts independently is solved.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned method, the present embodiment provides a smart fire protection system for a lithium-based electric bicycle, which includes a fire alarm system, a smart control system, and a fire suppression system.
The fire alarm system mainly comprises a temperature resistant shell 10, a micro controller 11, a VOC sensor 12, a CO sensor 13 and H 2 Sensors 14, smoke sensors 15, contact temperature sensors 16, acquisition units, buses and control wiring harnesses, and the like. The fire alarm system comprises a primary early warning and a secondary early warning, and is used for early warning of abnormal temperature of the battery unit of the electric bicycle and fire early warning of the electric bicycle system.
The intelligent control system mainly comprises a driver, a 4/5G data transmission module, a cloud platform and the like. Optionally, the intelligent control system comprises a wireless transmission module, a user interface and the like, and the intelligent control system is in wireless interconnection with the user intelligent equipment through the wireless transmission module, so that the states (normal, early warning, abnormal parts, maintenance and the like) of the fire alarm system and the fire suppression system and the service lives of key parts can be displayed in real time. The intelligent control system can be in wired interconnection with the instrument panel through bus communication, and states of the fire alarm system and the fire suppression system are displayed in the instrument panel to warn a driver. The intelligent control system can be optionally provided with a 5G module, so that all-weather online monitoring of the electric bicycle can be realized, and meanwhile, accurate positioning of a road network for fire disaster is realized, and faster external firefighting rescue is realized.
The intelligent control system mainly realizes mobile phone mapping, cloud monitoring and cloud positioning. The intelligent control system comprises a secondary response, and is used for sending abnormal information to the user side and the instrument panel when the temperature of the battery unit is abnormal and sending fire information to the user side and the instrument panel when the temperature of the battery unit is abnormal and uploading positioning information to the cloud. The fire suppression system mainly comprises an aerosol fire extinguishing system 4 and a cooling fire extinguishing system 5, and specifically comprises a solid medicament storage shell 6, an aerosol medicament 7, a fireproof and refractory conveying pipeline 8, a liquid medicament liquid storage cavity 20, a cooling fire extinguishing medicament 21, a micro pump 22 and the like. The intelligent control system mainly comprises a secondary action, and mainly comprises aerosol suppression and cooling fire extinguishing system suppression.
The fire suppression system mainly comprises an aerosol fire extinguishing system and a cooling fire extinguishing system, and comprises aerosol medicament, perfluoro-hexanone/2-BTP/water, a storage shell, a liquid storage cavity, a micropump, a fireproof pipeline, a transfusion pipeline and the like; the abnormal state can be pre-warned according to the characteristic parameter changes of the battery and the electric bicycle system in different states, and control instructions are sent to the intelligent control system and the fire suppression system to quickly suppress the fire of the system and release the buzzer warning passersby; specific:
during charging or running of the electric bicycle, the electric bicycle is short-circuited inside and outside,Abusive conditions such as high temperature, extrusion and collision cause the internal triggering of self-exothermic reaction of the battery, the temperature of the battery increases, when the contact temperature sensor 16 detects that the temperature of the battery exceeds 70 ℃ and does not reach 85 ℃, and simultaneously the VOC sensor 12, the CO sensor 13 and the H in the system 2 When the sensor 14 and the smoke sensor 15 do not reach the alarm threshold, the temperature rise of the battery unit of the electric bicycle is judged to be abnormal, abnormal information is transmitted to the intelligent control system through the communication line, the intelligent control system transmits the abnormal information to the user side through wireless information transmission, and meanwhile, the abnormal temperature sign of the battery system is displayed on the instrument panel through bus communication. When the absolute value of the battery cell temperature detected by the contact temperature sensor 16 exceeds 85 ℃ and the temperature rise rate is 2 ℃/s, or the measured value of the VOC sensor 12 exceeds 4% VOL, or the measured value of the CO sensor 13 exceeds 1000ppm, or H 2 When the measured value of the sensor 14 exceeds 100ppm or when the measured value of the smoke sensor 15 exceeds any two of 4.5V, the system judges that the battery unit of the electric bicycle has a thermal runaway fire disaster, abnormal signals are transmitted to the intelligent control system through the communication line, the intelligent control system transmits fire disaster information to the user side through wireless information transmission, the position of the electric bicycle is automatically uploaded to the cloud, the power assisting high-efficiency accurate fire control gives out an alarm, and meanwhile, the abnormal information of the fire disaster of the battery unit is displayed to the instrument panel through bus communication. In addition, in order to effectively reduce the fire hazard of the electric bicycle and effectively ensure the safety of a driver, the fire suppression system intervenes after the secondary early warning is triggered. The aerosol fire extinguishing system 4 is started by an electric signal after receiving a control instruction, matrixes such as potassium nitrate, strontium nitrate and the like stored in the shell react at high temperature to form a powdery atmosphere in the space, and the flame of the system is quickly restrained by oxygen isolation, combustion reaction chain restraint, asphyxiation and the like. In particular, when the control circuit is damaged and the electrical signal control fails, the solid aerosol medicament can be ignited by the thermosensitive wire to release aerosol inhibition.
In the case of batteries, particularly lithium-based batteries, in which a thermal runaway chain reaction is accompanied by a severe thermal runaway chain reaction, the conventional fire extinguishing medium cannot block the thermal runaway chain reaction, so that even if the system flame is extinguished, the battery is maintained at a high temperature, and a high temperature environment is liable to cause secondary disasters such as thermal runaway propagation, flame propagation, etc., so that in order to more efficiently cope with a lithium-based electric bicycle fire, the cooling fire extinguishing system 5 is introduced into the intelligent fire extinguishing system of the embodiment in an aerosol system. In order to improve the reliability of the system, a sensor control signal is not arranged between the aerosol fire extinguishing system 4 and the cooling fire extinguishing system 5 for starting, the linkage control of the two systems is realized through a timer in the micro controller, and the two systems are provided with a delay starting time of 5-10 s. Thus, the cooling fire suppression system 5 is activated 5-10 seconds after the aerosol fire suppression system 4 is activated. The micropump 22 releases the cooling fire extinguishing medium stored in the liquid medicament liquid storage cavity 20 to the battery compartment of the electric bicycle through the fireproof and refractory conveying pipeline 8, and the battery after thermal runaway is effectively cooled by utilizing high specific heat or vaporization heat of the cooling fire extinguishing medium, so that heat of the battery and an electric bicycle system after thermal runaway is effectively taken away, and afterburning, flame spreading and thermal runaway propagation of the battery are effectively inhibited. In particular, for the full-automatic electric bicycle and the power-assisted electric bicycle, the cooling fire extinguishing system 5 is arranged at different positions, but is designed and modified according to the original structure of the electric bicycle, so that the space is effectively saved, and the original appearance design is beautified.
Both aerosol fire suppression system 4 and cooling fire suppression system 5 responses are triggered after a secondary pre-warning, through a designed time delay. The aerosol fire extinguishing system is small in size, and in the embodiment, the aerosol fire extinguishing system can be arranged in the battery compartment, the release port is preinstalled in the battery module, and point-to-point rapid inhibition of a fire starting point of the closed small cavity can be realized; in this embodiment, the cooling fire extinguishing system is installed outside the battery compartment, and the continuous high temperature problem after the lithium battery thermal runaway is put out a fire is purposefully solved, effectively alleviates thermal runaway propagation and follow-up flame intensity, provides more preparation time for driver's escape and fire department rescue. In the cooling fire extinguishing system, the liquid storage cavities can be arranged on two sides of the frame, the adopted medium can be novel halogenated alkanes including but not limited to perfluorinated hexanone, 2-BTP, novec7000 and the like, the aqueous medium can include but not limited to hydrogel, F500, deionized water and the like, and different corresponding media can be selected according to cost. In the application embodiment, the medium in the cooling fire extinguishing system arranged outside the battery compartment is applied to the inside of the battery compartment through the fireproof flame-retardant pipeline, so that point-to-point accurate cooling fire extinguishing is realized.
Based on the current problems of the deficiency and low efficiency of the electric bicycle fire protection system, the fire early warning and prevention and control system for the electric bicycle is provided, which has the functions of fire alarming, intelligent control and fire suppression, for the fire characteristics of the lithium ion battery and the suitability of various fire extinguishing mediums for the fire of the lithium ion battery. The intelligent control system can quickly give out early warning at the fire inoculation stage of the electric bicycle, upload warning information through the intelligent control system, quickly inhibit the system fire through the cooperation of aerosol and cooling fire extinguishing medium, and prevent the spread of the system fire. The application can effectively cope with fire disaster of the lithium-series electric bicycle, improves early warning accuracy and enhances inhibition efficiency, and the assembly of the system has important significance for safety of the electric bicycle.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a lithium-based electric bicycle fire suppression system, including:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring the battery temperature and temperature rise rate, the carbon monoxide concentration, the volatile organic compound concentration, the hydrogen concentration and the smoke content of the electric bicycle;
a primary alert module configured to: judging whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a preset temperature, if so, carrying out primary early warning, otherwise, not carrying out primary early warning;
a secondary pre-warning module configured to: when at least two indexes of the temperature and temperature rise rate of the battery, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the concentration of volatile organic compounds, the concentration of hydrogen and the smoke content are greater than corresponding preset index values, performing secondary early warning; at this time, judging that the electric bicycle battery has a thermal runaway fire disaster;
a fire suppression module configured to: after the secondary early warning, the fire suppression is carried out by adopting a mode of combining aerosol fire extinguishment and cooling fire extinguishment.
The operation method of the system is the same as that of the lithium-based electric bicycle of embodiment 1, and will not be described here again.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a fire suppression system of a lithium-based electric bicycle, which is used for accurately early warning a system fire through the synergistic effect of various sensors when the electric bicycle breaks out the fire, sending system abnormality and fire information to a mobile phone end and a cloud end through intelligent control equipment, starting a fire extinguishing and cooling system at the same time, effectively suppressing the system fire and delaying fire propagation through the synergistic effect of built-in aerosol and cooling fire extinguishing media, effectively delaying the development of the electric bicycle fire, and preparing sufficient time for personnel escape and external rescue; specific:
when the abnormal temperature rise of the battery system occurs, the abnormal temperature information is transmitted to the electric bicycle instrument panel and the user mobile phone through the wireless/wired transmission module, so that a driver is reminded to carry out checking treatment. If the fire disaster development is rapid or can not be avoided through human intervention, the battery system of the electric bicycle generates a fire disaster, at the moment, the fire disaster warning system accurately detects the battery fire disaster through the early warning system, and fire disaster warning information is transmitted to an electric bicycle instrument panel and a user mobile phone through the wireless/wired transmission module, and in addition, the fire disaster information and the accurate position are uploaded to a cloud end, so that faster external firefighting rescue is realized; and meanwhile, the alarm is released through the buzzer, and a control signal is sent to the aerosol fire extinguishing system to release aerosol and inhibit fire in the battery compartment. In this embodiment, a cooling fire extinguishing medium more effective for battery fires is introduced to suppress system fires and to effectively suppress heat and fire spread of the battery. Through the cooperation of multistage early warning and fire extinguishing systems, effectively restrain lithium system electric bicycle's conflagration, ensure electric bicycle's traveling and safety in utilization.
The intelligent fire protection system mainly comprises a fire alarm system, an intelligent control system and a fire suppression system. The fire alarm system mainly comprises a micro-controller, a CO sensor, a VOC sensor and H 2 Sensors, smoke sensors, temperature sensors, buses, control wiring harnesses, and the like.
The fire alarm system mainly comprises two stages of early warning. The primary early warning is a high-temperature abnormality warning of a battery cabin, and the used sensor is mainly connectedA touch temperature sensor. The secondary early warning is fire alarm of an electric bicycle system, and the sensors mainly comprise a CO sensor, a VOC sensor and an H sensor 2 A sensor and a smoke sensor.
The microcontroller can select a freecam singlechip, and the MCU has low power consumption, more communication interfaces, high reliability and strong anti-interference capability.
The contact type temperature sensor can adopt a K-type thermocouple which is inserted into the battery module through the prefabricated hole and the buckle so as to acquire more accurate battery temperature. The reason for setting up contact temperature sensor is that the test result of temperature is more accurate to infrared temperature sensor, and temperature absolute value and temperature rise rate are all nearer the true value.
The fire alarm system mainly comprises an absolute temperature value and a temperature rise rate for temperature acquisition and judgment so as to reduce misjudgment and improve early warning accuracy.
Optionally, the absolute value threshold of the temperature in the first-stage early warning is 70 ℃, the absolute value threshold of the temperature in the second-stage early warning is 85 ℃, and the temperature rise rate threshold is 2 ℃/s. The fixing buckle of the contact type temperature sensor is made of high-temperature resistant mica material, the highest temperature resistance value of the fixing buckle is 1000 ℃, and temperature measurement distortion caused by high-temperature deformation can be effectively prevented. CO sensor, H 2 The sensor and the VOC sensor are both gas sensors based on electrochemical principles. The self-heating device is additionally arranged in the CO sensor to keep the service life and state of the gas sensitive element, the CO gas is monitored by adopting a high-low temperature circulation monitoring mode, the environment adaptability is strong, and the testing stability is high.
Optionally, in the second-level early warning, the parameter threshold of the CO sensor is 1000ppm. The VOC sensor tests the concentration of VOCs through the change of conductivity, and its control circuit is simple, and environmental suitability is strong, can be used to the detection of multiple volatile organic compounds in the battery conflagration in-process. In the second-level early warning, the parameter threshold value is 1000ppm. In the secondary early warning, the parameter threshold of the VOC sensor can be 4 percent VOL; the alarm voltage of the smoke sensor is not less than 4.5V; h 2 The sensor is based on the catalytic combustion principle and tests H in the environment according to the change of the electric parameters in the test circuit 2 Concentration, built-in compensation module thereof, suitable for fire disaster of electric bicycleEnvironment of rapid change of humidity and temperature in the process, H 2 The parameter threshold of the sensor may be 100ppm or 5% vol; the smoke sensor adopts a sensor based on a tin dioxide semiconductor, has high sensitivity, high response speed, high stability and long service life, and has simple driving circuit, and can be used for complex environments in battery thermal runaway and fire processes.
The fire alarm system is arranged in the battery compartment of the electric bicycle, and the outside of the battery module can effectively improve the detection accuracy and reduce the hysteresis quality of the early warning system.
The intelligent control system mainly comprises a driver, a 4/5G data transmission module, a cloud platform and the like. The intelligent control system mainly realizes the functions of mobile phone mapping, cloud monitoring and cloud positioning. The driver is mainly hardware interface equipment and assists in data transmission and control. The intelligent control system mainly comprises level conversion, driving force providing, signal buffering and isolation and signal shaping. The 4/5G data transmission module is a wireless data transmission module, and can send the data of the electric bicycle battery system to the cloud server through an application layer protocol so as to realize online dynamic monitoring; meanwhile, the module can also receive cloud data, remote safety control is achieved, and wireless cloud interconnection is achieved through uploading and downloading of the data.
The fire suppression system comprises two-stage responses, wherein the two-stage responses are triggered after the two-stage early warning, and the one-stage response and the two-stage response are realized through time delay design. The first-order response and the second-order response are aerosol fire suppression and cooling fire suppression, respectively. The aerosol fire extinguishing system and the high-efficiency cooling fire extinguishing system comprise aerosol medicaments, cooling fire extinguishing medicaments, a solid medicament storage shell, a liquid medicament liquid storage cavity, a micropump, a fireproof conveying pipeline, a fireproof high-temperature-resistant communication pipeline and the like; the aerosol fire extinguishing system mainly comprises an aerosol medicament, a solid medicament storage shell, a fireproof conveying pipeline, a fireproof high-temperature-resistant communication line and the like.
The aerosol fire extinguishing system is small in size, can be installed in the battery compartment, and the release port is preinstalled in the battery module. The aerosol fire extinguishing system can be S-shaped hot aerosol, the main medicaments are potassium nitrate, strontium nitrate and the like, the aerosol fire extinguishing system is started through a thermosensitive wire or an electric signal, and can be started through the combustion of the thermosensitive wire or the electric signal control of an early warning system when the battery compartment of the electric bicycle is in fire, a large amount of inert gas is released, and the combustion reaction is blocked through choking, oxygen isolation and the like. The cooling fire extinguishing system mainly comprises a cooling fire extinguishing agent, a liquid agent liquid storage cavity, a micropump, a fireproof conveying pipeline, a fireproof high-temperature-resistant communication pipeline and the like. The cooling fire extinguishing system can be inserted into a fire scene after the release of the aerosol system is finished, and the high-temperature flame jet in thermal runaway or flame propagation is further inhibited by means of the high-efficiency cooling effect of the cooling fire extinguishing medium to rapidly take away heat in the battery thermal runaway and the fire disaster in the system.
The cooling fire extinguishing medium is mainly haloalkane and water-based medium; the haloalkane mainly comprises but is not limited to perfluoro-hexanone, 2-BTP, novec7000 and the like, the aqueous medium comprises but is not limited to hydrogel, F500, deionized water and the like, and different corresponding media can be selected according to the design cost of the vehicle in practical application.
In this embodiment, for the pleasing to the eye design and reduce the influence to battery system energy density, high-efficient cooling fire extinguishing systems is mainly installed in battery compartment outside, and its control pencil is arranged in the frame, and its stock solution chamber is arranged in frame both sides or bottom, and in the conflagration process, it will store the cooling fire extinguishing medium in frame both sides or bottom through the cooperation of infusion line and micropump and carry to the fire district. The dosage of the cooling extinguishing agent is calculated from the heat balance.
According to the embodiment, the battery compartment high-temperature abnormality, fire and other emergency conditions can be accurately pre-warned through a multi-parameter coupling pre-warning technology, so that the sensitivity and accuracy of fire detection perception are effectively improved; the system, the vehicle and the user side can be wirelessly interconnected, the intelligent degree of the fire-fighting equipment is improved, more efficient prevention and control can be realized, and the requirements of consumers can be effectively met; the intelligent fire-fighting system is provided with a composite inhibition strategy of synergistic effect of fire extinguishment and cooling, and is provided with aerosol and cooling fire-extinguishing medium, which is designed according to the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery, so that the battery temperature can be reduced while the open fire of the battery is inhibited, and the flame and thermal runaway propagation of the battery can be effectively inhibited.
The working method of the system is the same as that of the lithium-based electric bicycle of embodiment 1, and the functions of all the modules in embodiment 2 are not described here.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a lithium-based electric bicycle, which comprises an electric bicycle body, and an alarm system, an aerosol fire extinguishing system and a cooling fire extinguishing system which are arranged on the electric bicycle body; when fire suppression is performed:
acquiring the battery temperature and temperature rise rate, the carbon monoxide concentration, the volatile organic compound concentration, the hydrogen concentration and the smoke content of the electric bicycle;
judging whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a preset temperature, if so, carrying out primary early warning, otherwise, not carrying out primary early warning;
when at least two indexes of the temperature and temperature rise rate of the battery, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the concentration of volatile organic compounds, the concentration of hydrogen and the smoke content are greater than corresponding preset index values, performing secondary early warning; at this time, judging that the electric bicycle battery has a thermal runaway fire disaster;
after the secondary early warning, the fire suppression is carried out by adopting a mode of combining aerosol fire extinguishment and cooling fire extinguishment.
Further, the aerosol fire suppression system is installed inside the battery compartment, and the cooling fire suppression system is installed outside the battery compartment.
Example 5:
the present embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the lithium-based electric bicycle fire suppression method described in embodiment 1.
Example 6:
the present embodiment provides an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the lithium-based electric bicycle fire suppression method described in embodiment 1 when executing the program.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, and is not intended to limit the present embodiment, and various modifications and variations can be made to the present embodiment by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present embodiment should be included in the protection scope of the present embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. The lithium-based electric bicycle fire suppression method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the battery temperature and temperature rise rate, the carbon monoxide concentration, the volatile organic compound concentration, the hydrogen concentration and the smoke content of the electric bicycle;
judging whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a preset temperature, if so, carrying out primary early warning, otherwise, not carrying out primary early warning;
when at least two indexes of the temperature and temperature rise rate of the battery, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the concentration of volatile organic compounds, the concentration of hydrogen and the smoke content are greater than corresponding preset index values, performing secondary early warning; at this time, judging that the electric bicycle battery has a thermal runaway fire disaster;
after the secondary early warning, the fire suppression is carried out by adopting a mode of combining aerosol fire extinguishment and cooling fire extinguishment.
2. The fire suppression method for lithium-based electric bicycles as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when the first-level early warning is performed, it is determined whether the battery temperature exceeds a first preset temperature; judging whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a second preset temperature or not when secondary early warning is carried out; the first preset temperature is less than the second preset temperature.
3. The fire suppression method for lithium-based electric bicycles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fire is extinguished by a cooling fire extinguishing method after the time for extinguishing the fire by an aerosol fire extinguishing method reaches a preset time.
4. A fire suppression method for lithium-based electric bicycles as claimed in claim 3, wherein the aerosol fire suppression method is implemented by an aerosol fire suppression system installed inside the battery compartment, and the cooling fire suppression method is implemented by a cooling fire suppression system installed outside the battery compartment.
5. The fire suppression method for the lithium-based electric bicycle according to claim 1, wherein the primary early warning is a high-temperature abnormality warning of a battery compartment, and the secondary early warning is a fire warning of an electric bicycle system; the battery temperature is obtained by a contact type temperature sensor.
6. The lithium-based electric bicycle fire suppression system is characterized by comprising:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring the battery temperature and temperature rise rate, the carbon monoxide concentration, the volatile organic compound concentration, the hydrogen concentration and the smoke content of the electric bicycle;
a primary alert module configured to: judging whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a preset temperature, if so, carrying out primary early warning, otherwise, not carrying out primary early warning;
a secondary pre-warning module configured to: when at least two indexes of the temperature and temperature rise rate of the battery, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the concentration of volatile organic compounds, the concentration of hydrogen and the smoke content are greater than corresponding preset index values, performing secondary early warning; at this time, judging that the electric bicycle battery has a thermal runaway fire disaster;
a fire suppression module configured to: after the secondary early warning, the fire suppression is carried out by adopting a mode of combining aerosol fire extinguishment and cooling fire extinguishment.
7. The lithium-series electric bicycle is characterized by comprising an electric bicycle body, and an alarm system, an aerosol fire extinguishing system and a cooling fire extinguishing system which are arranged on the electric bicycle body; when fire suppression is performed:
acquiring the battery temperature and temperature rise rate, the carbon monoxide concentration, the volatile organic compound concentration, the hydrogen concentration and the smoke content of the electric bicycle;
judging whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a preset temperature, if so, carrying out primary early warning, otherwise, not carrying out primary early warning;
when at least two indexes of the temperature and temperature rise rate of the battery, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the concentration of volatile organic compounds, the concentration of hydrogen and the smoke content are greater than corresponding preset index values, performing secondary early warning; at this time, judging that the electric bicycle battery has a thermal runaway fire disaster;
after the secondary early warning, the fire suppression is carried out by adopting a mode of combining aerosol fire extinguishment and cooling fire extinguishment.
8. The lithium-based electric bicycle of claim 7, wherein the aerosol fire suppression system is mounted inside a battery compartment and the cooling fire suppression system is mounted outside the battery compartment.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the program, when being executed by a processor, realizes the steps of the fire suppression method of a lithium-based electric bicycle according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the lithium-based electric bicycle fire suppression method of any one of claims 1-5 when the program is executed by the processor.
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| CN117913420A (en) * | 2024-03-19 | 2024-04-19 | 成都宇能通能源开发有限公司 | Car as a house energy storage system |
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